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Competencias digitales en la formación de profesionales de enfermería: reflexiones sobre modelos teóricos, integración y desafíos
(2025) Contreras, Jorge; Pérez, Claudia
INTRODUCCIÓN. En los últimos años, la educación superior ha atravesado un proceso de transformación acelerado por la integración de competencias digitales, fundamentales en la formación docente. Estas competencias resultan clave tanto para la enseñanza general como para la preparación efectiva de los futuros profesionales de enfermería para desempeñarse en entornos clínicos cada vez más digitalizados. Este artículo presenta un ensayo teórico reflexivo, basado en una revisión conceptual de marcos teóricos. OBJETIVO. analizar las competencias digitales en el ámbito universitario, identificar los modelos que las sustentan y discutir su aplicación en contextos educativos actuales. MÉTODO. Se exploran modelos teóricos, como Krumsvik, Pozos, TPACK y DigCompEdu, que ofrecen perspectivas sobre cómo las competencias digitales pueden integrarse eficazmente en la educación superior. Se discuten las fortalezas y limitaciones de estos modelos. Finalmente, se propone un esquema teórico basado en tres bucles dinámicos: didáctico, curricular y metodológico, para facilitar la integración efectiva de las competencias digitales en la enseñanza. CONCLUSIÓN: En el ámbito de la enfermería, estas competencias son clave para preparar a los futuros profesionales para un entorno clínico altamente tecnificado, mejorando tanto la calidad de la enseñanza como el cuidado de los pacientes.
INTRODUCTION. In recent years, higher education has undergone a rapid transformation driven by the integration of digital competencies, which are essential in teacher training. These skills are key not only for general teaching but also for the effective preparation of future nursing professionals to work in increasingly digitalized clinical environments. This article presents a reflective theoretical essay based on a conceptual review of theoretical frameworks. OBJECTIVE. To analyze digital competencies in the university context, identify the models that support them, and discuss their application in current educational settings. METHOD. Theoretical models such as Krumsvik, Pozos, TPACK, and DigCompEdu are explored, offering insights into how digital competencies can be effectively integrated into higher education. The strengths and limitations of these models are discussed. Finally, a theoretical framework is proposed based on three dynamic loops—didactic, curricular, and methodological—to facilitate the effective integration of digital competencies into teaching. CONCLUSION. In the field of nursing, these competencies are essential for preparing future professionals for highly technological clinical environments, thereby enhancing both the quality of teaching and patient care.
Unmet supportive care needs of young women with breast cancer in Chile during follow-up stage after treatment: A qualitative study
(2025) Vezzani, Francisca; Cabieses, Báltica; Obach, Alexandra; Torrealba, Sonia; Carvajal, Iderta
Background: Breast cancer is a significant public health issue, with a rising incidence in young women who have more aggressive tumors and a poorer prognosis. In 2022, breast cancer accounted for 20.8% of all cancers in women in Chile, highlighting the urgent need for targeted research and support for young survivors. This study aims to explore the unmet supportive care needs of these young women during their follow-up period post-treatment, addressing gaps in existing literature and healthcare responses.
Methods: Qualitative case study using semi-structured online interviews with 20 women who had a cancer diagnosis under 45 years of age. A thematic content analysis was conducted. Study approved by the Scientific Ethics Committee of the Universidad del Desarrollo, Chile.
Results: Three primary areas of concern and unmet supportive care needs were identified during follow-up period: access to information, rehabilitation and integration, and mental health. These areas are deeply interconnected, and the absence of validation of these young women's needs leads to a lack of adequate and comprehensive support from health professionals, deepening women's sense of abandonment by the health system.
Discussion and conclusion: The findings align with international literature, revealing that young women face unique challenges related to their life course. The lack of adequate support from healthcare professionals highlights the need for a multidisciplinary, person- and family-centred approach to care. It should address interlinked needs and advocate the involvement of patient organisations. This would enhance support and education regarding the needs of young women and their overall well-being during recovery process.
Global health education programs: Are we embedding contemporary global health needs into the curriculum of master's programs?
(2026) Singh, Samraj; Roberts, Antonia; Cabieses, Báltica; Mezones, Edward; Al-Kassab, Ali; Espinoza, Manuel
Introduction: Global health education (GHE) is expected to prepare professionals to address complex, interlinked global challenges. However, current GHE structures often reflect persistent power asymmetries between the Global North and South, limiting the development of a truly global and equitable health workforce. This review examines how global health master's programs are distributed geographically and to what extent their thematic focus and core curricular content reflect current global health priorities, particularly those related to equity and social justice.
