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Comparación de la Distracción Condilar Pre y Post Tratamiento Ortodóncico en Pacientes Clase II con Extracción de Primeros Premolares Superiores e Inferiores
(2025) Rodríguez-Hornig, Patricio; Muñoz-Díaz, Alicia; Azúa-Retamal, Javiera; Valenzuela-Chaigneau, Bolivar; Belkner-Cinquemani, Mark; Valenzuela-Chaigneau, Francisco; Pérez-Díaz, Andrea
El rol de la oclusión y su relación con las alteraciones funcionales del sistema masticatorio continúa siendo un tema de interés clínico y científico. La evidencia disponible es contradictoria ya que, algunos estudios respaldan una asociación entre los factores oclusales y los trastornos temporomandibulares (TTM), mientras que otros no encuentran dicha relación. Un aspecto clave a considerar en el diagnóstico y la planificación del tratamiento ortodóncico es la
posición del cóndilo mandibular en la cavidad articular, especialmente considerando que uno de los principales objetivos terapéuticos es lograr estabilidad posterior al tratamiento. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la magnitud de la distracción condilar antes y después del tratamiento de ortodoncia en pacientes Clase II con indicación de extracción de los primeros premolares superiores e inferiores. La muestra fue seleccionada mediante muestreo aleatorio simple desde la Clínica del Postítulo de Ortodoncia de la Universidad del Desarrollo, sin restricciones de edad ni sexo. La evaluación de la distracción condilar se realizó antes y después del tratamiento, mediante montaje en articulador, registros de máxima intercuspidación (MIC) y de relación céntrica (RC). Se utilizó el Sistema de Medición de Posición Condilar (CPI) para cuantificar la magnitud del desplazamiento en los planos sagital, vertical y transversal. Los datos fueron procesados en Microsoft Excel, utilizando estadística descriptiva y prueba t de Student para el análisis comparativo. Los resultados no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la posición condilar antes y después del tratamiento ortodóncico.
Sin embargo, se observaron hallazgos de relevancia clínica. Si bien los resultados son consistentes con la literatura existente, no son extrapolables a la población chilena debido al tamaño limitado de la muestra.
Patterns of brain activity in choice or instructed go and no-go tasks
(2025) Attaripour, Sanaz; McGurrin, Patrick; Vial Undurraga, Felipe; Hallett, Mark
The goal of this study was to investigate the decision making process for choosing what movements to make. We used electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate patterns of the contingent negative variation (CNV) associated with free-choice decisions to move or abstain, comparing them to conditions where actions were commanded. Our primary hypothesis was that choice tasks would differ significantly from each other and exhibit EEG patterns akin to their command-driven counterparts after the decisions were made, at least, in the 50 ms block of time prior to movement. A secondary analysis evaluated post hoc comparisons of time, in 50 ms blocks, to understand the temporal development of the CNV for each condition. We also conducted an exploratory analysis of EEG event-related desynchronization (ERD) to identify patterns of brain activity associated with the decision-making process. This approach was taken due to the exploratory nature of our hypotheses concerning the spatial and temporal characteristics of EEG activity during these free-choice versus commanded tasks. We studied 12 right-handed healthy volunteers (7 women, mean age 53 years, range 39-73 years) with no prior history of neurological or major psychiatric illness. A CNV paradigm encompassing commanded and choice tasks was devised, with a 2500 ms interval between S1 and S2, while recording EEG and electromyography (EMG). S1 provided full information about the upcoming task, which was to be executed at the time of S2. We assessed CNV and explored whole scalp EEG activity, including both voltage as well as power in the alpha and beta frequency ranges. Clear and similar CNVs were observed for command and choice go tasks prior to the movements, contrasting with near-zero CNVs for the command and choice no-go tasks. Separation of CNVs for command go and no-go tasks occurred around 1600 ms post-S1, and choice CNVs separated about 2150 ms post-S1. Exploratory analysis revealed that beta power provided information about decision and preparation processes much earlier. The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) exhibited the initial sign of decision approximately 500 ms post-S1 for all tasks, with subsequent preparation for movement or restraint involving distinct activity in various brain regions. The localization of effects in the left DLPFC was determined by visual analysis of the informative electrode sites. The CNVs separate about 2 s after S1, and it appears that this process represents preparation for movement (or no movement). Exploration of the beta activity suggests an earlier decision process which leads eventually to subsequent task preparation and activation. Choice decisions lag slightly behind command decisions, with the CNV apparently reflecting motor implementation rather than the decision-making process. In a simple motor task with an exploratory analysis, both commanded and choice-based decisions are rapidly initiated in the left DLPFC. While the CNV distinguishes between go and no-go conditions, it primarily appears to signify preparation for implementation of the task following the earlier decision. Further controlled studies will be needed to confirm these results.
