Artículos Psicología
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Publication Empatía y conducta prosocial: Una reflexión desde la neurociencia cognitiva(2025) Ceric Garrido, Francisco; Tejada, Maria del CarmenEn el ámbito de la neurociencia social contemporánea, la percepción de la naturaleza humana abarca un amplio espectro que va desde el egoísmo hasta la bondad innata. Desde esta perspectiva, se introduce la exploración de la conducta prosocial, la cual se fundamenta en la comprensión de cómo los individuos pueden manifestar comportamientos altruistas o colaborativos a lo largo de un continuo que oscila entre la búsqueda de beneficios propios y el deseo innato de ayudar a los demás. La interrelación entre la conducta prosocial y la empatía se convierte en un punto clave de estudio, ya que ambas dimensiones están intrínsecamente conectadas en la forma en que los individuos interactúan y se relacionan en sociedad. Comprender cómo estas dos facetas se entrelazan permite apreciar mejor la complejidad de la naturaleza humana y su influencia en la dinámica social.Publication Promoviendo el aprendizaje autorregulado en educación superior: Perspectivas desde la planificación, la enseñanza y la evaluación(2025) Bruna, Daniela; Sánchez-Oñate, Alejandro AntonioEl propósito de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto de un programa de entrenamiento de docentes universitarios en estrategias de promoción de autorregulación del aprendizaje. Aun cuando la literatura señala diversas estrategias para promoverla, no hay claridad sobre las actividades concretas que realizan los docentes en aula. A través de un enfoque cualitativo, basado en la teoría fundamentada, se implementó un estudio mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas a 35 docentes (71.4% mujeres), con una edad media de 41.8 años, de una universidad privada del sur de Chile. Los resultados destacan prácticas de planificación y evaluación que promueven la autorregulación del aprendizaje, las dificultades observadas y la percepción del impacto de estas. Se concluye que el acompañamiento docente en la educación superior es clave para fomentar la autorregulación del aprendizaje y cuáles son las principales barreras para implementar esta práctica, aportando información relevante para el desarrollo de estas competencias.Publication Evaluación del bienestar subjetivo en estudiantes de educación media rural en Chile: Propiedades psicométricas de dos escalas(2025) Sánchez-Oñate, Alejandro Antonio; Céspedes Cárdenas, Paz; Reyes Reyes, Fernando Teddy; Vergara-Barra, PabloEsta investigación se enfocó en evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del Índice de Bienestar Personal para Escolares (PWI-SC) y la Escala Breve de Bienestar Subjetivo en la Escuela para Adolescentes (BASWBSS) en escolares de enseñanza media de zonas rurales de Chile. La literatura sobre bienestar subjetivo en escolares muestra altas puntuaciones de bienestar en estudiantes urbanos, pero se carece de evidencia en estudiantes rurales. El estudio se realizó con 320 escolares (M = 16.5 años; DT = 1.24) de liceos públicos rurales en la Región del Biobío, Chile. Tanto el PWI-SC como la BASWBSS demostraron ser adecuadas para su uso en contextos rurales, con resultados de validez y confiabilidad similares a estudios con estudiantes urbanos. La validación de estas escalas para aplicarlas en contextos rurales es crucial para comprender y promover el bienestar en entornos escolares rurales. Los resultados contribuyen al campo de la medición del bienestar subjetivo en estudiantes chilenos de estas zonas. Los hallazgos tienen implicaciones tanto para la investigación como para la promoción del bienestar en escuelas rurales, destacando la importancia de considerar el contexto al desarrollar y aplicar instrumentos de medición.Publication Resilience as a predictor of empathy in Colombian nursing students(2025) Hernández-Alvarez, Guiomar; López-Sáleme, Rossana; Escobar-Velásquez, Katty; Gamarra-Moncayo, José Rolando; Reyes Reyes, Fernando Teddy; Reyes-Reyes, Alejandro; Díaz-Narváez, VíctorObjective: This study aims to determine whether individual resilience can predict empathic behavior in undergraduate nursing students and how resilience influences empathy (positively or negatively). Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational study. The population consisted of 516 students from all academic semesters duly enrolled in the 2023 academic cycle in the Faculty of Nursing, Universidad Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. A convenience sample of 330 students was selected, with a predominance of women compared to men. To assess empathy, the Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Health Professionals was used, which has three dimensions (Compassionate Care, Perspective-Taking, and “Walking in the Patient’s Shoes”), and resilience was measured using the Trait Resilience Scale composed of three dimensions (Engineering, Ecology, and Adaptation). Empathy and resilience data were subjected to psychometric analysis to verify compliance with the theoretical model and the presence of the dimensions of each construct in the data. Descriptive statistics of each scale are presented. The prediction of resilience on empathy was performed using Structural Equation Models (SEM). Results: There is an overall positive relationship between resilience as a predictor of empathy; the goodnessof-fit indicators of the implemented SEM model prove to be adequate; however, not all dimensions of the resilience variable prove to be adequate predictors when associated with the empathy dimensions, the ecological dimension of resilience positively predicts the perspective-taking dimension of empathy. In contrast, the adaptation dimension negatively predicts the compassionate care dimension of empathy, with no statistically significant relationship in the engineering dimension. Conclusion: Individual resilience is a variable that can predict empathetic behavior in nursing students from the studied Faculty of Nursing.Publication Design and validation of the multidimensional school social climate inventory for adolescents (MSSCI-A) in Chile(2025) Bravo-Sanzana, Mónica; Terán-Mendoza, Oscar; Miranda, Rafael; Oriol, Xavier; Varela, Jorge; Mieres-Chacaltana, ManuelIn Latin America, there is a critical need for validated instruments that capture the multidimensionality of school social climate from an ecological perspective. To fill this gap, this study developed and validated the Multidimensional School Social Climate Inventory for Adolescents (MSSCI-A). Using a non-experimental, cross-sectional design, data were collected from 8949 students across 16 Chilean regions, randomly divided for exploratory and confirmatory analyses. Content validity was ensured through expert judgment with Aiken’s V, while item variability was tested in a pilot study. Dimensionality was examined through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA), which identified 10 coherent and parsimonious dimensions. These combined expected domains such as Emotional Safety, Collaboration, and Belonging with hybrid factors that reflect how students experience interdependent aspects of school life. The Organizational Structure factor, however, did not meet minimum psychometric standards and was therefore removed. The final model was tested with Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), while internal consistency and convergent validity were supported through Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s omega, and AVE. Findings show that the MSSCI-A demonstrates strong psychometric properties. Overall, it constitutes one of the few validated, multidimensional, and culturally grounded tools in Latin America, with applications in research, educational practice, and policymaking.Publication Assessing psychological well-being among adolescents: A new multidimensional instrument for Chilean school students(2025) Bravo-Sanzana, Mónica; Terán-Mendoza, Oscar; Miranda, Rafael; Oriol, Xavier; Varela, Jorge; Mieres-Chacaltana, ManuelAdolescent psychological well-being is a key component of social and educational sustainability. Strengthening well-being during the school years supports healthy development, academic engagement, and resilience to contemporary challenges. Within the framework of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, fostering mental health and equity in education contributes to more inclusive, cohesive, and peaceful communities. This study aimed to develop and validate the Psychological Well-Being Scale for Adolescents in a Chilean school population. Drawing on Ryff’s multidimensional model, the scale included 32 items and was administered to 8638 high school students from all sixteen regions of Chile. Exploratory Factor Analysis identified a seven-factor structure in which self-acceptance was divided into two dimensions: one associated with self-esteem and achievement, and another with self-appreciation and body image. Confirmatory Factor Analysis demonstrated that the seven-factor model achieved the best fit. The scale showed high internal consistency, adequate convergent validity, and measurement invariance. The Psychological Well-Being Scale for Adolescents is a psychometrically sound and culturally adapted instrument validated with Chilean adolescents in school contexts. Current evidence supports its use for