Methods: A mapping review of 86 graduate-level GHE programs worldwide was conducted to examine their geographic distribution, thematic focus, and curricular content. Programs were categorized by region and analyzed for thematic emphasis and pedagogical approaches, based on publicly available information on modules and learning activities.
Results: The review found that 84% of GHE programs are offered by institutions in the Global North. Programs in the Global South are fewer but tend to emphasize environmental health, governance, and community engagement, often incorporating experiential learning. Across all regions, key topics such as health systems, global health challenges, sustainability, law, ethics, and human rights are unevenly integrated. This variability risks producing graduates with inconsistent competencies to address global health priorities. The dominance of Global North institutions in GHE reflects broader structural inequities in global health. While emerging North-South and South-South collaborations and field-based learning suggest a shift toward more reciprocal models, many programs lack clearly defined aims and accountability frameworks.
Discussion: To advance GHE, curricula must embed equity, interdisciplinarity, and regional relevance. Explicit learning outcomes should include power analysis and partnership-building, co-designed and co-delivered with institutions and communities from both the Global North and South. Such reforms are essential to cultivate a workforce capable of addressing global health challenges with contextual sensitivity and systemic insight.
"Le quita el pecho a su hijo y se va a trabajar”: estereotipos de indianidad y violencias históricas en la percepción de equipos de salud sobre la maternidad de migrantes bolivianas en Chile
(2026) Carreño Calderón, Alejandra; Murray, Marjorie
Background: The presence of adolescents in migration flows through Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) has increased in recent years. Adolescents are usually considered healthy due to their low mortality rates compared to the general population. However, existing research shows that adolescence is a phase of life in which mental health, sexual and reproductive health and other needs may increase. Migration, as a social determinant of health, can lead to experiencing compounded vulnerabilities among adolescent migrants, especially those already living in disadvantaged conditions.
Objective: aims to estimate and compare social inequalities in health faced by adolescent migrants from LAC living in Chile versus locals, as well as to unveil perceptions and experiences related to additional barriers to accessing to healthcare in the country.
Method: A mixed methods study was designed to socially and epidemiologically characterise the adolescent migrant population in Chile. First, two population-based surveys (CENSO 2017; CASEN 2022; REM 2021 and EH 2021) and national epidemiological records were analysed. Second, perceptions and experiences of accessing primary healthcare services were explored through 42 in-depth interviews with healthcare teams (n = 18) and parents of adolescent migrants (n = 24). Quantitative and qualitative data were analysed separately and then integrated to identify the main findings. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidad del Desarrollo.
Results: The study identified social inequalities negatively affecting adolescent migrant compared with their Chilean peers, including lower access to education, housing and higher chances of having to work. Regarding health, sexual and reproductive needs and experiences are identified, including adolescent pregnancy. Barriers to access to primary healthcare programmes dedicated to adolescent health, which are little known and underused by the migrant population, were also identified.
Conclusions: Adolescent migrants in Chile face important social inequalities in health compared to locals and additional barriers to exercise their right to health, putting their current and future health at risk. Priority actions are needed for this specific group, and must focus on increasing the acceptability and coverage of preventive care, as well as strengthening their participation in the social and health decisions affecting them.
Addressing health inequalities and barriers to access among adolescent migrants in Chile: a mixed methods study
(2025) Carreño Calderón, Alejandra; Obach, Alexandra; Cabieses, Báltica; Oyarte, Marcela; Arias, Alicia
Background: The presence of adolescents in migration flows through Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) has increased in recent years. Adolescents are usually considered healthy due to their low mortality rates compared to the general population. However, existing research shows that adolescence is a phase of life in which mental health, sexual and reproductive health and other needs may increase. Migration, as a social determinant of health, can lead to experiencing compounded vulnerabilities among adolescent migrants, especially those already living in disadvantaged conditions.
Objective: aims to estimate and compare social inequalities in health faced by adolescent migrants from LAC living in Chile versus locals, as well as to unveil perceptions and experiences related to additional barriers to accessing to healthcare in the country.