Evidence-based clinical standard for the diagnosis and treatment of invasive lung aspergillosis in the patient with oncohematologic disease
(2025) Cortés, Jorge; Rodríguez, Diego; Valderrama, Martha; Rabagliati, Ricardo; Capone, Domenico; Álvarez, Carlos; Varón, Fabio; Nocua, Laura; Diaz, Cándida; Enciso, Leonardo; Cuervo, Sonia; Thompson, Luis; Corzo, Dora; Cuéllar, Luis; Vergara, Erika; Riera, Fernando; Cornejo, Patricia; Rojas, Rita; Gómez, Beatriz; Celis, Adriana; Sandoval, José; Sarmiento, Mauricio; Ochoa, Diana; Nucci, Marcio
Aspergillosis is a disease caused by the filamentous fungus Aspergillus spp. with a spectrum of clinical presentation that includes invasive and noninvasive forms. The invasive clinical presentation of aspergillosis most frequently affects people with compromised immune systems. In patients with oncohematologic pathology, invasive lung aspergillosis is a significant opportunistic mycosis, because it occurs frequently and has a major impact on morbidity, mortality, and high costs. The global problem of antimicrobial resistance, to which improper use of antifungals contributes, has put Aspergilus spp. in the spotlight, so it is important to generate guidelines for guidance in the proper use of antifungals in the management of invasive lung aspergillosis, to obtain better clinical outcomes and promote rational use of antifungals. This guideline contains recommendations for diagnosing and treating invasive lung aspergillosis in patients with oncohematologic disease, based on evidence and defined through a participatory process of expert consensus, for the Latin American context.
Tunneling of facial approaches for resection and reconstruction of benign mandibular lesions: a report of two cases
(2025) Tapia, Pedro; Reyes, Christopher; Zeballos, Jessica; Schälchli, Micaela; Ossandón-Zúñiga, Benjamín; Flores, María-José; Barrientos, Camilo; Steffens, Enrique
In the field of mandibular reconstruction, multiple treatment options and surgical approaches are available. Most techniques require extensive incisions across the face and neck to visualize, resect and reconstruct large mandibular defects. These approaches are associated with greater aesthetic compromise and an increased risk of injury to neurovascular structures. The aim of the present study is to introduce alternative facial approaches using tunneled dissection techniques, which allow for the resection and reconstruction of extensive mandibular defects involving the body, ramus, and temporomandibular joint.
Uso de isoflavonas como tratamiento alternativo para disminución del riesgo osteoporosis de mujeres en climaterio
(2026) Valenzuela, Katalina; Alvarado, Nadia; Lavoz, Kevin; Levin, Stephania; Ojeda, Francisca; Rojas, Daniela; Hernández, Alejandro
Introducción: La disminución estrogénica propia del climaterio es un factor que puede gatillar la aparición de osteoporosis postmenopáusica, una patología con una alta incidencia que se trata de prevenir evitando la reducción de la densidad mineral ósea. Para esta prevención existen diversas estrategias terapéuticas, donde la terapia hormonal de la menopausia constituye una opción utilizable. Sin embargo, este tratamiento presenta un alto costo y además no todas las mujeres tienen la posibilidad de utilizarlo, dado las reacciones adversas o antecedentes médicos que lo contraindican. Desarrollo: Las isoflavonas son un compuesto de origen vegetal, pero con propiedades funcionales y estructurales similares al estrógeno, situándolo como alternativa terapéutica para disminuir el riesgo de osteoporosis. Conclusión: Plantear posibilidad de tratamiento con el uso de isoflavonas generaría el punto de partida para futuros estudios y de esta manera permitir el desarrollo de nuevos protocolos, políticas públicas y guías clínicas.
