Person: Troncoso, Rodrigo
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Troncoso
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Publication Linking physical violence to womenās mobility in Chile(2023) Contreras, Hugo; Candia Vallejos, Cristian; Troncoso, Rodrigo; Ferres, Leo; Bravo, Loreto; RodrĆguez-Sickert, CarlosDespite increased global attention on violence against women, understanding the factors that lead to women becoming victims remains a critical challenge. Notably, the impact of domestic violence on womenās mobilityāa critical determinant of their social and economic independenceāhas remained largely unexplored. This study bridges this gap, employing police records to quantify physical and psychological domestic violence, while leveraging mobile phone data to proxy womenās mobility. Our analyses reveal a negative correlation between physical violence and female mobility, an association that withstands robustness checks, including controls for economic independence variables like education, employment, and occupational segregation, bootstrapping of the data set, and applying a generalized propensity score matching identification strategy. The study emphasizes the potential causal role of physical violence on decreased female mobility, asserting the value of interdisciplinary research in exploring such multifaceted social phenomena to open avenues for preventive measures. The implications of this research extend into the realm of public policy and intervention development, offering new strategies to combat and ultimately eradicate domestic violence against women, thereby contributing to wider efforts toward gender equity.Publication Estimating multinomial logit models with endogenous variables: Control function versus two adapted approaches(2024) Grange, Louis de; GonzĆ”lez, Felipe; Marechal, Matthieu; Troncoso, RodrigoIt is shown that the control function (CF) methodās estimates of the modal constants in a multinomial logit model (MNL) with endogenous explanatory variables are biased. This has not previously been reported in the literature, and has consequences in demand analysis, transportation policy design and project evaluation. Two adaptations of existing approaches are proposed as alternatives to CF for deriving estimators of parameters in MNL models with endogenous explanatory variables that evidence good consistency properties. The first approach is based on moment conditions while the second one combines parameters obtained in two consecutive estimation stages. Both approaches employ instrumental variables. These two adapted approaches are implemented using simulated data from a transport mode choice problem. The results are compared with those obtained using the classic control-function method, typically used by practitioners for estimating transport demand models with endogenous variables and making quantitative evaluations of transport policies and projects. All three approaches generate similar estimates for the parameters of the explanatory variables, but the two proposed adaptations produce considerably more accurate estimates of the modal constants. This greater accuracy has potentially significant consequences for multinomial logit modelsā predictive ability and estimates of marginal effects, elasticities and the social benefits of projects based on con sumer surplus calculations.Publication Impact of urban facilities spatial inequality on sustainable travel mode(2024) Urrutia-Mosquera, Jorge; FlĆ³rez-CalderĆ³n, Luz; CortĆ©s, Yasna; Troncoso, Rodrigo; Lufin, MarceloWith the implementation of sustainable development objectives in developing countries, urban planning, land use regulation, and urban mobility policies are expected to help reduce inequalities in access to urban facilities. Urban transport policies are also expected to encourage travel by non-motorised modes and public transport. These are considered to be the sustainable modes of urban transport. In this paper, we investigate how inequality of urban facilities impacts trips made by sustainable modes in the city of Santiago de Chile. We use aPoisson regression model and its geographical extension, the geographically weighted Poisson regression model (GWPR). The results suggest that the inequality of urban facilities impacts trips made by sustainable modes. The variables with the highest relevance are the spatial distribution of mixed land use, the spatial distribution of urban services related to transport infrastructure, primary and secondary education, as well as the spatial distribution of demographic variables related to peopleās life cycle.Publication The Evolving Relationship Between Reading Motivation and Achievement: A Longitudinal Study(2025) Troncoso, Rodrigo; Cubillos, MontserratThis study examined the reciprocal relationship between reading engagement or motivation and reading achievement across primary and secondary grades in Chile. Using longitudinal SIMCE data from a cohort of 47,073 students assessed in Grade 4 (ages 9ā10), Grade 8 (ages 13ā14), and Grade 10 (ages 15ā16), the study employed structural equation modeling to explore how reading comprehension and motivation influenced one another over time. Results revealed strong temporal stability in both constructs, with reading achievement showing robust continuity across all time points. From Grade 4 to Grade 8, reading achievement more strongly predicted later motivation than the reverse. In contrast, from Grade 8 to Grade 10, motivation became a stronger predictor of reading achievement. These findings suggest a shift in the directionality of influence, with motivation playing an increasingly important role in sustaining reading performance during secondary school. The results provide evidence on what to prioritize at different stages: in primary school, securing strong reading skills is essential for later engagement, while in secondary school, fostering motivation becomes key to maintaining achievement. In this way, the study offers guidance for schools and policymakers on how to design stage-specific strategies that support both skill development and long-term engagement with reading.Publication Impacts of vehicle restrictions on urban traffic speeds and transit ridership: an empirical analysis using high-frequency data(2025) Grange, Louis de; Pezoa, RaĆŗl; Troncoso, RodrigoThe impacts of vehicle restrictions in Santiago, Chile, on the average speeds of vehicle traffic and public buses as well as on transit card validations are quantified using novel high-frequency data, coming from millions of records from a ride-hailing service and the cityās public transport system. The restrictions were in force on weekdays during May through August between 7:30 am and 9 pm in urban districts, and applied on a given day to 20 % of the stock of vehicles registered before September 2011. The quality, frequency and spatial coverage of the data we use allow us to estimate not only classic methods like before-and-after and differences-in-differences, but also triple differences, which allows for a higher number of control variables. All these methods arrived at the conclusion that the restrictions produce small increases in speed vehicle traffic (between 3.3 % and 4.2 %) and bus speeds (between 1.8 % and 2.3 %); no increases in the use of public transport were detected. Three likely reasons for the size of the effects are the low percentage of vehicles subject to the restrictions on any given day (approximately 6.9 %), the tendency for frequent drivers to be from higher-income groups and thus to own newer vehicles, and widespread violation of the restrictions due to weak enforcement with low fines.Publication Feelings of insecurity as a gender-specific constraint on urban mobility(2025) Contreras GĆ³mez, Hugo Alejandro; Candia, Cristian; RodrĆguez-Sickert, Carlos; Ferres, Leo; Troncoso, RodrigoCrime and violence shape psychological and sociological perceptions, fostering a sense of insecurity, especially in urban settings. This perception significantly alters lifestyles, routines, and social interactions. In this study, it is conducted an empirical analysis of the relationship between personal feelings of insecurity and the way individuals move in their daily lives, with a particular focus on differences between genders. The methodology used combines subjective data gathered from individualsā reported perceptions of insecurity with objective data derived from digital mobile phone tracking, providing a comprehensive view of how these fears affect peopleās daily routines and mobility patterns. The results highlight that perceived insecurity is significantly related to a lower mobility of individuals of both genders. This effect is more pronounced in women, reflecting significant gender-based differences in the impact of perceived insecurity on daily mobility. The findings, revealing higher levels of insecurity and fear of crime among women, require policy action. Public policy must prioritize making urban spaces, such as bus stops, squares, parks, sports courts, and streets, safer and more welcoming for women. This approach is essential to create an urban environment that is inclusive, secure, and conducive to the well-being of all its inhabitants.