Method: A mixed methods study was designed to socially and epidemiologically characterise the adolescent migrant population in Chile. First, two population-based surveys (CENSO 2017; CASEN 2022; REM 2021 and EH 2021) and national epidemiological records were analysed. Second, perceptions and experiences of accessing primary healthcare services were explored through 42 in-depth interviews with healthcare teams (n = 18) and parents of adolescent migrants (n = 24). Quantitative and qualitative data were analysed separately and then integrated to identify the main findings. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidad del Desarrollo.
Results: The study identified social inequalities negatively affecting adolescent migrant compared with their Chilean peers, including lower access to education, housing and higher chances of having to work. Regarding health, sexual and reproductive needs and experiences are identified, including adolescent pregnancy. Barriers to access to primary healthcare programmes dedicated to adolescent health, which are little known and underused by the migrant population, were also identified.
Conclusions: Adolescent migrants in Chile face important social inequalities in health compared to locals and additional barriers to exercise their right to health, putting their current and future health at risk. Priority actions are needed for this specific group, and must focus on increasing the acceptability and coverage of preventive care, as well as strengthening their participation in the social and health decisions affecting them.
Mental health and the healthy immigrant effect in Chile: a comparative cross-sectional study with international migrants and locals
(2025) Blukacz, Alice; Oyarte, Marcela; Cabieses, Báltica; Madrid, Paula; Obach, Alexandra
Introduction: The question of whether international migrants appear to be in better health than the locals, and whether this "healthy immigrant effect" declines over time is a highly relevant one, especially with regards to mental health. Based on a community-based survey conducted in Santiago, Chile, this study compares the mental health outcomes of international migrants versus local populations and examines differences within the international migrant group of respondents.
Methods: Observational cross-sectional study. Data was collected with international migrants and Chilean participants in 2021-2022 through a structured questionnaire. The study examined self-reported stress and mood disorders in relation to demographic, socioeconomic, health, and migration-related factors. Descriptive analyses were conducted for all variables overall and stratified by perceived stress, mood disorders, and migration status. Associations were assessed using Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests, with Cramer's V used to evaluate effect size. Multiple imputation (m = 5) addressed missing data using the mice package in R, followed by generalised logistic regression models fitted across imputed datasets and combined using Rubin's rules; stepwise selection based on AIC was used for variable reduction, and models were run for the full sample and separately for the migrant population.
Results: The sample included 1,656 international migrants and 1,664 locals. Being a migrant was negatively associated with reporting stress and mood disorders in all analyses. Among migrants, the main risk factors for stress were perceiving a high number of migrants in the neighbourhood and having experienced abuse as a migrant and for mood disorders the main risk factor was reporting having experienced abuse as a migrant as well as a longer stay in Chile.
Discussion: We found a healthy immigrant effect for mental health among international migrants in Chile, which declined over time in the case of mood disorders. Chilean participants reported very high levels of mental health issues, consistent with existing studies. However, results for international migrants highlight both risk and protective factors linked to migration processes, which are unique to them, warranting a specific approach to their mental health needs.
Desigualdades en salud en Chile post COVID-19: adscripción y acceso efectivo según sexo y condición migrante
(2025) Nuñez, Marilaura; Delgado, Iris; Matute, María Isabel; Cabieses, Báltica; Munoz Venturelli, Paula
Introducción: En 2022, tras la pandemia de COVID-19, aproximadamente el 93% de los países de la Región de las Américas continuaron reportando interrupciones en los servicios esenciales de salud, con peores resultados en los grupos sociales vulnerables. El presente estudio busca describir las barreras de acceso a la atención médica en Chile, desagregadas por sexo y condición de migrante internacional.
Métodos: Estudio transversal que analizó los resultados de la encuesta CASEN 2022 a personas ≥18 años. Se calculó la adscripción, el acceso efectivo y las barreras de salud según la condición de migrante internacional y el sexo. Se realizaron modelos de regresión logística múltiple ajustando por edad, ruralidad, nivel educativo, ocupación y quintil de ingresos. El modelo se expresó como Odds Ratio ajustado (ORadj) con un intervalo de confianza del 95% en STATA v.18.5.
