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Therapeutic Alternatives of Buccal Mucosa Grafting in Extraoral Reconstructions: a Case of Fournier's Gangrene
(2025) Tapia Contreras, Pedro; Sarzosa Enrriquez, Marcelo; Matus-Miranda, Gustavo; Pizzi Lazo, Pablo; Díaz-Abarza, Sofía; Jollán-Peña, Florencia
Buccal mucosal grafts are versatile in medical practice, documented minimally despite potential in otolaryngology, ophthalmology, dermatology, plastic surgery and urology. They offer advantages such as being hairless, easily obtained, and infection-resistant, with a thin, highly vascularized epithelial layer aiding absorption and reducing contracture risk. Complications from oral donor sites, like pain and sensory changes, are known, relevant in conditions such as Fournier's gangrene, necessitating urgent surgical intervention and often reconstruction. We present a case report of a 45-year-old male with Fournier's gangrene treated jointly by urology and maxillofacial surgery. Buccal mucosal grafts were harvested from the inner cheek mucosa for simultaneous urethral reconstruction. The procedure preserved the parotid duct, obtaining a graft comprising mucosal, submucosal, and glandular tissues, applied to the urethral defect with bovine dermis coverage. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, with successful catheter removal in 2 weeks and complete donor site healing in 6 months. Buccal mucosal grafts prove effective in complex reconstruction, offering structural integrity and minimal morbidity. Despite challenges like graft contraction and limited tissue availability in severe cases, buccal mucosal grafts are favored for reliability and patient satisfaction in reconstructive needs, notably urethral reconstruction. The evidence shows a high success rate in most of the uses of buccal mucosal grafts, so it is recommended as an effective and safe graft for extraoral reconstructions, particularly urethral reconstruction, where the Maxillofacial Surgeon is part of the interdisciplinary team. Awareness of potential complications and procedural limitations ensures optimal outcomes and patient care.
MPOX como imitador clínico de molusco contagioso
(2025) Navea, Oscar; Pérez-Wilson, Jaime; Calderón, Daniela; Navea, María Belén
Paciente masculino de 34 años consultó por lesiones genitales de 2 días de evolución luego de un contacto sexual 8 días antes. El examen físico reveló tres pápulas blanquecinas y umbilicadas en glande, prepucio y pubis; y una úlcera en prepucio. Las pruebas iniciales resultaron negativas, pero una prueba de PCR confirmó infección por MPOX. El MPOX es una enfermedad zoonótica, con alza de contagios desde el 2016 y un brote declarado emergencia de salud pública en 2022. La transmisión principal ocurre a través de contacto directo con secreciones o lesiones, afectando principalmente a hombres que tienen sexo con hombres. Destacamos la posibilidad de confusión diagnóstica con el molusco contagioso, especialmente en etapas iniciales. En Chile, se han reportado 1.441 casos confirmados de MPOX, siendo este uno de los pocos casos reportados en la literatura con presentación inicial de lesiones molusco-contagioso-like en el área genital
Muscle Dysfunction and Physical Recovery After Critical Illness
(2025) Mart, Matthew F.; Gordon, Joshua I.; González-Seguel, Felipe; Mayer, Kirby P.; Brummel, Nathan
During critical illness, patients experience significant and rapid onsets of muscle wasting and dysfunction with loss of strength, mass, and power. These deficits often persist long after the ICU, leading to impairments in physical function including reduced exercise capacity and increased frailty and disability. While there are numerous studies describing the epidemiology of impaired muscle and physical function in the ICU, there are significantly fewer data investigating mechanisms of prolonged and persistent impairments in ICU survivors. Additionally, while several potential clinical risk factors associated with poor physical recovery have been identified, there remains a dearth of interventions that have effectively improved outcomes long-term among survivors. In this article, we aim to provide a thorough, evidence-based review of the current state of knowledge regarding muscle dysfunction and physical function after critical illness with a focus on post-ICU and post-hospitalization phase of recovery.
