DSpace Repository :: Browsing by Author "Miranda, Rafael"

Browsing by Author "Miranda, Rafael"

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Assessing psychological well-being among adolescents: A new multidimensional instrument for Chilean school students
(2025) Bravo-Sanzana, Mónica; Terán-Mendoza, Oscar; Miranda, Rafael; Oriol, Xavier; Varela, Jorge; Mieres-Chacaltana, Manuel
Adolescent psychological well-being is a key component of social and educational sustainability. Strengthening well-being during the school years supports healthy development, academic engagement, and resilience to contemporary challenges. Within the framework of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, fostering mental health and equity in education contributes to more inclusive, cohesive, and peaceful communities. This study aimed to develop and validate the Psychological Well-Being Scale for Adolescents in a Chilean school population. Drawing on Ryff’s multidimensional model, the scale included 32 items and was administered to 8638 high school students from all sixteen regions of Chile. Exploratory Factor Analysis identified a seven-factor structure in which self-acceptance was divided into two dimensions: one associated with self-esteem and achievement, and another with self-appreciation and body image. Confirmatory Factor Analysis demonstrated that the seven-factor model achieved the best fit. The scale showed high internal consistency, adequate convergent validity, and measurement invariance. The Psychological Well-Being Scale for Adolescents is a psychometrically sound and culturally adapted instrument validated with Chilean adolescents in school contexts. Current evidence supports its use for research and applied assessment within Chilean educational settings.
Bullying victimization and subjective well-being in 10- and 12-year-old children from 24 countries: The buffering effect of family and teacher support
(2025) Oriol, Xavier; Miranda, Rafael; Varela, Jorge; Garcia, Nuria
Bullying victimization in children is a recognized public health concern in many countries worldwide. Specifically, studies have consistently demonstrated that bullying victimization is one of the indicators that most significantly and negatively influences the subjective well-being (SWB) of children. Following this assumption, a study was conducted to examine the impact of bullying victimization on subjective well-being among 75,877 students aged 10 and 12 years across 24 countries. Additionally, the moderating role of support from teachers and family members in the relationship between bullying victimization and subjective well being was investigated using structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. The results show that, in many countries, there is an interaction effect of both family support and teacher support figures in both age groups (10 and 12 years). However, significant variability in these interaction effects was observed across countries, and in some countries, no moderating effect was detected. Specifically, in the 12-year-old group, a larger number of countries show no interaction effect from any adult support figure in the relationship between bullying victimization and SWB. The findings are discussed with a focus on the buffering effects of both types of support, the variability observed across countries, and the practical implications of these results.
Design and validation of the multidimensional school social climate inventory for adolescents (MSSCI-A) in Chile
(2025) Bravo-Sanzana, Mónica; Terán-Mendoza, Oscar; Miranda, Rafael; Oriol, Xavier; Varela, Jorge; Mieres-Chacaltana, Manuel
In Latin America, there is a critical need for validated instruments that capture the multidimensionality of school social climate from an ecological perspective. To fill this gap, this study developed and validated the Multidimensional School Social Climate Inventory for Adolescents (MSSCI-A). Using a non-experimental, cross-sectional design, data were collected from 8949 students across 16 Chilean regions, randomly divided for exploratory and confirmatory analyses. Content validity was ensured through expert judgment with Aiken’s V, while item variability was tested in a pilot study. Dimensionality was examined through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA), which identified 10 coherent and parsimonious dimensions. These combined expected domains such as Emotional Safety, Collaboration, and Belonging with hybrid factors that reflect how students experience interdependent aspects of school life. The Organizational Structure factor, however, did not meet minimum psychometric standards and was therefore removed. The final model was tested with Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), while internal consistency and convergent validity were supported through Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s omega, and AVE. Findings show that the MSSCI-A demonstrates strong psychometric properties. Overall, it constitutes one of the few validated, multidimensional, and culturally grounded tools in Latin America, with applications in research, educational practice, and policymaking.
Gratitude as a Protective Factor for Cyberbullying Victims: Conditional Effects on School and Life Satisfaction
(2021) Oriol, Xavier; Varela, Jorge J.; Miranda, Rafael
Recently, studies linking the emotion of dispositional gratitude to cyberbullying have attracted attention. However, this is still a seminal research area that requires further scientific studies. Through longitudinal data, this study aims to analyze the mitigating effect of gratitude on cybervictimization and two indicators of adolescent subjective well-being, namely school and life satisfaction. To this end, 221 adolescents attending private schools in Peru (age: mean (M) = 12.09; standard deviation (SD) = 0.89) were selected to respond to a self-administered questionnaire in two waves that were six months apart. Descriptive data show that 27% of cybervictims also suffer other types of traditional bullying. The overlaps between forms of bullying contribute to higher probabilities of experiencing low school and life satisfaction compared to non-victims after six months. The results of the moderation analysis show that experience high gratitude help students to maintain stable levels of life satisfaction regardless of the prevalence of cyberbullying after six months The results are discussed in terms of the relevance of fostering gratitude from early ages.