Resultados: En Chile, en el año 2022, un total de 14.767.688 personas participaron en este estudio, con una edad media de 45,4 años (DE: 17,8), de las cuales el 51,2% eran mujeres y el 9,27% migrantes. En cuanto al seguro de salud, el 3,11% de la población no estaba afiliada al sistema de salud, siendo los hombres (ORadj: 0,6; IC 95%: 0,54-0,68) y los inmigrantes (ORadj: 10,3; 8,78-12,15) los grupos más afectados. En cuanto al acceso efectivo, el 17,4% tenía necesidades de salud, con predominio del sexo femenino (ORadj: 1,3; IC 95%: 1,21-1,32). Sin embargo, de quienes tenían necesidades y las expresaron, el 39,2% expresó necesidades no satisfechas, con mayor probabilidad de mostrarlo en mujeres (ORadj: 1,2; IC 95%: 1,10-1,27).
Conclusiones: En Chile, la cobertura del sistema de salud sigue siendo un desafío para los hombres y la población migrante. Observamos con preocupación los altos porcentajes de necesidades de salud insatisfechas, especialmente entre las mujeres. La intersección del sexo y la migración internacional revela una doble vulnerabilidad en el acceso a la atención médica que justifica un estudio más profundo.
Exploring the characteristics of cancer-centred civil society organisations in Chile: A qualitative study
(2025) Roberts, Antonia; Vezzani, Francisca; Cabieses, Báltica; Obach, Alexandra; Campaña, Carla; Espinoza, Manuel
Background: In Chile, civil society organisations in health have been historically active in population health and specifically in cancer; they have had an important role in addressing patients' and families' necessities. Although they occupy a central role, there is no clarity about who they are, how they are organised, the goals that guide their performance and how they materialize social participation in health. Based on that, this study aimed to explore the characteristics of civil society organisations that work in cancer in Chile and to identify the networks they build with other actors to achieve their goals.
Materials and methods: Qualitative case study using semi-structured online interviews with organisation representatives, politicians, decision-makers and academics related to cancer in Chile. Content analysis was performed, admitting emerging categories from the participants' narratives.
Results: Three main profiles of organisations were identified: (i) Long-established organisations focused on influencing public policy and decision-making in cancer, (ii) Growing organisations focused on informing and supporting families and patients, (iii) Newly established organisations focused on patient well-being, such as sports activities. Relationships between groups and other actors involve perceived benefits like the growth of the organisations and funding for activities. However, perceived barriers and inequities are also identified, mainly lack of financial resources, competition between organisations and insufficient information.
Discussion: The objectives of civil society organisations in cancer are diverse and reflect multiple ways of practising social participation in health. Tensions generate unequal participation and missed opportunities to promote public health in cancer in Chile. The study highlights the importance of recognising cancer social organisations as essential actors in public health. It is crucial to involve them in formulating and implementing comprehensive responses to maximise the opportunities for progress in this field.
Barriers to accessing formal cancer care from the perspective of informal caregivers: a qualitative study
(2025) Campaña, Carla; Cabieses, Báltica; Obach, Alexandra; Vezzani, Francisca; Estay, Angela; Carrillo, Diego
Background: Cancer is a significant public health concern in Chile, with breast and lung cancers being among the most common and deadly types. Informal caregivers provide essential healthcare procedures and physical, emotional, and financial support to cancer patients, taking on significant responsibilities they must balance with their lives. Many of these responsibilities are directly related to healthcare and patient care processes, so the healthcare system is critical to the caregiver's experience. This study aims to identify health system barriers in the healthcare of lung and breast cancer patients through the voice of informal caregivers in Chile.
Methods: An exploratory qualitative case study design was used, following the COREQ criteria. Twenty informal caregivers of adult breast and lung cancer patients were recruited from different regions of Chile through snowball sampling and online outreach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted between March and June 2023. Data were analyzed using deductive thematic analysis guided by Tanahashi's effective coverage framework, which focuses on four dimensions of healthcare access: availability, accessibility, acceptability, and contact. Atlas.ti software was used for coding and thematic organization.
Results: Caregivers reported significant barriers across the four dimensions: (i) availability, lack of medical equipment and home care resources, especially in public hospitals; (ii) accessibility, long wait times, fragmented care across institutions, and high out-of-pocket costs, particularly for those outside the public health insurance (FONASA) coverage; (iii) acceptability, inadequate communication from healthcare providers, with limited information on diagnosis and prognosis; (iv) contact, poor continuity of care, with a lack of coordination between healthcare providers, leading to feelings of isolation and frustration among caregivers.