Longitudinal changes in striatocortical connectivity in first-episode psychosis associated with the emergence of treatment resistance
(2025) Tepper, Angeles; Vásquez, Javiera; Díaz, Camila; Ramirez, Juan; Aguirre, Juan; Barbagelata, Daniella; Aceituno, David; Undurraga, Juan; Nachar, Ruben; Mena, Cristian; McCutcheon, Robert; McGuire, Philip; Gonzalez, Alfonso; Crossley, Nicolas
Treatment resistance affects up to one in four individuals with psychosis in the first few years of illness. However, there is limited information about the brain changes associated with treatment resistance, restricting our ability to develop effective prognostic biomarkers or new treatments. Using resting-state functional MRI, we examined striatocortical connectivity in 87 patients who presented a non-affective first-episode of psychosis and 118 healthy controls, with follow-up imaging on more than half of the participants in the next 6 years, totaling 361 images. Crucially, we identified 30 patients who presented treatment-resistant psychosis in this follow-up period. Thus, we examined baseline (at first episode) and longitudinal striatocortical differences within psychosis subgroups (treatment-responsive and treatment-resistant psychosis), and between patients subgroups and healthy controls. Compared to healthy controls, participants with treatment-responsive psychosis presented baseline differences in functional connectivity of ventral striatal systems, without changes over time; whereas patients with treatment-resistant psychosis showed both baseline and longitudinal differences in ventral striatal systems, compared to healthy controls. Treatment-responsive and treatment-resistant psychosis groups differed in longitudinal changes in connectivity between ventral striatal and temporal cortical regions. This is one of the circuits which has been previously related to symptom improvements in patients with first-episode of psychosis. No baseline differences were observed between the two psychosis groups. Overall, treatment-resistant psychosis is characterized by longitudinal changes in striatal systems in early psychosis, which might be used as the basis of future prognostic biomarkers.
Changes in teachers' constructivist beliefs from teacher education programs into the first years teaching in Chile
(2025) Ortúzar, Soledad; Driscoll, Trevor; Mondaca-Rojas, Carlos
Teaching effectiveness can be improved by understanding what shapes teachers' beliefs and attitudes. This study focuses on constructivist beliefs, which are considered to foster quality, student- centered instruction. The study analyzes the extent to which early career teachers hold constructivist beliefs and how these beliefs may change from when they are studying in their teacher education programs to when they begin teaching in Chilean schools. The study uses a mixed-method explanatory sequentia design with a sample of 101 beginning teachers in schools. They were surveyed twice: once when they were in the final years of their teacher education programs, and again in their first years of teaching. Their orientation towards constructivist beliefs decreased, but there are differences in the results depending on the background characteristics of the teachers, the teacher education program characteristics, the teachers' beliefs, and the characteristics of the school where they started teaching.
Designing freedom: Allende, Pinochet and the twin experiments in cyber-socialism and neoliberalism
(2025) Lehto, Otto; Paniagua, Pablo
During the twentieth century, cybernetics became entangled with the socialistand neoliberal transformations in Latin America. Both socialists and market lib-erals appealed to cybernetic ideas about multi-level decentralization and adaptivecontrol to coordinate society and promote welfare. By analyzing Chile as a casestudy, we explore the twin experiments of cyber-socialism and neoliberalismrooted in modernism and oscillating between top-down design and partial (con-strained) decentralization. We show that the modernist and cybernetic ideas of‘designing freedom’ influenced the Allende administration (1970–1973) and thePinochet regime (1973–1990). The former experimented with cyber-socialismthrough Project Cybersyn, and the latter with authoritarian neoliberalism. Focus-ing on the work of cybernetic scholars Stafford Beer and F.A. Hayek, we compareboth regimes’ different but partially overlapping approaches to the design of con-strained freedom. Several features of modernist thinking and cybernetics explainboth experiments’ appeal and shortcomings. These lessons are relevant for con-temporary debates about the future of liberal democracy, the information societyand the compatibility of freedom with artificial intelligence (AI).
Sobre el arraigo: Heidegger y el habitar poético
(2025) Villarino Fresno, Pedro
Para la crítica heideggeriana, el devenir de la metafísica tradicional ha supuesto un «olvido del ser», a partir del cual se ha seguido una pérdida de arraigo en la tierra por parte del hombre. En los escritos tardíos de Martin Heidegger asomaría el vínculo entre el advenimiento del «pensar calculador y tecnificador», sello característico de la Modernidad, y la imposibilidad de poder erigir un habitar originario y propiamente humano. Desde el Heidegger de Ser y tiempo es posible comenzar a vislumbrar que la posibilidad de revitalizar un arraigo que se condiga con la esencia misma del Dasein, y desde allí enarbolar una ética para con las cosas y el mundo, se revela en su misma vida diaria, el espacio desde donde el hombre puede re-fundar su manera de estar-en-el-mundo. De forma complementaria, pensadores contemporáneos como Byung Chul-Han han reivindicado no solo la serenidad heideggeriana, sino también la inactividad, el resguardo de los ritos y la apertura al reconocimiento del otro de cara a la construcción de dicho arraigo. El siguiente artículo busca abrir la reflexión hacia las raíces en las que se sienta nuestro «estar-en», reconociendo en ello la dimensión sagrada que subyace a la existencia humana.
