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Artículos, documentos de trabajo y otros documentos de investigación / Articles, working papers and other research papers
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Browsing Dirección de Investigación by Subject "040008C"
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Item Breaking stereotypes and taboos in women's entrepreneurship : New evidence around old paradigms(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Economía y Negocios, 2022) Ibáñez Caamaño, María José; Guerrero, MaribelThis research references two articles that provide theoretical and empirical evidence that counters female entrepreneurship stereotypes and taboos. The first paper tests three gender-stereotypical assumptions prevalent in the entrepreneurship literature: the female gender decreases the propensity for entrepreneurship, women are less willing to enter high-growth industries, and women's valuation of entrepreneurial skills reduces their likelihood of entrepreneurship. A multivariate probit model to test these assumptions was implemented using Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data for eight countries in the period 2009–2016. The findings show that the female gender does not decrease the probability of being an entrepreneur and that perceived entrepreneurial skills influence the entrepreneurial propensity of men and women equally. The results indicate that the female gender reduces the likelihood of entrepreneurship in a high-growth industry. The second article discusses the influence of entrepreneurship on the empowerment and emancipation of female entrepreneurs in the Global South countries. Using the World Values Survey, this study provides empirical evidence of how entrepreneurship affects women's empowerment and emancipation differently depending on the Global South country and compared with other occupational choices, such as full-time employees and homemakers. Our study includes provocative implications in a discussion about gender dynamics, and the most vulnerable women enrolled in entrepreneurial activities in hostile/fragile institutional contexts.Item Determinants and impacts of digital entrepreneurship: an international perspective(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Economía y Negocios, 2023) Yáñez-Valdés, Claudia; Guerrero, MaribelOver the past decades, accumulated knowledge has demonstrated a strong link between technologies and entrepreneurship. The recent emergence of multiple "digital" technologies represents both an opportunity and a challenge for entrepreneurs. Especially the healthcare crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has forced a rethinking of the link between digitalization and new business models. Like any dynamic process, ventures face a complex adaptation process that determines their success or failure. Inspired by the observed research opportunities we put forward this PhD thesis based on the findings of the first essay where we defined that digital entrepreneurship is determined by the degree of digitization and the type of technology used. Based on this, we propose in the second essay a nationwide review of Fintech, as a type of DE with a high level of digitalization and a complex mix of technologies. The operation and performance of these initiatives not only contribute to the economic development of emerging economies, but also generate a transformative impact on their environment, stakeholders, and society. This transformative effect allows the democratization of digital services, making them accessible to groups marginalized by the traditional financial banking system. Then, in the third essay, we explore the relevance of DE in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Global closures have increased the emergence of the Digital Social Entrepreneurship (DSE) phenomenon, which has been key to responding to social needs using digital technologies. In the fourth essay we show crowdfunding as a type of entrepreneurship with an intermediate degree of digitalization, which is supported by the development of open innovation communities that seek to contribute to solving various social and economic problems. Finally, we present a vision of the development of entrepreneurial activity through digital gig and share economy platforms, which are a type of entrepreneurship with a low degree of digitalization that allows the exchange of goods and services as an alternative to traditional employment. In this last essay we take a view of the democratic context as a factor influencing the inclusion of disadvantaged groups. This research has important theoretical and practical implications for consolidating the formation of digital societies where all actors in society are considered as part of the cocreation of value.Item From productivism to regeneration in socio-ecological systems: an exploration of tensions, trade-offs and ways forward(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Economía y Negocios, 2021) Hernández Gutiérrez, Mauricio; Sepúlveda U., Jean; Muñoz R., PabloThis thesis explores an ideological phenomenon that underlies organizational sustainability practices grounded on active restoration, natural regeneration, and environmental protection. It originates as a contraposition to a productivist ideology attached to growth, the commodification of nature, and the arbitrary use of ecosystems and resources to satisfy human needs, excessive consumption, and business demands. It differs from environmental management practices and counter-movements, making explicit its methodology based on the place flourishing, harmonization, and reconciliation of organizations and natural systems, and on a deep ecocentric ethic that recognizes the intrinsic value in all forms of life and ecosystems themselves, including their abiotic components. We label it Regenerativism, and we define it as the belief that placerestoration, ecological