Conclusions: The study reveals critical gaps in Chile's healthcare system. Caregivers play an essential role in patient care but receive insufficient support from the healthcare system. Addressing the identified barriers, including improving communication, coordination, and support for caregivers, is crucial for achieving better healthcare outcomes and reducing disparities in cancer care. These findings have significant implications for policymakers, highlighting the need for reforms to support caregivers and enhance the cancer care continuum in Chile.
Unmet needs and new challenges in young women's sexual and reproductive health and rights: a qualitative study in Chile's Metropolitan Region
(2025) Obach, Alexandra; Sadler, Michelle; Robledo, Consuelo; Wright, Ciara; Cabieses, Báltica
In Chile, despite important advances in access to contraception and a steady reduction in unplanned pregnancy, longstanding barriers for young people to access sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and rights - rooted in a conservative and religious background - have been highlighted by recent socio-political movements, including the feminist student wave of 2018 and the social uprising of 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic further strained access, leading to the suspension of many in-person services. In this context, we conducted a qualitative study between 2020 and 2023 to explore young women's perceptions of sexuality and SRH, their interactions with the formal healthcare system, and the diverse resources they engage with to access support and care. 23 in-depth interviews were carried out with heterosexual and non-heterosexual women aged 18-25 in Chile's Metropolitan Region. The findings reveal a mismatch between young women's holistic understanding of sexuality - which includes emotional, biological, and political dimensions - and the healthcare system's reductionist, heteronormative, and risk-based approach, which became more visible after these societal upheavals. As a result, young women may use biomedical SRH services strategically for prescriptions and testing, while seeking more comprehensive support outside the formal system through virtual platforms, health professionals giving online support, and civil society organisations. The study concludes that systemic changes in the health system are needed to bridge these divides and uphold the sexual and reproductive rights of young women in Chile, especially those who identify as non-heterosexual.
Ethnic disparities in the association between maternal socioeconomic status and childhood anemia in Peru: a nationwide multiyear cross-sectional study
(2025) Al-kassab-Córdova, Ali; Intimayta, Claudio; Robles, Pamela; Urrunaga, Diego; Cabieses, Báltica
Background: Maternal socioeconomic status (SES) is closely linked to children's health outcomes. However, the marginalization-related diminished returns theory suggests that increases in SES yield smaller health gains for marginalized populations-such as Afro-Peruvian and Indigenous groups-compared to majority groups like Mestizos, largely due to systemic barriers and social disadvantage. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore ethnic disparities in the association between maternal SES on childhood anemia in Peru.
Methods: Using data from the 2017 to 2023 Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey, we conducted a cross-sectional study including children aged 6-59 months with their respective mothers. Ethnicity was grouped into Mestizo, Afro-Peruvian, and Indigenous (Quechua, Aimara, and native of the Amazon). Three proxies of SES were used: wealth index, level of education, and years of education. After stratifying by ethnicity, we estimated prevalence ratios (PR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using generalized linear models with Poisson family. Interaction was assessed on multiplicative and additive scales.
Findings: Among 234,364 Peruvian mothers, 45.7% (n = 107,118) identified as Mestizo, 12.6% (n = 29,557) as Afro-Peruvian, and 41.7% (n = 97,689) as Indigenous. The overall prevalence of anemia in children was 32.2%. The association between a very rich wealth index and lower prevalence of anemia was weaker among Indigenous (PR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.56-0.72) compared to Mestizo individuals (PR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.42-0.50). Similarly, the association between higher maternal education and lower anemia prevalence was less pronounced for Afro-Peruvian (PR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.62-0.79) and Indigenous groups (PR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.77-0.86) than for Mestizos (PR = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.59-0.67). A similar pattern was noted with maternal years of education (Mestizos [PR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.94-0.96], Afro-Peruvian [PR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96-0.98], and Indigenous [PR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.98-0.99]). Interaction analysis confirmed significantly weaker associations for Afro-Peruvian and Indigenous individuals compared to Mestizos.
Interpretation: Maternal SES is associated with lower prevalence of childhood anemia, with stronger associations observed among Mestizo populations compared to Afro-Peruvian and Indigenous groups. This pattern aligns with the marginalization-related diminished returns theory. Maximizing SES alone does not preclude ethnic disparities but rather, may even widen them, highlighting the need for equity-focused interventions that address underlying structural and systemic barriers.