La abolición de la política. La tensión entre democracia y la utopía libertaria de R. Nozick
(2025) Schwember, Felipe; Fuentes, Eduardo
La democracia ha sido objeto de numerosas críticas por parte de distintos autores libertarios. En el presente trabajo nos detendremos en la que formula Robert Nozick en Anar-quía, Estado y utopía y que apunta al carácter en último término liberticida de dicha forma de gobierno. Al respecto sostendremos dos cosas: primero, que la plausibilidad de dicha crítica descansa en ciertos supuestos controvertidos acerca de la representación política, supuestos que, sorprendentemente, Nozick comparte con Rousseau; en segundo lugar, que la fuerza de la crítica de Nozick depende que una cierta concepción del pueblo que hace superflua no solo la democracia en general, sino la reflexión acerca de la libertad política en general
Exeundum est e statu naturali: the lex permissiva y el deber de abandonar el estado de naturaleza en la doctrina del derecho de Kant
(2025) Schwember, Felipe
En el presente artículo discuto la interpretación que Christoph Horn hace de la lex permissiva de la Doctrina del derecho de Kant en su libro Nichtideale Normativität. Horn la interpreta como una ley que dispensa del cumplimiento de los principios generales del derecho. Aquí sostendré que esa interpretación es
inaceptable, porque obliga a entender que la propiedad y demás instituciones del derecho privado están fundadas en excepciones a tales principios generales. Sostendré, además, que con el concepto de lex permissiva que adopta Horn no contribuye a explicar el deber de abandonar el estado de naturaleza.
Telepsiquiatría: una herramienta que acerca la salud mental a las personas
(2026) Möller , Matías; Guesalaga, Vicente
La telepsiquiatría se presenta como una estrategia prometedora para mejorar la accesibilidad a la atención de salud mental en los sectores rurales Chile, donde problemas como las barreras geográficas y escasez de especialistas siguen presentes. En esta reflexión se discuten los beneficios y dificultades de este estilo de atención, para que se vean reflejados en una pronta atención. Esperamos que en el futuro se realice una atención dual, a través de la relación que se establezca entre la atención psiquiátrica presencial y la atención en línea, pues ayudará a disminuir las desigualdades en el acceso a la salud mental en nuestro país. Palabras claves: Telemedicina; Telepsiquiatría.
Telepsychiatry is emerging as a promising strategy for improving access to mental health care in rural areas of Chile, where problems such as geographical barriers and a shortage of specialists remain. This article discusses the benefits and challenges of this model of care, with a view to ensuring they are reflected in the provision of timely care. We hope that, in the future, a dual approach to care will be implemented, through the integration of face-to-face psychiatric care and online care, as this will help to reduce inequalities in access to mental health care in our country.
Tasa de egreso hospitalario por síndrome de distrés respiratorio en el recién nacido durante el periodo 2021 a 2024 en chile
(2026) Campos, Catalina; Campos, Ignacia; Hernández, Cristian; Libante, Dayna; Gómez, Alex
Introducción: La patología respiratoria neonatal es una de las causas más importantes de morbimortalidad e ingreso a unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales a nivel mundial y nacional, afectando principalmente a prematuros.
Objetivo: Determinar la tasa de egreso hospitalario por síndrome de distrés respiratorio en recién nacidos durante el periodo 2021 a 2024 en Chile.
Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo y cuantitativo, utilizando datos estadísticos secundarios del Departamento de Estadística e Información en Salud y del Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Se aplicó análisis de tendencia central mediante software Excel. Al utilizar fuentes públicas anónimas, no se requirió aprobación por comité de ética.
Resultado: La mayor tasa de egreso hospitalario se registró en el año 2024 con un valor de 15,41 por cada 1.000 nacidos vivos. El sexo masculino presentó la mayor tasa de egreso hospitalario del periodo con 16,92 por 1.000 nacidos vivos. El mayor promedio de estadía hospitalaria ocurrió en 2022 con 26,13 días. Discusión: El aumento de la tasa de egreso hospitalario se asocia al incremento de la prematurez en Chile. La mayor incidencia en hombres se vincula a factores hormonales que influyen en la producción de surfactante, mientras que la estadía prolongada en 2022 sugiere dificultades logísticas transitorias en el periodo post-pandemia.