engagement, and protection of life support systems are the inherent action-purpose and responsibility of the human organization. The main objective of this thesis is to investigate and explore the principles, mechanisms, and microfoundations that actively shape acts of repair, regeneration, and protection of ecosystems at the organizational level, which allow for shedding light on a transformative change in the beliefs system and ways of seeing the world. The thesis applies configurational methods to address causal complexity, and inductive exploratory methods, based on informal interviews, ethnographies, and audio-visual methods, to uncover and theorize about new premises that build plausible ecological values, ecocentric principles, and regenerative practices at the organizational level beyond the sustainability paradigm. The first paper proposes a conceptual framework with six interrelated building blocks that could be the explanatory basis for the "Regenerativism" phenomenon. Although Ecocentrism is a worldview that recognizes the intrinsic value in ecosystems and the biological and physical elements that compose them, Regenerativism is part of the ecological processes that connect ecosystems and the biological and physical elements spatially and temporally. The second article allows us to elucidate ecocentric management approaches using one of the blocks proposed above in the framework of sustainability-as-flourishing. Configurational methods are used to offer a new conceptual apparatus and a systemic characterization of ecocentrism in business sustainability. Finally, the third article interweaves three proposed building blocks to explore through an ethnographic study how regenerative organizations work and collaborate with nonhuman animals in acts of restoration and protection of nature. We call it: human-animal mutualism in environmental protection work, and our findings could shed light on the importance of understanding meaningful human-animal relationships to advance our knowledge of environmental protection and business sustainability more broadly. Overall, the findings suggest Regenerativism, within the world of Ecocentrism, is reconnecting human systems and natural systems in acts of restoration, protection, and ecological regeneration. These results also indicate how the organizations that promote and lead regenerativism, an elusive approach until now, are capable of mitigating productivism and weighing it under planetary boundaries. The thesis further shows relevant, unique, and empirical evidence on ecocentric approaches to business management, and principles grounded on animal mutualism to restore and protect patterns of vegetation, biological diversity, and the abundance of species. The findings result in a model that would allow exploring and uncover new micro-foundations based on a socio-ecological context and would allow contributing not only to transform our belief system and ways of seeing the world, but also to materialize regenerative environmental management actions beyond business sustainability practices that are still far from the zero impact that would characterize them as a sustainable enterpriseItem Innovation strategy decision: a discussion of complementary between technological and nontechnological innovations(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Economía y Negocios, 2022) Guzmán Cofré, Cristian Marcelo; Váquez Lavín, FelipeThere is an extensive theoretical and empirical discussion regarding the linear relationship between R&D expenditure and innovation. However, the innovationdecision is not dichotomous since it implies the choice of a combination of technological and non-technological innovation options. Similarly, not only does internal R&D spending allow firms to innovate, but so-called non-R&D activities also allow firms to develop innovations. In this thesis we analyze two theoretical currents found in the innovation literature, innovation strategy and innovation complementarity, to discuss and show which of them allows us to better explain the innovation-decision of firms. We also analyze the effect that internal and external characteristics of firms have on their preferences for the types of R&D and non-R&D activities for the development of innovations.Item Knowledge and information leakages in strategic alliances with competitors(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Economía y Negocios, 2022) Chávez Bustamante, Felipe Orlando Gabriel; Troncoso Valverde, CristianAlliances allow businesses to access valuable resources in complex environments. Nonetheless, these interfirm agreements also make firms’ boundaries permeable to involuntary leakages of information and knowledge. This dissertation theoretically examines the interplay between information and knowledge leakages, the nature and intensity of market competition, and the incentives to pursue strategic alliances with competitors. To this end, the dissertation adopts a game-theoretic approach that accounts for the market consequences of knowledge and information leakages and the incentives to pursue strategic alliances that they generate. The main findings suggest that knowledge and information leakages might induce firms to engage in opportunistic behaviour and that the threat of such behaviour has important effects on the incentives to participate in these interfirm agreements. Thus, while knowledge leakage may drive firms to behave opportunistically by imitating its competitor, information leakage has the potential to alter the information structure of competition, modifying the incentives to generate joint value through the pursuit of strategic alliances. These findings constitute novel theoretical insights about the effects of knowledge and information leakages on the competitive behaviour of firms interacting in environments in which they simultaneously cooperate and compete with the intent to create joint value.