research and applied assessment within Chilean educational settings.Publication Cross-national risk factors for childbirth-related PTSD: Findings from the INTERSECT study(2025) Handelzalts, Jonathan E.; Ayers, Susan; Webb, Rebecca; Constantinou, Georgina; Lucas, Grace; Grollman, Christopher; Ohayon, Shay; Awad Sirhan, Natalia; Baird, Kathleen; Baldisserotto, Márcia; Batool, Ramish; Batool, Shahida; Caparros-Gonzalez, Rafael A.; Chorwe-Sungani, Genesis; Christoforou, Andri; Coo, Soledad; Costa, Raquel; Dikmen-Yildiz, Pelin; Ďuríčeková, Barbora; Dušová, Bohdana; Enea, Violeta; Garthus-Niegel, Susan; Grundström, Hanna; Gureje, Oye; Hadjigeorgiou, Eleni; Marie Haga, Silje; Horsch, Antje; Ionio, Chiara; Jarašiūnaitė-Fedosejeva, Gabija; Jomeen, Julie; Kazmierczak, Maria; Lalor, Joan; Milosavljevic, Maja; Nagle, Ursula; Nakić Radoš, Sandra; Nieminen, Katri; Damilola Oladeji, Bibilola; Osório, Flavia; Pawlicka, Paulina; Peled, YoavBackground: Childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder (CB-PTSD) is an underrecognized condition with consequences for mothers and infants. This study aimed to determine risk factors for CB-PTSD symptoms across countries within a stress-diathesis framework, focusing on antenatal, birth-related, and postpartum predictors. Methods: The INTERSECT cross-sectional survey (April 2021-January 2024) included 11,302 women at 6-12 weeks postpartum. The study was carried out across maternity services in 31 countries. Outcomes were CB-PTSD diagnosis, symptom severity, and perceived traumatic birth, assessed with the City Birth Trauma Scale. Multiple risk factors were assessed, including preexisting vulnerability, pregnancy, birth, and infant related factors. All models were adjusted for country-level variation as a random effect. Results: Models explained substantial variance across all outcomes (conditional R2 = 0.53-0.58). Negative birth experience was the strongest predictor (e.g. odds ratio [OR] = 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.80-0.84 for diagnosis). Ongoing maternal complications predicted both CB-PTSD diagnosis and symptoms (e.g. OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.41-1.84), and major infant complications were associated with CB-PTSD diagnosis (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.29-2.07). Reports of perceived danger to self or infant (criterion A) were linked to higher CB-PTSD symptoms and traumatic birth ratings (e.g., β =0.25, 95% CI = 0.21-0.29). Other predictors reached significance but showed small effects. Conclusions: Findings support a stress-diathesis framework, showing that while pre-existing vulnerabilities contribute, birth-related stressors exert the strongest influence. Trauma-informed maternity care should prioritize these factors, with attention to women's appraisals of birth.Publication Synergy between resilience and empathy in health sciences students: A cross-sectional study(2025) Díaz-Narváez, Víctor P.; Alonso Palacio, Luz Marina; Borja González, Juana; Rod, J. E.; De las Salas, Roxana; Alonso Cabrera, Jesús; Salcedo Salgado, Juan; Rodríguez Sanjuán, Alexander; Ríos García, Ana Liliana; Cano Barrios, Allison Elena; De la Cruz-Rocha, Edwin Rafael; Caro, Sara; Serrano Mariño, Dolores Vanessa; Ferreira Medina, Yanina; Hernández Bustos, Oscar E.; Espitia Nieto, Sandra; Hoyos De Los Ríos, Olga Lucia; Gamarra-Moncayo, José; Vilca, Lindsey W.; Reyes Reyes, Fernando Teddy; Reyes-Reyes, Alejandro; Cisneros, Ricardo; Velasco, Katherine; Carmona-Meza, ZenenBackground. Empathy is considered a key factor in patient satisfaction, treatment adherence, clinical outcomes, and professional fulfillment. Consequently, training health sciences students in empathy has become a priority in universities worldwide. However, empathy-focused interventions have not achieved the desired success due to the complex nature of empathy. Both internal and external factors shape and influence empathy. Resilience has been proposed as one such factor, but the association between these two concepts is poorly understood. This study aims to evaluate the association between different dimensions of resilience and empathy in health science students. Methods. A Cross-sectional analysis evaluated the levels of empathy and resilience in 993 Medical, Nursing, and Dentistry students at Universidad del Norte using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Professions Students (JSE-HPS) and the Ecological, Engineering, Adaptation (EEA) Resilience Scale. Data were examined through univariate and multivariate normality analyses and descriptive statistics. To evaluate the theoretical structure of empathy and resilience, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed on the three-dimensional models of each construct. Reliability was established using the Omega coefficient. Finally, structural equation modeling (SEM) with a robust maximum likelihood estimator was applied to analyze the association between resilience and empathy. Results. The normal distribution assumptions were largely met for empathy scale data, its respective dimensions, and individual items. The theoretical model was well-supported for both constructs, and the data suggested acceptable reliability. SEM analysis revealed that the association between empathy and resilience dimensions vary. Ecological resilience was positively correlated with all empathy dimensions while engineering and adaptative resilience were negatively correlated with all three dimensions of empathy. Conclusions. There is no universal effect of resilience on empathy. Designers of empathy-focused educational interventions and researchers should consider the potential differential effects of different dimensions of resilience on different aspects of empathy. In particular, focusing on ecological resilience may create the conditions for achieved empathy to be expressed, while strategies to mitigate the potential negative impact of adaptive resilience on empathy should be further explored.Publication Revisión sistemática sobre modelos de habilidades socioemocionales en educación superior(2025) Bruna, Daniela; Sánchez-Oñate, Alejandro Antonio; Cobo-Rendón, RubiaEl objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar el abordaje de las habilidades socioemocionales (HSE) en la educación superior universitaria, basándose en modelos teóricos utilizados en la investigación empírica entre 2013 y 2023. La metodología empleada es una revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices PRISMA, analizando estudios en inglés, español y portugués, y excluyendo investigaciones centradas en salud mental y postgrado. Se identifican 28 artículos que cumplen los criterios de inclusión, abarcando modelos teóricos como la inteligencia emocional, la teoría de la autodeterminación, el modelo CASEL, el modelo de Bar-On y la teoría de las inteligencias múltiples. Los resultados destacan la importancia de integrar HSE en los programas educativos universitarios para mejorar el bienestar y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes. Se concluye que el desarrollo de programas personalizados, la formación del personal docente y la evaluación continua son claves para la implementación efectiva de estas habilidades en la educación superior.Publication Espiritualidad de profesionales de la salud en unidades de pacientes críticos en Chile durante el COVID-19(2025) Guerra Guerrero, Verónica; Correa Schnake, Marcelo; Poblete Troncoso, Margarita; Páez, Andrea; Daneck Muñoz, María CarolinaLa pandemia tuvo consecuencias multidimensionales. Los profesionales de la salud fueron afectados debido a situaciones estresantes y traumáticas a lo largo del tiempo. El objetivo es analizar la espiritualidad como uno de los temas principales derivados de las experiencias vividas por un grupo de profesionales de la salud en unidades de pacientes críticos durante la pandemia. Se trata de un estudio con enfoque fenomenológico hermenéutico, con entrevistas en profundidad a 30 profesionales de la salud en Chile. El análisis de datos fue de tipo temático y se mantuvo los resguardos éticos correspondientes. Se encontró que la espiritualidad se relaciona con la reflexión y creencias espirituales del equipo de salud, y que la espiritualidad se redescubre a partir de la experiencia profesional y personal deshumanizadora a la que conduce la pandemia.Publication Efficacy of lactobacillus spp. Interventions to modulate mood symptoms: A scoping review of clinical trials(2025) Fernández-Rodríguez, Diego; Bravo, María Consuelo; Pizarro, Marcela; Vergara-Barra, Pablo; Hormazábal, María José; Leonario-Rodriguez, MarcellProbiotics containing Lactobacillus spp. have demonstrated immunological and gastrointestinal benefits and may aid in recovery from mood disorders. However, evidence of their mood-modulating efficacy remains inconsistent. Aim: To analyze the efficacy of probiotic interventions with Lactobacillus spp. in modulating mood in humans. A scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. A systematic search of the PubMed and Scopus databases was performed using nine Boolean combinations of the terms “mental”, “mental diseases”, “mental disorders”, “gastrointestinal microbiome”, “gut microbiome”, “gut microbiota”, and “lactobacillus”. The search was limited to clinical trials published in English and limited to ten years of publication. Eligible studies met the following criteria: (a) probiotic