Conclusión: La tasa de egreso hospitalario muestra una tendencia al alza vinculada a la prematurez en el país. Esto sugiere la necesidad de actualizar las guías clínicas nacionales y revisar protocolos locales para abordar eficazmente esta prioridad de salud pública.
Introduction: Neonatal respiratory pathology is a leading cause of morbidity, mortality, and admission to neonatal intensive care units both globally and nationally, primarily affecting preterm infants.
Objective: To determine the hospital discharge rate for respiratory distress syndrome in newborns in Chile between 2021 and 2024.
Methodology: An observational, descriptive, retrospective, and quantitative study was conducted using secondary statistical data from the Department of Health Statistics and Information and the National Institute of Statistics. Central tendency analysis was performed using Excel software. Since the study utilized anonymous public data, ethics committee approval was not required.
Result: The highest hospital discharge rate was recorded in 2024, reaching 15,41 per 1.000 live births. Males presented the highest hospital discharge rate during the period (16,92 per 1.000 live births). The longest average length of hospital stay occurred in 2022, with 26,13 days.
Discussion: The increase in hospital discharge rate is associated with the rise in prematurity in Chile. The higher incidence in males is linked to hormonal factors influencing surfactant production, while the prolonged stay in 2022 suggests transient logistical challenges in the post-pandemic period.
Conclusion: The hospital discharge rate shows an upward trend linked to prematurity in the country. This highlights the need to update national clinical
guidelines and review local protocols to effectively address this public health priority.
Policy changes and growth slowdown: assessing Chile’s lost decade
(2025) Toni, Emiliano; Paniagua, Pablo; Ordenes, Patricio
Latin America has been snared in an economic slowdown since the end of the commodities boom. Within the region, Chile used to stand alone as the poster child of economic growth and political stability from 1990 to 2010. However, a stark contrast is perceived since around 2014, as Chile has also been trapped in a decade of slow economic growth, marking a shift in its economic trend. This paper examines this Chilean slowdown from an empirical perspective and determines how much can be attributed to internal and external causes. Using the Synthetic Control Method (SCM), our empirical analysis suggests that at least two-thirds of Chile’s recent slowdown can be attributed to internal causes (i.e., policy regime change) and only one-third to external ones. Our results are consistent with the literature, confirming that external volatility can explain only a small fraction of poor economic performance, suggesting that internal factors are the primary source. This research sheds light on the effects of policy regime shifts and their economic impact.
Polycentric democracy and dynamic political stability
(2025) Paniagua, Pablo; Pourvand, Kaveh
A perennial question of political thought is how to stabilize a just regime in the face of disagreement. The importance of this question has been heightened with the Weberian state that monopolizes the power of coercion and anchors society under a single governance structure. This political form has given us both liberal democracy and totalitarianism. The stakes could not be higher in ensuring stability without dismantling pluralism. This paper provides a novel solution to the stability problem by focusing on dynamic stability reached through polycentric democracy. Plural and overlapping centers of governance characterize such democracy. This renders a polycentric system more resilient to changing views than a monocentric one and superior on political risk-management grounds by diffusing decision-making risks. A polycentric system also fosters antifragility in society by avoiding seeking a single and fixed point equilibrium, thereby eluding the pitfalls currently afflicting liberal democracy.
White matter hyperintensities and their impact in brain structure and function in alzheimer's disease and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia across Latin America and the United States: a cross-sectional study
(2025) Altschuler, Florencia; Canziani, Verónica; Fraile, Matías; Gonzalez, Raul; Hernández, Hernán; Baez, Sandra; Migeot, Joaquín; Fittipaldi, Sol; Maito, Marcelo; Legaz, Agustina; Godoy, Maria; Moguilner, Sebastián; Cruzat, Josephine; Coronel, Carlos; Tagliazucchi, Enzo; Santamaria, Hernando; Reyes, Pablo; Matallana, Diana; Avila, José; Slachevsky Chonchol, Andrea; Behrens, María; Custodio, Nilton; Cardona, Juan; Brusco, Luis; Bruno, Martin; Sosa, Ana; Pina, Stefanie; Takada, Leonel; Franca, Elisa de Paula; Possin, Katherine; De Oliveira, Maira; Hu, Kun; Lawlor, Brian; Yokoyama, Jennifer; Miller, Bruce; Lopera, Francisco; Martin, Adolfo; Medel, Vicente; Ibañez, Agustin; Gonzalez, Cecilia
Background: White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are a core manifestation of normal and pathological aging and are potentially linked to geographical differences in social and physical exposomes. Previous studies have not examined the impact of WMHs burden on neurodegeneration and cognition in healthy controls (HCs) and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) across geographic regions. This study addressed this gap by assessing the impact of WMHs burden on participants with and without dementia from Latin America (LA) and the United States (US).