Introduction: The estrogen decline characteristic of menopause is a factor that can trigger the onset of postmenopausal osteoporosis, a highly prevalent condition that is prevented by avoiding the reduction of bone mineral density. Various therapeutic strategies exist for this prevention, with menopausal hormone therapy being one viable option. However, this treatment is expensive, and not all women can use it due to adverse reactions or contraindications. Development: Isoflavones are plant-derived compounds with functional and structural properties like estrogen, positioning them as a therapeutic alternative to reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Conclusion: Exploring the possibility of treatment with isoflavones would provide a starting point for future studies, thus enabling the development of new protocols, public policies, and clinical guidelines.
Multicultural Spanish adaptation of the Global Consensus Statement on Simulation-Based Practice in Healthcare
(2025) Armijo-Rivera, Soledad; Camps Gómez, Aida; Prudencio Palomino, Carla; Díaz-Guio, Diego Andrés; Olmo Ferrer, Diego; Díaz Navarro, Cristina
Introduction: The recent creation of a Global Consensus Statement on simulation-based practice has provided the international community with a shared framework, albeit originally written in English. A translated and culturally adapted version in Spanish, accounting for the diverse uses of the language, was essential.
Objective: To produce a culturally appropriate translation into Latin American Spanish through a consensus of bilingual experts from multiple countries.
Method: Formal authorization was obtained from the authors of the original article. A team of four simulation experts from Argentina, Chile, Colombia, and Spain, along with two bilingual experts residing in Wales and England, was assembled. An initial draft was generated using generative artificial intelligence. This was followed by iterative and collaborative human revisions, considering potential meanings, usage, interpretations, and linguistic appropriateness, until the final version was completed.
Results: The document summarizes the current state of simulation practice, global challenges and ethical considerations for its implementation, as well as areas of interest for developing recommendations. It concludes with nine key strategies for effective simulation implementation and a call to action with specific guidance for organizational leaders, healthcare systems, educational institutions, and simulation practitioners.
Conclusions: This Global Consensus provides essential guidance for simulation practice in Spanish-speaking countries.
Epidemiology and associated injury risk factors in figure skating: A systematic review
(2025) Schmidt, Natasha T.; Janse van Rensburg, Dina C.; Schoeman, Marlene; Besomi, Manuela; Jansen van Rensburg, Audrey; Garnett, Daniel; Scheepers, Susan; Viljoen, Carel
Objectives
To identify and critically appraise the available evidence on injury epidemiology and risk factors in figure skating.
Design
Systematic review.
Methods
Eight electronic databases were searched from inception to 01 November 2023. Studies were included if they reported injury epidemiology and/or injury risk factors in figure skating. Non-English publications were excluded. Risk of Bias of included studies was assessed using the QUIPS tool (quality in prognostic factor studies).
Results
This systematic review identified twenty-nine studies (n = 4202 figure skaters), with an injury prevalence of 2.1 %–34 %. An injury incidence of 1.37 injuries/1000 total training hours was reported in one study (n = 8). Three significant intrinsic risk factors (older age, previous history of stress fracture and a higher body mass) and eight significant extrinsic risk factors (training more than 12 sessions per week, skipping meals, RED-s indicators, hamstring and quadriceps immobility, training rather than competing, increased time on-ice time and boot-foot length difference) were identified from individual studies. Age, as the most studied risk factor, requires careful interpretation due to study design limitations.
Limitations
Existing data lacks quality of evidence and current reported injury risk factors in figure skating should be interpreted with caution.
Conclusions
High-quality research of injuries and injury risk factors in figure skating is scarce. The inconsistent reporting of injury data across the currently available literature due to variations in injury definition and data collection methods makes it difficult to compare and draw conclusions. A critical need exists for standardized research approaches to accurately determine the true burden of injury in this sport.