Implicancias del ciberacoso en el desarrollo de sintomatología depresiva mayor en jóvenes entre 15 y 29 años en Chile
(2024) Rojas, Fernanda; Bravo, Constanza; Miranda, Rafael; Varela, Jorge; Pacheco, Emanuel
El uso de medios digitales de comunicación y socialización entre los jóvenes trae consigo nuevos estresores, riesgos y formas de agresión, como el ciberacoso. Objetivo: evaluar la relación entre el ciberacoso (CB) y la sintomatología asociada a la depresión mayor (SDM) en jóvenes chilenos entre 15 y 29 años. Métodos: encuesta a través de la plataforma StatKnows. El muestreo fue de carácter probabilístico y estratificado con afijación proporcional al tamaño de selección bifásica. Se accedió a la muestra y a los datos de forma virtual, respetando los estándares bioéticos de la investigación con humanos. Resultados: en todas las edades estudiadas, aumenta la probabilidad de experimentar sintomatología depresiva a medida que aumentan los niveles de ciber agresión, especialmente en el grupo comprendido entre 19 a 24 años. Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos reflejan diversos factores de la adultez-emergente que otorgan mayor vulnerabilidad a este grupo, y ponen énfasis en la importancia de estudiar el fenómeno en edades no escolares, dado que esta forma de agresión no es exclusiva a la adolescencia y tampoco lo son sus efectos en la salud mental.
Instruments for measuring hedonic and eudaimonic well-being of adolescents in the Latin American school contexts: a systematic review
(2025) Bravo-Sanzana, Mónica; Casas, Ferran; Rodríguez-Rivas, Matías E.; Oriol, Xavier; Varela, Jorge; Miranda, Rafael; Terán-Mendoza, Oscar
Well-being is crucial for understanding adolescent health and quality of life and is related to positive physical, emotional, and social indicators. This systematic review developed from PRISMA criteria sought to identify and evaluate instruments in Latin America to measure hedonic and eudaimonic well-being in adolescents. A total of 1737 articles were identified in the Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, ScieLO, and PsycINFO databases, with the search limited to scientific articles published after 2010. Of these, 45 met the inclusion criteria and were synthesized in this review. Most of the studies focused on hedonic well-being, especially life satisfaction, while eudaimonic well-being was less explored; in addition, some studies were identified that do not have a clear theoretical approach, and only two studies considered a multidimensional perspective of well-being. By way of conclusion, the diversity of instruments to assess well-being in Latin America is highlighted, and it is proposed that future research should incorporate solid theoretical models and a comprehensive understanding of adolescent well being in the region; in this way, the present study provides a basis for future research that includes the application, design or validation of instruments with a comprehensive theoretical model of adolescent well-being in the Latin American context.
Teachers’ wellbeing, affects, and burnout during the pandemic in Chile
(2022) Varela, Jorge J.; Guzmán, Paulina; Oriol, Xavier; Romo, Francisca; Miranda, Rafael
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a dramatic impact upon teachers across the world. In Chile, the confinement also had a negative effect on teachers’ wellbeing. However, there are no studies assessing teachers’mental health, affect, burnout, or social support during this period. Consequently, our study tested a mediation moderation model with Macro from SPSS in a sample of 635 teachers examining subjective wellbeing with the Pemberton Happiness Index, their emotions using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, their burnout with the Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Burnout Syndrome and their social support with the Social Support Questionnaire-Short Form. The study results suggest that the impact of burnout on teachers’ wellbeing is mediated by negative and positive emotions. Additionally, this mediation was moderated by social support levels perceived by teachers. These results confirm the importance of providing additional support to teachers during the Pandemic.
Victims of Cyberbullying: Feeling Loneliness and Depression among Youth and Adult Chileans during the Pandemic
(2022) Varela, Jorge J.; Hernández, Cristóbal; Miranda, Rafael; Barlett, Christopher P.; Rodríguez Rivas, Matías
In Chile, during the COVID-19 pandemic, reports of cyberbullying victimization increased for adolescents and younger adults. Research has shown that cyber-victims—adolescents and young adults alike—are at greater risk for mental health problems such as depression as a result of this negative type of aggression. Yet, a paucity of research has examined the individual mechanisms germane to cyber-victim depression. We focused on loneliness for the current study. We hypothesized that cyber-victimization would be positively related to depressive symptoms through increased fears of loneliness and that this effect would differ between adolescents and younger adults. Thus, we examined a sample of 2370 participants from all main regions of Chile aged from 15 to 29 years. Moderated mediation results showed a negative effect of cyberbullying on depression, which was mediated by increased fears of being alone. The effect of frequency of cyberbullying on fear of loneliness was stronger for younger adults compared to adolescents. Our results suggest different mechanisms for both age groups, which can inform prevention programs and their specific activities.

Browsing by Author "Miranda, Rafael"

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