Methods: The study comprised 994 participants, including HCs (n = 402), AD (n = 359), and bvFTD subjects (n = 233) from LA and the US. WMHs and their association with grey matter (GM) atrophy, assessed through GM volume and cortical thickness, were evaluated and compared among groups (HCs, AD, and bvFTD) in LA and the US using a voxel-wise brain imaging approach (p < 0.05 family-wise error-corrected for multiple comparisons, minimum cluster size = 50 voxels). Multiple regressions analysis were employed to examine geographic differences in WMHs burden, WMHs-GM associations, and the effect of WMHs on cognitive performance, as assessed by the Mini-Mental State examination.
Results: In the LA cohort only, higher WMHs load was associated with greater GM atrophy across all groups (HCs, AD, bvFTD), with a specific neurodegenerative pattern involving orbitofrontal, cingulate, and temporal areas. HCs from LA showed a greater WMHs load than their US counterparts, and this effect was dependent on GM atrophy. Finally, WMHs burden negatively impacted cognitive performance in dementia subjects, with a greater effect observed in bvFTD subjects from the US.
Conclusion: WMHs have a more pronounced impact on neurodegeneration across the LA cohort, with a worse impact on HCs, which also show higher WMHs burden than their US counterparts. This could increase the risk of developing dementia. Moreover, WMHs burden differentially impacts cognition, with a greater negative effect observed in bvFTD subjects from the US. These findings highlight geographic variations in WMHs-related conditions, offering valuable insights for tailored future research.
Conceptualising knowledge governance: knowledge regimes and institutions
(2025) Lin, Wanlin; Paniagua, Pablo; Yuan, Minjun
Social scientists are paying attention to the role that knowledge plays in economic phenomena. This focus on knowledge has led to exploring two challenges: first, its governance to reap positive externalities and solve social dilemmas, and second, how we can craft institutions to match the intangible nature of ideas with adequate property rules. This article contributes by elaborating on the different knowledge property regimes and the elements contributing to their classification. This paper first taxonomises knowledge governance regimes based on Ostrom’s work on institutional analysis. Second, it examines why governance structures for managing knowledge production vary across industries, according to (1) the characteristics of knowledge, (2) the attributes of the organisations, and (3) the different rules-in-use to enforce property rights. This is the first study at the intersection of institutional analysis and political economy that highlights the knowledge features, incentive structures, and mechanisms undergirding knowledge governance in different property regimes.
Electrospun Polyvinyl Alcohol/Sodium Alginate Nanocomposite Dressings Loaded with ZnO and Bioglass: Characterization, Antibacterial Activity, and Cytocompatibility
(2025) Ortiz, Andrés; Sepúlveda, Francesca; Flores, Siomara; Saavedra, Marcela; Sáez, Suhelen; Jiménez, Thomas; Murgas, Paola; Troncoso, Scarlett; Sanhueza, Camila; Ulloa, María; Porte, Lorena; Ahumada, Manuel; Corrales, Teresa; Palza, Humberto; Zapata, Paula
Chronic wounds pose a great challenge due to their slow healing and susceptibility to infections, hence the need for innovative alternatives to conventional antibiotics, as increasing bacterial resistance limits the efficacy of current treatments. This paper addresses the development of novel electrospun membranes based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium alginate, incorporating therapeutic ZnO and bioglass (54SiO2:40CaO:6P2O5) nanoparticles. While nanocomposites presented smaller fiber diameters than pure polymers, ternary nanocomposites displayed higher values, e.g., in porous areas, values were in the ca. 80-240 nm range and 0.06-0.60 μm2, respectively. The Young's modulus of the PVA/SA membrane, initially 15.9 ± 2.0 MPa, decreased by 65% with 10 wt.% ZnO NPs, whereas 10 wt.% BG NPs increased it by 100%. The membranes demonstrated efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from a human wound secretion, as well as two ATCC strains: Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. A cell viability assay conducted with HaCaT cells demonstrated nearly complete survival following 72 h of membrane exposure. Their combined Gram-positive antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility support their potential application as biofunctional dressings for the management of chronic and hospital-acquired topical infections, while also contributing to the global effort to combat antibiotic resistance.