Tasa de mortalidad por síndrome de Guillain-Barré: un análisis epidemiológico del período 2016-2024 en Chile
(2026) González, Emilia; Román, Camila; Donoso, Andrea; Cofré, Anahí; Nathan, Dominique
Introducción: Tras la erradicación de la poliomielitis, el síndrome de Guillain-Barré se ha convertido en la principal causa de parálisis flácida aguda en el mundo. Se estima una incidencia mundial de 1-2 casos por 100.000 personas al año. Objetivo: Caracterizar la tasa de mortalidad por el síndrome de Guillain-Barré en Chile entre 2016-2024. Metodología: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo y de base poblacional con información del Departamento de Estadística e Información en Salud e Instituto Nacional de Estadística, sobre defunciones con código G61.0 del CIE-10, según variables: sexo, edad, región y lugar de defunción. Resultado: La mayor mortalidad ocurrió en el año 2016 con 0,15/100.000 habitantes, en el sexo masculino con 0,13/100.000 habitantes,
el grupo etario de 80 y más años con 1,01/100.000 habitantes y la Región de Arica y Parinacota con 0,23/100.000 habitantes. Discusión: La mayor mortalidad por síndrome de Guillain-Barré durante 2016 podría asociarse a brotes de virus Zika en Latinoamérica. La mayor mortalidad en hombres podría asociarse a una respuesta inmunológica exacerbada. El grupo de 80 y más años podría atribuirse a acumulación de comorbilidades. La mayor mortalidad en Arica y Parinacota y La Araucanía podría relacionarse con la perteneciente a pueblos indígenas y con diferencias socioeconómicas respecto al promedio nacional. Conclusión: Se evidenció la necesidad de realizar estudios epidemiológicos, además de mejorar el acceso a atención de calidad y especializada en todas las regiones de Chile, lo que permitiría detectar y manejar de forma óptima y oportuna los casos de síndrome de Guillain-Barré, reduciendo la mortalidad.
Introduction: Following poliomyelitis eradication, Guillain-Barré syndrome has become the leading cause of acute flaccid paralysis worldwide. The global incidence is estimated at 1-2 cases per 100.000 people per year. Objective: To characterize the Guillain-Barré syndrome mortality rate in Chile during 2016-2024. Methodology: An observational, descriptive, retrospective, population-based study was conducted using data from the Department of Health Statistics and Information and the National Institute of Statistics on deaths coded as G61.0 in the ICD-10, according to the following variables: sex, age, region and place of death. Result: The highest mortality rate occurred in 2016 (0,15/100.000), in males (0,13/100.000), in the population aged 80 and older (1,01/100.000), and in the Arica y Parinacota Region (0,23/100.000). Discussion: The 2016 peak mortality rate could be associated with Latin American Zika virus outbreaks. Higher male mortality may link to an exacerbated immune response, while the 80 and older group findings could be attributed to accumulated comorbidities. The
higher mortality observed in the Arica y Parinacota and La Araucanía regions might relate to a higher proportion of indigenous population and socioeconomic disparities compared to the national average. Conclusion: This analysis highlights the need for further epidemiological studies and improved access to quality, specialized care across Chile to enable timely Guillain-Barré syndrome detection and management, ultimately reducing the mortality rate.
Continuous peripheral nerve blocks for pain control after orthopaedic surgery
(2025) Espinoza, Ana María; Leyton, Patricio A.; Robles, Marcia; Vargas, Javiera; Muñoz, Loreto A.
BACKGROUND Continuous peripheral nerve blocks (CPNB) provide an opioid-free alternative for pain control after orthopaedic surgery. However, postdischarge ambulatory patient care and follow-up concerns have prevented CPNB use at home.
OBJECTIVE To address physicians’ concerns about the outpatient use of CPNB.
DESIGN Prospective, cohort, observational study.
SETTING Single centre, teaching private hospital in Santiago, Chile, between July 2016 and March 2020.
PATIENTS We included patients aged at least 18 who underwent orthopaedic surgery using CPNB for postoperative pain management. Patients scheduled simultaneously for non-orthopedic surgery on the same event were excluded.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Pain scores, opioid use, and complication rates at both in-hospital and at-home sites.
RESULTS CPNB were provided as an analgesia plan in 497 patients who met inclusion criteria, and 387 (77.87%) were discharged home with this continuous analgesia. At 48 h, 70% of the patients reported no-worse-than-mild pain. Less than 3.1% of patients reported an episode of severe pain,
and less than 13% of the patients required opioid rescue medication. Transient neurological symptoms were observed in 13% (95% confidence interval (CI), 10.4 to 16.1) of the patients. No long-term or severe complications were observed. High rates of satisfaction were reached among patients.
CONCLUSION In-hospital and at-home use of CPNB supervised by a pain service team provides a feasible and safe alternative after orthopaedic surgery, pain control with a low requirement of opioids.