Funding: Self-funded.
Reliability of a pressure pain threshold protocol: secondary analysis of a longitudinal trial with cluster randomization
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Medicina, 2025) Aguila Humeres, Pedro; Leppe Zamora, Jaime
Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) measurement is a clinically useful method for assessing pain sensitivity when applied with a standardized protocol.
However, little is known about the longitudinal stability of reliability estimates when PPT protocols are embedded in randomized controlled trials. This study aimed to evaluate the intra-rater reliability of a standardized digital algometry protocol for PPT measurement in office workers over a six-month follow-up. A secondary analysis was conducted from a cluster randomized controlled trial with office workers, where a standardized PPT protocol was applied to the neck, forearm, and lower leg. Measurements were taken bilaterally with three repetitions per site. Intra-rater reliability was assessed using ICC (Model 3, k), along with the Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) and Minimal Detectable Change (MDC), calculated at baseline, three, and six months, for both intervention and control groups. ICC values ranged from 0.86 to 0.95, indicating good to excellent reliability across all time points and body regions.
SEM ranged from 0.20 to 0.49, and MDC from 0.46 to 1.12. These values remained consistent across follow-up periods in both groups, despite expected variability due to the intervention. The PPT protocol demonstrated high intrarater reliability and stable measurement properties over time, supporting its use in longitudinal assessments of pain sensitivity in occupational and clinical settings.
Caracterización de los diagnósticos obstétricos de las gestantes hospitalizadas en chile durante el año 2023
(2026) Rubio, Raquel; Barros, Isidora; Morales, Daniela; Norambuena, Valeska; Penacho, Belén; Yaksic, Nicole
Introducción: Las hospitalizaciones durante el embarazo impactan en la salud materna y fetal. Su caracterización en Chile permite identificar perfiles de riesgo y orientar decisiones sanitarias. Objetivo: Describir las características de las gestantes hospitalizadas en Chile durante el 2023, según edad, sistema de salud, nacionalidad, región y diagnóstico. Metodología: Estudio transversal, descriptivo basado en 24.743 registros de la base nacional de egresos hospitalarios a causa de embarazo, 2023. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas y clínicas mediante herramientas Excel y Jamovi. Resultado: La mayoría de las hospitalizaciones correspondió a gestantes entre 30-39 años (50,5 %), atendidas en el sistema público (85,5 %) y residentes en la Región Metropolitana (40,1 %). Los diagnósticos más frecuentes fueron trastornos metabólicos (39,3 %) e hipertensivos (23,9 %). Se identificó una mayor razón de hospitalización en regiones del sur. Discusión: El análisis de las hospitalizaciones obstétricas muestra un aumento en el perfil etario de las gestantes hospitalizadas, predominando los trastornos metabólicos como el principal diagnóstico. Las regiones del sur presentan mayor razón de hospitalización, pudiendo evidenciar brechas territoriales en el acceso prenatal. Conclusión: El grupo etario con mayor número de hospitalizaciones fue el de 30-39 años. Los diagnósticos más frecuentes fueron los trastornos metabólicos seguido de las patologías hipertensivas. Es necesario fortalecer las políticas de salud materna con un enfoque regional y etario, orientado a la prevención, detección precoz y manejo oportuno de patologías obstétricas, especialmente aquellas de origen metabólico.
Introduction: Hospital admissions during pregnancy have a significant impact on mother and fetal health. Its study in Chile allows to identify risk profiles in order to stablish health policies. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the hospitalized pregnant characteristics in Chile during 2023 according with maternal age, health system, nationality, region and diagnostic. Methodology: A transversal descriptive study was carried out on 24.743 registers obtained from the National hospital discharge register due to pregnancy during 2023. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were analyzed through Excel and Jamovi software. Result: Most of the hospital discharges were on pregnant women between 30-39 years old (50,5%); an 85,5% were assisted in the public system, and 40,1% were residents of the Metropolitan region. The most frequent diagnostics were metabolic disorders (39,3%) and hypertensive disorders (23,9%). There were more admissions in south regions of the country. Discussion: The analysis of the pregnant admissions shows an increase on age group of pregnancy hospitalization, predominating metabolic disorders. South regions of the country show more hospitalizations based on total live births, potentially revealing territorial gaps in prenatal care access. Conclusion: The age group with the highest number of hospitalizations was 30-39 years. The most frequent diagnoses were metabolic disorders, followed by hypertensive pathologies. It is necessary to strengthen maternal health policies with a regional and age-based approach, focused on prevention, early detection, and timely management of obstetric pathologies, especially those of metabolic origin.