Bespoke science: the use of ad hoc scientific advisory committees in the Covid-19 pandemic
(2025) Koppl, Roger; Pronin, Kira; Cowen, Nick; Podemska-Mikluch, Mart; Paniagua, Pablo
Many governments formed ad hoc scientific advisory committees in the Covid-19 pandemic because they offered the government greater control over policy advice than standing agencies. The difference between ad hoc and standing advisory bodies has been little noted in the literature. High-uncertainty crises demanding expertise and requiring action from the national government increase the value of policy discretion, raising the value of controlling the scientific narrative. An ad hoc body is generally easier to control than a standing body because policymakers have greater liberty to choose its members, specify its mandate, and disband and reconstitute it when needed. Control generally requires either a narrow membership or a narrow mandate. If members cannot be chosen to be reliably aligned with the government or its policy preferences, a narrow mandate will restrain the committee from offering undesired advice or analysis. Our argument builds on the public choice assumption of motivational symmetry: The choices of scientists and politicians are shaped by the same motives and desires that influence individuals in any other sphere of life. Our case studies of Italy, UK, US, Poland, Uganda, and Sweden support our theory.
Ultrasound of the tongue as an uncommon site: a focus on technique and early diagnosis of lingual pathologies
(2025) Campos, Óscar; Aris, Ricardo; Whittle, Carolina; Niedmann, Juan
Tongue ultrasound, although less conventional in radiology, offers high-resolution images without ionizing radiation, allowing for accurate evaluation of superficial lesions. This article aims to increase awareness of its usefulness and promote its adoption in clinical practice. Characteristic findings of a variety of lesions are highlighted through clinical cases evaluated at our institution. This technique emerges as a safe and inexpensive alternative for the diagnosis and monitoring of lingual pathologies, being a promising tool for early detection and effective management of these conditions.
La ecografía de la lengua, aunque menos convencional en radiología, ofrece imágenes de alta resolución sin radiación ionizante, lo que permite una evaluación precisa de lesiones superficiales. Este artículo tiene como objetivo aumentar el conocimiento sobre su utilidad y promover su adopción en la práctica clínica. Se destacan los hallazgos característicos de una variedad de lesiones a través de casos clínicos evaluados en nuestra institución. Esta técnica emerge como una alternativa segura y económica para el diagnóstico y el seguimiento de patologías linguales, siendo una herramienta prometedora para una detección precoz y un manejo efectivo de estas condiciones.
Higiene puertas adentro: la incorporación del baño en el hogar chileno a través de la Publicidad (1850-1950)
(2025) Dussaillant Christie, Jacqueline
En el marco de la historia cultural y del consumo, este artículo estudia la incorporación del cuarto de baño en la vivienda en Chile, principalmente de Santiago y Valparaíso, en el contexto del cambio de paradigma de salubridad desde la teoría miasmática a la bacteriológica. La oferta en el mercado de diferentes artefactos y objetos orientados a la práctica sistemática del aseo personal en la intimidad de este espacio doméstico, fue parte esencial de la modificación de los hábitos higiénicos de la población. A partir del supuesto de que los avisos publicitarios constituyen difusores culturales que revelan algunos aspectos del mercado, por medio de la revisión de la publicidad en la prensa chilena entre 1850 y 1950 se propone estudiar qué productos orientados a la higiene se ofrecían a través de la prensa y bajo qué discursos. Se postula que el discurso publicitario contribuyó a la difusión de los nuevos conocimientos bacteriológicos entre sus lectores.
¿Un libertarianismo medioambientalista? Propiedad, utopía y política medioambiental en las teorías libertarias
(2025) Schwember, Felipe; Loewe, Daniel
Este artículo examina los modos en que el iusnaturalismo libertario ha afrontado los desafíos medioambientales que suscita la adquisición de la propiedad. Se persiguen tres propósitos: primero, discutir algunos de los supuestos libertarios acerca de la naturaleza y la tecnología; segundo, explorar el potencial
medioambientalista de la estipulación de Locke/Nozick; tercero, indicar algunas de las dificultades a que conduce dicha estipulación cuando se la aplica a la resolución de problemas medioambientales. Sostengo que la estipulación conduce a dos resultados, según como se la interprete. El primero ofrece la posibilidad de desarrollar efectivamente un libertarianismo medioambiental robusto, pero solo al precio de imponer severas restricciones a las adquisiciones; el segundo evita tales restricciones, al precio de renunciar a una política medioambiental significativa. Concluyo con algunas reflexiones acerca de la relación entre teoría de la propiedad y medioambientalismo.