interventions in adults, with or without mood disturbances; (b) the use of Lactobacillus spp., either alone or in combination; (c) mood assessment instruments applied pre- and post-intervention; and (d) reporting of probiotic concentrations. Trials involving populations with other psychiatric or neurological diagnoses or those combining probiotics with additional mood-modulating nutrients were excluded. From 3291 records, 17 clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. Data extracted included the author, year, population, country of origin, probiotic strain(s), dosage, intervention mode and duration, and outcomes related to the microbial composition, biomarkers, and microbial metabolites. Trials were categorized by probiotic type (single vs. multi-species) and participant profile (healthy individuals and those with depressive symptoms or specific physiological conditions). Preliminary evidence from single-strain interventions, particularly high-dose L. plantarum administered for ≥8 weeks, suggests potential improvements in anxiety, sleep quality, and inflammatory biomarkers. Multi-species formulations yielded reductions in depressive symptoms and changes in neurobiological markers. Nonetheless, substantial heterogeneity in strains, dosages, durations, and outcome measures limited cross-study comparisons. Lactobacillus spp. interventions show promising mood-modulating potential, especially with specific strains and prolonged administration. Standardized protocols, rigorous controls, and clearly defined clinical cohorts are needed to establish robust, evidence-based recommendations.Publication Peruvian validation and standardization of the TabCAT-brain health assessment(2025) Muñoz-Najar, Andrés; Montemurro Garcia, Manuel Fernelly; Tejada, María del Carmen; Rivera-Fernández, Claudia; Sánchez-Fernández, Miguel; Custodio, Nilton; Possin, Katherine L.; Tsoy, Elena; Lanata, Serggio; Soto-Añari, MarcioIntroduction: Detecting cognitive impairment in low-educated and marginalized populations may result in under- or over-estimation of diagnoses due to reliance on non-validated approaches and normative data. This study validates and standardizes TabCAT-BHA for older adults living in the Andean region of Peru using regression-based normalization. Methods: Two hundred fifty-eight participants were assessed with the MMSE, RUDAS, and TabCAT-BHA. Classified as either cognitively healthy or impaired based on Clinical Dementia Rating criteria. Results: By incorporating sex, place of residence, age, and years of education as covariates, the TabCAT-BHA demonstrated greater accuracy in detecting cognitive impairment (AUC = 75.3%) compared to the MMSE (AUC = 66.4%) and RUDAS (AUC = 71.4%). After incorporating only significant sociodemographic predictors, TabCAT-BHA obtained better AUC (77.4%) compared to MMSE (66.6%) and RUDAS (71.9%). Discussion: The TabCAT-BHA proves to be a valid tool for detecting cognitive impairment, and incorporating sociodemographic factors improves its accuracy in marginalized settings of Peru.Publication Peripheral BDNF levels in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis: A systematic review(2025) Contreras, Omar; Rivera, Carla; Villaseca, Carolina; Mas, Francisco; Cartes, Benjamín; Castillo-Passi, Rolando; Nieto, Rodrigo R.Background/Objectives: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin critical for neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, and alterations in its peripheral levels have been associated with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. However, findings on peripheral BDNF levels in individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis have been inconsistent. This review synthesizes current evidence comparing peripheral BDNF levels in UHR populations with those in healthy controls (HCs), first-episode psychosis (FEP), and chronic schizophrenia (CS), focusing on BDNF’s potential relevance as a biomarker of psychosis risk and subsequent clinical course. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science identified studies reporting baseline peripheral BDNF levels in UHR individuals compared with HC, FEP, or CS. Of 755 records retrieved, 608 unique titles/ abstracts were screened, 49 full texts reviewed, and 8 studies included. Two reviewers independently screened, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Given marked clinical and methodological variability, results were synthesized narratively. Results: Eight studies met eligibility criteria and were synthesized across three analytical categories: (1) UHR vs. HC; (2) UHR vs. FEP or CS; and (3) longitudinal outcomes. Findings were inconsistent; some studies reported lower BDNF in