Reducing global inequities in medical oxygen access: the Lancet Global Health Commission on medical oxygen security
(2025) Graham, Hamish; King, Carina; Ehsanur , Ahmed; Kitutu, Freddy; Greenslade, Leith; Aqeel, Masooma; Baker, Tim; De Magalhães, Lucio; Campbell , Harry; Czischke, Karen; English, Mike; Falade, Adegoke; Garcia, Patricia; Gil, Mireia; Graham, Stephen; Gray, Amy; Howie, Stephen; Kissoon, Niranjan; Laxminarayan, Ramanan; Li Lin, Inês; Lipnick, Michael; Lowe, Dianne; Lowrance, David; McCollum, Eric; Mvalo, Tisungane; Oliwa, Jacquie; Swartling, Stefan; Shimeles, Rediet; Za, Heather; El Arifeen, Shams; Ssengooba, Freddie
Core practices of people management for active learning in higher education
(2026) Cea González, Pablo; Villacura-Avalos, Paula; Romero-Vidal, Alexandra; Sannino-Berríos, Daniela; Blaser, Michelle
This article identified key core practices for people management to support active learning in university education. Interviews were conducted with 16 professionals using a narrative approach. The analysis combined semantic coding techniques from grounded theory. The sample consisted of organizational psychologists with at least two years’ experience in people management in Chilean organizations. The functions were dichotomized into traditional and strategic using a function identification matrix based on Dave Ulrich’s people management role model. Semantic content analysis was applied for category grouping using open coding, with the support of Atlas.ti software. The analysis revealed that paradox management is a distinctive component of the studied role, activating two sets of practices: sustaining strategy and managing resources. The first focuses on strategic positioning, flexibility, and energy for action.
The second focuses on the effective management of resources, particularly those aimed at achieving objectives and fostering interpersonal relationships. These core practices bridge the gap between the educational and disciplinary functions and serve as the basis for active learning. Although core practices have been established in teaching and technology professions, their identification for people management functions is remains in its early stages.
Revisión sistemática para la construcción de un perfil de Competencias Docentes en el primer año de Educación Superior
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Psicología, 2025) Acevedo, Carlos; González Montenegro, Pablo; Reyes Reyes, Fernando
En Chile y el resto de Latinoamérica, el aumento progresivo de la matrícula en Educación Superior no ha ido acompañado de mayores tasas de titulación, sino de una disminución en la retención y persistencia en el primer año. Esto resalta la importancia de las estrategias institucionales desplegadas para adecuar las prácticas docentes en función de las relaciones establecidas con los estudiantes, para lo que resulta fundamental identificar las competencias docentes que fomentan la adherencia de los estudiantes en su primer año formativo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo revisar los estudios en torno al perfil de competencias docentes en educación superior a nivel internacional. Se realizó una revisión sistemática PRISMA que incluyó 21 artículos de WOS, utilizando los términos Teaching skills y Teaching abilities en Educación Superior. Se encontraron estudios que analizan el impacto de las competencias docentes en el proceso formativo, así como perfiles específicos para las áreas de salud y ciencias sociales. Además, algunos estudios evaluaron la percepción sobre los programas de capacitación docente y su efectividad. Los hallazgos sugieren la necesidad de profundizar en las características compartidas por los docentes universitarios desde una identidad pedagógica, distinguiendo los roles que desempeñan según el nivel formativo en la educación superior
Myocardial perfusion imaging in advanced coronary artery disease
(2025) Hoek, Roel; Van Diemen, Pepijn; Somsen, Yvemarie; De Winter, Ruben W.; Jukema, Ruurt; Dahdal, Jorge; Raijmakers, Pieter; Driessen, Roel; Danad, Ibrahim; Knaapen, Paul
Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is widely adapted as a noninvasive technique to assess the presence and extent of ischemia in patients with symptoms suggestive of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). However, as CAD advances, several factors can complicate the interpretation of MPI, subsequently impacting clinical decision-making. This review focuses on the utility of MPI by means of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with advanced CAD-the latter characterized by documented CAD (i.e. prior myocardial infarction [MI] and/or percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI]), prior coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or the presence of a chronic total occlusion (CTO). It will discuss factors impacting the interpretation of MPI, the diagnostic performance for detecting obstructive CAD and coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), as well as the role of MPI in guiding revascularization.