MORPHIX, tu aliado digital para aprender el cuerpo humano
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Centro de Innovación Docente, 2025) Labarca Trucios, Ignacio; Illanes Alvarado, Elena
El proyecto MORPHIX se implementó durante el segundo semestre de 2025 en la asignatura Morfología Humana del plan común de Ciencias de la Salud en la sede Santiago de la Universidad del Desarrollo. Su objetivo fue fomentar el aprendizaje autónomo y la integración interdisciplinaria de conceptos anatómicos e histológicos mediante un chatbot basado en inteligencia artificial.
La iniciativa respondió a una problemática detectada en la asignatura: baja autonomía de los estudiantes, dificultades para conectar la teoría con la práctica clínica y una tasa de reprobación promedio del 21,65% entre 2019 y 2024. Estas dificultades se atribuían a métodos de enseñanza tradicionales y poca incorporación de herramientas tecnológicas interactivas.
MORPHIX se diseñó como un recurso innovador que permitió a los estudiantes interactuar con la inteligencia artificial para reforzar contenidos y resolver casos clínicos complejos.
Metodologías de aprendizaje activo con GeoGebra: potenciando aprendizajes de trigonometría y vectores
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Centro de Innovación Docente, 2024) Avello Fernández, Danny; Quintrileo Zabala, Isabel; Pino Pino, René
El proyecto tuvo como propósito optimizar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de trigonometría y vectores en la asignatura Matemática y Física de primer año de la carrera de Tecnología Médica. Este propósito respondió a la disminución en la disposición de los estudiantes para involucrarse activamente en su aprendizaje. Para ello, se implementaron metodologías de aprendizaje activo apoyadas en el software GeoGebra, aplicadas durante el segundo semestre de 2024 y el primer semestre de 2025.
Combinando Historia de las Ciencias y Empatía Histórica como estrategia interdisciplinaria para promover Competencias Socioemocionales en futuros profesores
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Centro de Innovación Docente, 2025) Beltrán Salvo, María Paz; Grez Cook, Francesca
El proyecto implementó una experiencia interdisciplinaria orientada a integrar las competencias socioemocionales en la formación inicial docente de Biología e Historia. Mediante el uso de la Historia de la Ciencia y la Empatía Histórica, se abordó el caso de Rosalind Franklin para vincular contenidos científicos con emociones, valores y contextos históricos. La iniciativa permitió a los futuros docentes diseñar propuestas pedagógicas que incorporan de forma explícita la dimensión socioemocional, respondiendo a una necesidad formativa poco abordada en la enseñanza disciplinar.
HISTORIARQ FLIPPED. Aproximaciones a la aplicación de metodologías historiográficas en arquitectura a través de Flipped Learning
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Centro de Innovación Docente, 2024) Herrera Muñoz, Francisco; Harris Diez, Ronald
La implementación de la presente iniciativa surgió de la identificación en los estudiantes de arquitectura de importantes deficiencias en el campo de la observación y análisis crítico de obras en este ámbito disciplinar.
En este marco, la aplicación de la metodología Flipped Learning en tres clases del curso Ciudad y arquitectura antigua y clásica, impartido durante el segundo semestre del 2024 a 52 estudiantes de dos secciones del primer año de la carrera de Arquitectura (Santiago), tuvo como objetivo general fortalecer e incrementar entre los participantes el dominio teórico y experiencia práctica en el campo de la observación crítica de la producción arquitectónica a lo largo de la historia. Ello, a través del aprendizaje y aplicación de metodologías de análisis y la utilización de herramientas operativas especializadas propias del estudio historiográfico.
Fortaleciendo habilidades comunicacionales y desempeño técnico en estudiantes de Nutrición y Dietética
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Centro de Innovación Docente, 2024) Quintilliano Scarpelli, Daiana; Díaz-Torrente, Ximena; Ruedlinger Standen, Jenny; Anfossi Lubascher, María Soledad
Este proyecto tuvo como propósito fortalecer la competencia de comunicación oral y escrita en el área de investigación, a partir de la elaboración y aplicación de protocolos, que orientaron a los estudiantes en la construcción de distintos géneros académicos.