UHR relative to comparison groups, whereas others found no differences or higher levels, often influenced by clinical or methodological factors. Longitudinal analyses did not reveal consistent prognostic value, and heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis. Conclusions: Findings across studies were inconsistent and limited by small samples, as well as by methodological heterogeneity. While current evidence does not support its prognostic use, peripheral BDNF may still hold potential as part of a biomarker framework if evaluated in larger, standardized, and rigorously controlled studies.Publication Baseline clinical characterization of participants in the Accelerating Medicines Partnership Schizophrenia Program(2025) Addington, Jean; Liu, Lu; Chu, Monica; Jungert, Karl; Penzel, Nora; Pasternak, Ofer; Farina, Emily; Carrion, Ricardo E.; Corcoran, Cheryl M.; Mittal, Vijay A.; Strauss, Gregory P.; Yung, Alison R.; Alameda, Luis; Arango, Celso; Borders, Owen; Bouix, Sylvain; Breitborde, Nicholas J. K.; Broome, Matthew R.; Cadenhead, Kristin S.; Castillo-Passi, Rolando I.; Chen, Eric Yu Hai; Choi, Jimmy; Coleman, Michael J.; Conus, Philippe; Diaz-Caneja, Covadonga M.; Ellman, Lauren M.; Fusar Poli, Paolo; Gaspar, Pablo A.; Gerber, Carla; Glenthøj, Louise Birkedal; Horton, Leslie E.; Hui, Christy Lai Ming; Kambeitz, Joseph; Kambeitz-Ilankovic, Lana; Kapur, Tina; Kelly, Sinead; Kerr, Melissa J.; Keshavan, Matcheri S.; Kim, Minah; Kim, Sung-WanBackground. This paper focuses on the baseline clinical characterization of the participants in the Accelerating Medicines Partnership Schizophrenia (AMP SCZ) program. The AMP SCZ program is designed to investigate a wide array of clinical variables and biomarkers in a total of 2040 clinical high-risk (CHR) participants and 652 community control (CC) participants. Methods. The dataset analyzed includes 1642 individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis and 519 CCs. Key measures include the Positive Symptoms and Diagnostic Criteria for the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States Harmonized with the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes, which determined CHR criteria and the severity of attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS). Other measures included the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5, scales to assess negative symptoms, depression, suicidal ideation, substance use, social and role functioning, and a selection of patient-reported outcomes. Results. CHR participants presented with more severe ratings on all clinical measures and poorer functioning relative to the CC. There were a few significant small associations between measures of APS and other clinical measures. Conclusion. The results from this study support previous research indicating that CHR individuals face serious clinical challenges beyond the risk of developing psychosis. Findings indicate significant associations among various clinical measures, underscoring the complex nature of the CHR population. Limitations are acknowledged, including the preliminary nature of the data and the need for more in-depth analyses from AMP SCZ papers already in progress. Future work will focus on longitudinal data and further exploration of clinical variables and their relationship with biomarkers.Publication Sample Ascertainment and recruitment sources in the Accelerating Medicines Partnership Schizophrenia Program(2025) Addington, Jean; Shalev, Amy; Liu, Lu; Jahraus, Cari; Chu, Monica; Farina, Emily; Fusar Poli, Paolo; Marcy, Patricia J.; Nunez, Angela R.; Calkins, Monica E.; Alameda, Luis; Arango, Celso; Borders, Owen; Bouix, Sylvain; Breitborde, Nicholas J. K.; Broome, Matthew R.; Cadenhead, Kristin S.; Carrion, Ricardo E.; Castillo-Passi, Rolando I.; Chen, Eric Yu Hai; Choi, Jimmy; Coleman, Michael J.; Conus, Philippe; Corcoran, Cheryl M.; Diaz-Caneja, Covadonga M.; Ellman, Lauren M.; Gaspar, Pablo A.; Gerber, Carla; Glenthøj, Louise Birkedal; Horton, Leslie E.; Hui, Christy Lai Ming; Kambeitz, Joseph; Kambeitz-Ilankovic, Lana; Kapur, Tina; Kelly, Sinead; Kerr, Melissa J.; Keshavan, Matcheri S.; Kim, Minah; Kim, Sung-Wan; Koutsouleris, NikolaosBackground. This paper presents the recruitment sources of clinical high-risk (CHR) and community controls (CC) from the Accelerating Medicines Partnership Schizophrenia (AMP SCZ) program, which aims to study various clinical variables and biomarkers in 2040 CHR and 652 CC participants. Methods. A total of 1640 CHR and 514 CC had recruitment source data. The Positive Symptoms and Diagnostic Criteria for the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States Harmonized with the SIPS was utilized to assess