The Presence of Associated Injuries in Pediatric Radial Neck Fractures: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis of Pooled Individual Patient Data
(2025) Langenberg, Lisette; Benner, Joyce; Bernal, Nazira; Van Bergen, Christiaan; Colaris, Joost
Background: Pediatric radial neck fractures (pRNFs) can occur in isolation or in association with concomitant injuries. It is unknown whether the presence of associated injuries should influence the choice of treatment. The aim of this study is to assess the incidence of associated injuries in pRNF and their correlation with fracture angulation (Judet grade) or the patient's age (under or over ten years of age). Methods: A systematic literature review was performed following PRISMA-IPD guidelines, including case series on pRNF with a minimum of five cases of children until 16 years of age. The quality assessment included a risk of bias analysis and evaluation using the MINORS criteria. Individual patient data on age, Judet classification and associated injuries were extracted from the included studies and pooled for the meta-analysis. The correlation between the presence of associated injury and the patient's age or Judet classification was depicted in two forest plots. Results: A total of 20 articles published sufficient individual patient data (n = 371) on associated injuries. All but one were retrospective case series. Fifteen articles had MINORS scores of 8 or higher. The incidence of associated injuries was 33% (123 of 371 cases). Almost half of the associated injuries included an olecranon fracture (61/123). There was no correlation between Judet classification (p = 0.243) and incidence nor between patient age and the incidence of associated injuries (p = 0.694). Conclusions: Surgeons should be aware of potential associated injuries in over a third of pRNF cases, regardless of the patient's age or fracture angulation. Deduction of the trauma mechanism may be a more useful tool for assessing the potential presence of associated injuries than the most frequently used fracture classification or the patient's age. More research is needed regarding the requirements for enhanced diagnostic imaging, specific treatment or follow-up adaptations in children with pRNFs and associated injuries.
Test de Aprendizaje y Desarrollo Infantil (TADI): Evidencia adicional de su validez a nivel poblacional
(2025) Edwards, Marta; Armijo, Iván; Schonhaut, Luisa; Godoy, María Inés; Valdés, Antonia
El “Test de Aprendizaje y Desarrollo Infantil” (TADI) es una escala de tamizaje del desarrollo para niños/as de 6 a 72 meses construida en Chile. Objetivo: Determinar la validez de la primera edición de TADI muestra nivel poblacional. Metodología: Análisis psicométrico secundario de una muestra de 11.283 niños/as chilenos que participaron de la Encuesta Longitudinal de Primera Infancia (ELPI) 2012. Se evaluó validez convergente mediante el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC), verificado mediante Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE). Se consideraron variables sociales para la validez de constructo. Para la validez concurrente, sensibilidad, especificidad y correlación se tomaron como referencias las pruebas Battelle Developmental Inventory Segunda Edición (BDI-2) y el Test de Vo-cabulario en Imágenes Peabody (TVIP). Resultados: De los niños evaluados, 12,6% se categorizó en Retraso o Riesgo de Retraso, y 17,3% en categoría Alerta. El AFC arrojó buenos niveles de ajuste del modelo propuesto para los datos de la escala, en particular a edades mayores. El AFE reveló patrones diferentes para distintos rangos etarios. El TADI se correlacionó significativamente con los factores socioeconómicos, como la presencia de materiales de aprendizaje en el hogar, el nivel educativo del cuidador principal, el ingreso económico y la respuesta emocional de la madre. Se encontró corre-lación moderadamente positiva del TADI con el BDI-2 y el TVIP, con sensibilidad y especificidad cercanos a 0,70 al incluir la categoría Alerta. Conclusiones: Los adecuados valores psicométricos del TADI en una muestra poblacional ratifican su validez como instrumento de tamizaje del desarrollo de niños/as pequeños en Chile.