La iniciativa surgió como respuesta a las dificultades detectadas en los estudiantes con respecto al uso de lenguaje técnico y formal, la coherencia discursiva, la síntesis de información científica y la interpretación de textos académicos. Se benefició directamente a 80 estudiantes de las asignaturas Bioética (Tercer
año) y Bioestadística y Metodología de la Investigación (Cuarto año), así como a siete docentes. El proyecto se desarrolló durante dos semestres (2024–2025), financiado por el Centro de Innovación Docente (CID). Entre los resultados obtenidos, se logró consensuar y diseñar protocolos para géneros discursivos y se
implementaron con éxito tres de ellos (ensayo de reacción, póster y presentación oral), identificando una percepción favorable del desarrollo de las competencias de escritura académica, pensamiento crítico y comunicación oral, lo cual será confirmado en futuras aplicaciones. Esta experiencia no solo contribuyó al aprendizaje de los estudiantes, sino que generó herramientas que podrán ser utilizadas en otras asignaturas, ciclos formativos y en otras carreras de la institución, consolidando un modelo que potencia la calidad de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en la educación superior.
Integración de la Secuenciación y el Análisis Ómico para Fortalecer el Aprendizaje en Bioinformática y Desarrollar Tesis Innovadoras en Tecnología Médica
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Centro de Innovación Docente, 2025) Báez Benavides, Pablo; Zazueta Hernández, Alejandra; Andaur Medina, Rodrigo
La propuesta buscó fortalecer la formación integral de los estudiantes de Tecnología Médica en la asignatura Bioinformática en el Diagnóstico Molecular, mediante actividades prácticas que incorporaran la generación y análisis de datos genómicos utilizando el secuenciador Oxford Nanopore MinION. Esta iniciativa respondió a la desconexión existente entre los procesos experimentales y el análisis bioinformático, que limitaba la comprensión integral del diagnóstico molecular.
Herramientas objetivas de evaluación funcional y sensorial para la neuropatia periférica inducida por quimioterapia en las extremidades inferiores: un scoping review
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Medicina, 2026) Ruíz Riquelme, Francisca Andrea; Araya Castro, Paulina
Antecedentes: La neuropatía periférica inducida por quimioterapia (NPIQ) es una toxicidad frecuente en oncología, asociada a dolor, alteraciones sensoriales, déficits motores y deterioro de la calidad de vida. Su evaluación se ha basado en escalas de auto informe, las cuales presentan variabilidad subjetiva y sensibilidad limitada para detectar cambios sutiles en la función neuromuscular. Asimismo, la heterogeneidad de las herramientas objetivas de evaluación dificulta la aplicación clínica. Objetivo: Mapear y sintetizar herramientas objetivas de evaluación funcional, sensorial y clínicas/semiobjetivas utilizadas para evaluar la NPIQ en extremidades inferiores en personas adultas con cáncer. Método: Se realizó un Scoping Review siguiendo las directrices del Instituto Joanna Briggs (JBI) y reportado conforme a PRISMA-ScR. Se efectuaron búsquedas sistemáticas en PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL y Google Scholar entre 2015 y 2025. Se incluyeron estudios en adultos con cáncer que utilizaran herramientas objetivas para evaluar NPIQ. Los instrumentos identificados fueron clasificados mediante matrices estructuradas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 192 artículos, identificándose tres categorías principales de instrumentos: pruebas funcionales, destacando Timed Up and Go, 6-Minute Walk Test y 5x Sit-to-Stand; herramientas sensoriales objetivas, predominando estudios de conducción nerviosa, umbral vibratorio y quantitative sensory testing (QST); y medidas clínicas/semiobjetivas principalmente Total Neuropathy Score (TNSc, TNSr) y National Cancer Institute–Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE). Se reportaron las características bibliométricas y clínicas de la población evaluada. Conclusiones: Se identificaron y describieron las principales herramientas utilizadas para la evaluación de la NPIQ en extremidades inferiores. Este mapeo permite organizar la evidencia y aportando información relevante para apoyar la toma de decisiones clínicas y el desarrollo de futuras investigaciones en rehabilitación oncológica.