CHR criteria and severity of attenuated psychotic symptoms (APSs), and the Global Functioning: Social Scale was used for social functioning. Participants were recruited through various methods, including referrals from healthcare providers, schools, and community agencies, and self-referrals via outreach efforts and advertising. Results. Participants were recruited from 13 different sources, with self-referral being the most common for both CHR and CC. Other notable sources included child and youth services and psychiatric hospitals and departments. Regional differences in recruitment patterns were observed across continents. Differences in age, APS, and social functioning for CHR participants were examined in the top 5 recruitment sources. Overall, self-referred individuals were typically older, with less severe APS and higher levels of functioning, whereas those from adult community mental health services had poorer functioning and more severe APS. The remaining recruitment groups fell between these 2 extremes. Conclusion. This paper highlights the diverse recruitment sources for the AMP SCZ program. Self-referral was a significant source, particularly in North America, reflecting changing help-seeking behaviors influenced by the internet and social media. The findings underscore the importance of understanding recruitment sources to optimize future CHR research.Publication Experiencias reportadas por adolescentes durante el covid-19 y su impacto en el bienestar subjetivo(2024) Benavente Delgado, Mariavictoria; Alfaro Inzunza, JaimeIntroducción: las experiencias asociadas con el covid-19 y sus efectos continúan siendo temas de interés, ya que no solo se estiman consecuencias en la salud y los hábitos de vida, sino en el bienestar de quienes experimentaron distintos grados de estrés social, emocional o económico en ese periodo. El bienestar subjetivo, y particularmente la satisfacción con la vida, se ha vinculado con resultados positivos para el desarrollo en la adolescencia, así como bajos índices de satisfacción con la vida se han relacionado con desajustes sociales y emocionales. El objetivo del artículo es mostrar cuál fue el efecto que experiencias asociadas con el covid-19 tuvieron sobre la satisfacción con la vida de un grupo de adolescentes chilenos. Materiales y métodos: participaron 1459 estudiantes de secundaria de tres regiones de Chile. Los datos se recolectaron de manera remota entre abril y julio de 2021 mediante cuestionarios de autorreporte. Resultados: los estudiantes que vivieron experiencias negativas durante la pandemia, como problemas familiares o poco respaldo escolar, tuvieron menores puntuaciones en satisfacción con la vida. El apoyo percibido de la escuela y la familia son variables relevantes en la comprensión de la satisfacción con la vida en contextos estresantes. Conclusiones: la pandemia afectó a la muestra estudiada. Se discute acerca de la importancia de identificar estresores y protectores de los grados de satisfacción con la vida en la adolescencia.Publication The electroencephalography protocol for the Accelerating Medicines Partnership® Schizophrenia Program: Reliability and stability of measures(2025) Mathalon, Daniel H.; Nicholas, Spero; Roach, Brian J.; Billah, Tashrif; Lavoie, Suzie; Whitford, Thomas; Hamilton, Holly K.; Addamo, Lauren; Anohkin, Andrey; Bekinschtein, Tristan; Belger, Aysenil; Buccilli, Kate; Cahill, John; Carrión, Ricardo E.; Damiani, Stefano; Dzafic, Ilvana; Ebdrup, Bjørn H.; Izyurov, Igor; Jarcho, Johanna; Jenni, Raoul; Jo, Anna; Kerins, Sarah; Lee, Clarice; Martin, Elizabeth A.; Mayol-Troncoso, Rocio; Niznikiewicz, Margaret A.; Parvaz, Muhammad; Pogarell, Oliver; Prieto-Montalvo, Julio; Rabin, Rachel; Roalf, David R.; Rogers, Jack; Salisbury, Dean F.; Shaik, Riaz; Shankman, Stewart; Stevens, Michael C.; Suen, Yi Nam; Swann, Nicole C.; Tang, Xiaochen; Castillo-Passi, Rolando I.Individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) have variable clinical outcomes and low conversion rates, limiting development of novel and personalized treatments. Moreover, given risks of antipsychotic drugs, safer effective medications for CHR individuals are needed. The Accelerating Medicines Partnership® Schizophrenia (AMP® SCZ) Program was launched to address this need. Based on past CHR and schizophrenia studies, AMP SCZ assessed electroencephalography (EEG)-based event-related potential (ERP), eventrelated oscillation (ERO), and resting EEG power spectral density (PSD) measures, including mismatch negativity (MMN), auditory and visual P300 to target (P3b) and novel (P3a) stimuli, 40-Hz auditory steady state response, and resting EEG PSD for traditional frequency bands (eyes