Development of an artificial intelligence powered software for automated analysis of skeletal muscle ultrasonography
(2025) Calulo, Zoe; González Seguel, Felipe; Horikawa, Arimitsu; Granger, Catherine; Sarwal, Aarti; Dha, Sanjay; Ntoumenopoulos, George; Chen, Jin; Bumgardner, V K; Parry, Selina; Mayer, Kirby; Wen, Yuan
Muscle ultrasound has high utility in clinical practice and research; however, the main challenges are the training and time required for manual analysis to achieve objective quantification of muscle size and quality. We aimed to develop and validate a software tool powered by artificial intelligence (AI) by measuring its consistency and comparability of expert manual analysis quantifying lower limb muscle ultrasound images. Quadriceps complex (QC) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscle images of healthy, intensive care unit, and/or lung cancer participants were captured with portable devices. Manual analyses of muscle size and quality were performed by experienced physiotherapists taking approximately 24 h to analyze all 180 images, while automated analyses were performed using a custom-built deep-learning model (MyoVision-US), taking 247 s (saving time = 99.8%). Consistency between the manual and automated analyses was good to excellent for all QC (ICC = 0.85-0.99) and TA (ICC = 0.93-0.99) measurements, even for critically ill (ICC = 0.91-0.98) and lung cancer (ICC = 0.85-0.99) images. The comparability of MyoVision-US was moderate to strong for QC (adj. R2 = 0.56-0.94) and TA parameters (adj. R2 = 0.81-0.97). The application of AI automating lower limb muscle ultrasound analyses showed excellent consistency and strong comparability compared with human analysis across healthy, acute, and chronic population.
Planes de desarrollo profesional docente en la educación secundaria técnico-profesional en Chile. ¿Instrumento administrativo o estrategia de aprendizaje profesional situada?
(2025) Maureira Cabrera, Oscar; Muñoz-Reyes, Máximo; Rojas Jara, Armando
El Desarrollo Profesional Docente (DPD), situado en necesidades institucionales, para mejorar prácticas pedagógicas se torna relevante como prioridad en el quehacer del liderazgo directivo y medio. El siguiente estudio tiene como propósito analizar las características de los Planes Locales de DPD en una muestra de nueve centros de educación secundaria técnico-profesional en Chile, considerando sus dimensiones estructurales,
prioridades directivas y coherencia interna. Se adopta un enfoque cualitativo, empleando técnicas de análisis documental, rúbrica sobre la calidad de los planes y análisis de discurso. Los resultados muestran que los planes hacen referencia a la normativa (Ley 20.903) y conectan con Proyectos Educativos Institucionales, estos no incluyen datos sobre necesidades docentes ni evidencias del impacto en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. El trabajo colaborativo y reflexión pedagógica son implementadas inconsistentemente. Se concluye que, si bien los Planes de DPD cumplen con requisitos administrativos, no necesariamente aportan al fortalecimiento de las prácticas pedagógicas.
Return-to-sport tests: Do they reduce risk of re-rupture after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction?
(2025) Figueroa, David; Gonzalez, Waldo; Landea, Daniela; Tapia, Camila; Erskine, Daniela
Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is one of the most common knee injuries. Despite the effectiveness of reconstruction, re-rupture rates of up to 15 % have been reported. Static and dynamic test of strength and movement control have been used to determine when return to sports (RTS) is appropriate.
Objective: To determine whether successfully passing return to sport (RTS) tests reduces the re-rupture rate.
Methods: Retrospective cohort study. Patients who underwent ACL reconstruction (ACLR) from June 2018 to May 2023, and who performed RTS tests after rehabilitation, were analyzed. Patients who, in addition to ACLR, underwent extra-articular tenodesis, osteotomy, or multiligament injuries were excluded. RTS tests included the following: repeat sprint ability, dynamic valgus, proagility, unilateral counter movement jump (CMJ), isokinetic, triple hop test, and functional movement screen (FMS). All statistical analyses were performed with STATA version 18.0.
Results: Ninety five patients underwent RTS tests after ACLR, with a follow-up time of 27.8 months. 71.6 % of patients were men with a mean age of 25.15 ± 10.7 years. The overall re-rupture rate was 13.68 % (13 patients). When comparing patients who passed and did not pass the RTS tests, there were no differences by sex (p = 0.06) or age (p = 0.11). The only statistically significant difference between the groups was the mean risk score (passed: 11.5 ± 0.7 vs. not passed: 15.5 ± 2.1; p < 0.001). Patients with re-rupture were more likely to be from the non-passed group (passed: 0 % v/s not passed: 18.1 %; p = 0.03), with a statistical power of 0.70.
Conclusion: Our records show that passing RTS test after an ACLR could guarantee the absence of re-rupture in the medium term.
Latin American association for the study of the liver (ALEH) guidance on postoperative care after liver transplantation
(2025) Codes, Liana; Zapata, Rodrigo; Mendizabal, Manuel; De Medeiros, Alfeu; De Lucca, Leonardo; Sá, Luiz; Andraus, Wellington; Gadano, Adrian; Padilla, Martin; Villamil, Alejandra; Silveira, Raquel; Castro, Graciela; Pages, Josefina; Terrabuio, Debora; Urzúa, Alvaro; Guimarães, Mário; Mainardi, Victoria; Pedro, Rodolpho; Imventarza, Oscar; Gerona, Solange; Wolff, Rodrigo; Abdala, Edson; Tenorio, Laura; Cerda, Eira; Cairo, Fernando; Uribe, Mario; Lisboa, Paulo; Members of ALEH Special Interest Group on Liver Transplantation
Liver transplantation (LT) is a well-established therapy for patients with decompensated cirrhosis and early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver transplantation activity varies sharply across Latin American (LATAM) countries due to differences in resources, expertise, and funding and local attitudes toward organ donation and transplantation. This current guidance of postoperative care after LT is the first position paper of the Latin American Association for the Study of the Liver (ALEH) Special Interest Group (SIG), drawing evidence-based recommendations regarding immediate and long-term postoperative care of LT recipients, taking into consideration their applicability in Latin America.
Evidencias epidemiológicas de los egresos hospitalarios por displasia del cuello uterino entre 2021-2024 en Chile
(2026) Marín, María; Caballero, Ignacio; Belén, María; Cisternas, Karen; Cisneros, Fernanda; Ceballos, Mikaela
Introducción: La displasia del cuello uterino es una lesión precursora del cáncer del cuello uterino, neoplasia maligna que constituye un desafío de salud pública a nivel mundial. En el país, pese a la existencia de programas de prevención y tamizaje, sigue siendo una patología prevalente y su estudios epidemiológicos actualizados son limitados. Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento de la tasa de egreso hospitalario por displasia del cuello uterino entre 2021 y 2024 en Chile, calcular la tasa según grupo etario y determinar el promedio de estadía hospitalaria total y por grupo etario. Metodología: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal, basado en el análisis censal de los registros del Departamento de Estadística e Información en Salud y del Instituto Nacional
de Estadísticas de Chile. Las variables analizadas fueron año, grupo etario y estadía hospitalaria. Resultado: Entre 2021 y 2024 se registraron 11.181 egresos hospitalarios por displasia del cuello uterino en Chile. Las mujeres de 20 a 44 años concentraron la mayor tasa hospitalaria (55,05 por cada 100.000 habitantes), mientras que las mujeres de 80 años o más presentaron las estadías hospitalarias más prolongadas (2,37 días promedio). Discusión: Las tasas más elevadas en grupos jóvenes podrían asociarse a factores de riesgo modificables. La estadía hospitalaria aumenta con la edad, lo que podría explicarse por distintos factores. Conclusión: Los hallazgos sugieren la necesidad de fortalecer y focalizar las estrategias de tamizaje, lo que podría reducir la carga hospitalaria en los grupos actualmente más susceptibles a estadías prolongadas por displasia del cuello uterino.
Introduction: Cervical dysplasia is a precursor lesion of cervical cancer, a malignant neoplasm that constitutes a global public health challenge. In Chile, despite the existence of prevention and screening programs, it is still a prevalent pathology and updated epidemiological studies are limited. Objective: To describe the behavior of hospital discharge rate due to cervical dysplasia between 2021 and 2024 in Chile, to calculate the rate according to age group, and to determine the average total hospital stay and by age group. Methodology: Observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study, based on census analysis of the Department of Health Statistics and Information and the National Institute of Statistics of Chile registries. The variables analyzed were year, age group, and hospital stay. Result: Between 2021 and 2024, 11.181 hospital discharges due to cervical dysplasia were registered in Chile. Women aged 20 to 44 years had the highest hospital rate (55,05 per 100.000 inhabitants), while women aged 80 years or older had the longest hospital stays (2,37 days on average). Discussion: Higher rates in young groups could be associated with modifiable risk factors. Hospital stay increases with age, which could be explained by different factors. Conclusion: The findings suggest the need to strengthen and focus screening strategies, which could reduce the hospital burden in the groups currently most susceptible to prolonged
stays due to cervical dysplasia.