open/closed). Here, in an interim analysis of AMP SCZ EEG measures, we assess test-retest reliability and stability over sessions (baseline, month-2 follow-up) in CHR (n=654) and community control (CON; n=87) participants. Reliability was calculated as Generalizability (G)-coefficients, and changes over session were assessed with paired t-tests. G-coefficients were generally good to excellent in both groups (CHR: mean =0.72, range=0.49–0.85; CON: mean=0.71, range=0.44–0.89). Measure magnitudes significantly (p < 0.001) decreased over session (MMN, auditory and visual target P3b, visual novel P3a, 40-Hz ASSR) and/or over runs within sessions (MMN, auditory/visual novel P3a and target P3b), consistent with habituation effects. Despite these small systematic habituation effects, test-retest reliabilities of the AMP SCZ EEG-based measures are sufficiently strong to support their use in CHR studies as potential predictors of clinical outcomes, markers of illness progression, and/or target engagement or secondary outcome measures in controlled clinical trials. Watch Dr Daniel H. Mathalon discuss their work and this article: https://vimeo.com/1066564687.Publication Women report worse metrics of positive body image and fat talk: Findings of an exploratory study in a Chilean sample(2025) Calisto, Javiera; Salazar, Catalina; Seco, Macarena; Vergara-Barra, Pablo; Leonario-Rodriguez, MarcellThis study aimed to investigate the correlation between a positive body image and fat talk, along with the influencing factors shaping their relationship within a cohort of Chilean participants. A cross-sectional exploratory study was undertaken, with variables drawn from the Body Appreciation Scale (BAS) and the Fat Talk Questionnaire (FTQ). Body image distortion was gauged through anthropometric measurements juxtaposed with Standard Figural Stimuli (SFS). women exhibited lower levels of body image positivity in comparison to men (p = 0,049), coupled with a statistically significant elevation in exposure to fat-phobic discussions (p = 0,005). Remarkably, these two variables were associated irrespective of gender, age, nutritional status, or socioeconomic status within the evaluated population.Publication Representaciones sociales sobre el suicidio en la adolescencia: Un estudio cualitativo con madres y padres de adolescentes de la comuna de Concepción(2025) González-Montenegro, Pablo; Díaz-Olguín, Rodrigo; Sánchez-Oñate, Alejandro Antonio; Colarte-Peña, Isidora; Vergara-Barra, PabloEl suicidio en la adolescencia cuenta con abundantes estudios, pero persisten lagunas en la investigación cualitativa focalizada en las representaciones sociales y la perspectiva de los padres. Este trabajo caracterizó dichas representaciones en padres y madres de adolescentes chilenos, empleando un diseño al estilo de una teoría fundamentada. Se incluyeron 12 participantes de la comuna de Concepción, seleccionados mediante muestreo teórico, sin experiencias cercanas con el suicidio. La codificación abierta identificó 27 categorías que describen sus creencias y actitudes. Con base en estas categorías, se desarrolló un modelo comprensivo que coincide parcialmente con diversos enfoques teóricos y revela mitos persistentes alrededor de este fenómeno. Estos hallazgos evidencian la necesidad de reforzar la intervención en centros de salud y establecimientos educativos, a fin de apoyar a las familias en la identificación temprana de señales y la prevención del suicidio adolescente.Publication Resilience as empathy predictor in nursing students(2025) Díaz-Narváez, Víctor P.; Madero Zambrano, Kendy; Fortich-Mesa, Natalia; Hoyos Hoyos, Vivi; Vilca Quiro, Lindsey W.; Reyes-Reyes, Alejandro; Reyes Reyes, Fernando Teddy; Gamarra-Moncayo, JoséObjective. To determine if resilience can predict empathy. Specifically, explain what would be the effect of the resilience dimensions on the dimensions of empathy in the nursing students examined in this study. Methods. Cross-sectional study with the participation of 340 nursing students from a private university in Colombia. Jefferson’s Empathy Scale (student version) and the Resilience-Trait Scale were used. The complete psychometry of the Empathy and Resilience scales was carried out, followed by the application of Structural Equations. Results. Ecological Resilience predicts negatively the dimensions of “Compassionate Care” (ß = -0.11) and “Walking in the patient’s shoes” (ß = -0.19); the Engineering Resilience predicts positively the dimension “Walking in the patient’s shoes” (ß = 0.08). Conclusion. Overall, resilience predicts empathy, thereby, introducing empathetic training of nursing students in the population studied must also include training in resilience.