Artículos Economía y Negocios

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Unveiling the shadow:
(2024) Bullemore, Jorge
This study investigates the dual nature of narcissistic leadership within sales teams, revealing its potential to both inspire ambitious goals and undermine team cohesion and performance. By integrating a comprehensive literature review, the research outlines the characteristic behaviors of narcissistic leaders, such as arrogance and a lack of empathy, and their impact on team dynamics, including reduced cohesion, increased conflict, and impaired team performance. The paper proposes strategies to mitigate these negative effects, such as leadership development programs, team-based performance evaluations, and fostering a culture of empathy. It highlights the importance of understanding and addressing the complexities of narcissistic leadership to cultivate healthier, more productive team environments. The findings call for further research into the long-term effects of narcissistic leadership and the development of effective management strategies.
Guest editorial: Sustainable entrepreneurship: a new approach in Latin America and the Caribbean
(2024) Amorós, José Ernesto; Bonomo-Odizzio, Adriana; Sosa-Varela , Juan C.
Exploring the role of companies in transitioning to a sustainable and circular future:
(2024) Baumgartner, Rupert J.; Deutz, Pauline; Delgadillo, Estephania; Diaz Tena, Anna; Newsholme, Aodhan; Lindgreen, Erik Roos; Santa-Maria, Tomas; Walker, Anna M.; Reyes, Tatiana
This chapter explores the pivotal role of companies in driving the transition towards a sustainable and circular economy (CE). It focuses on how companies, as unique social systems aimed at generating economic value, can and have to shoulder social and environmental responsibilities. Pursuing a CE is a complex process with numerous challenges and potential avenues for exploration. The chapter methodically unfolds through six PhD research projects within the Cresting project, employing a blend of quantitative and qualitative methodologies to analyse the role of companies in the sustainable and circular transition. It addresses key questions related to business model innovation, product and service design, the assessment of CE impacts, and the integration of circularity into the corporate context. Additionally, this chapter explores the contextual embedding of businesses within local, national and international landscapes. By analysing empirical data and drawing insightful conclusions, valuable implications for both theory and practice are derived. Companies can be both contributors and inhibitors in the transition to a sustainable and circular future. They have the potential to drive change and support sustainability efforts but can also hinder progress or oppose initiatives. This research showed that it is necessary to consider company-internal issues but in particular to go beyond the corporate boundaries and to consider the entire value chain (from a product lifecycle perspective, i.e. including use and end-of-life phases), the broader stakeholder network and ecosystem, and the region a company is embedded in.
Hybrid entrepreneurship and risk
(2024) Benitez, Ignacia; Bonilla, Claudio A.; Vergara, Marcos
In this paper, we study the impact of risk on time allocation decisions between occupations by modeling a hybrid entrepreneur who must decide how to allocate time between paid employment (labor) and working on a venture (entrepreneurship). We argue that hybrid entrepreneurs self-insure in response to income risk by managing the time they allocate between the two occupations. We provide the conditions under which an uninsurable risk (in paid employment or the entrepreneurial sector) has an unambiguous precautionary effect on the optimal time allocated to each occupation, and these conditions are based on the strengths of risk aversion and downside risk aversion. We focus on three cases: when risk affects only the entrepreneurial sector, which is the classical case studied in the occupational choice literature; when risk affects only the paid employment sector; and finally, when risk affects both sectors, as we experienced during the recent pandemic.
Microplastics in seafood:
(2024) Barrientos, Manuel; Vásquez Lavín, Felipe; Ponce, Roberto D.; Nayga Jr, Rodolfo M.; Gelcich, Stefan
Microplastics, an emerging pollutant, have garnered widespread attention due to potential repercussions on human health and the environment. Given the critical role of seafood in food security, growing concerns about microplastics might be detrimental to meeting future global food demand. This study employed a discrete choice experiment to investigate Chilean consumers’ preferences for technology aimed at mitigating microplastic levels in mussels. Using a between-subjects design with information treatments, we examined the impact of informing consumers about potential human health and environmental effects linked to microplastics pollution on their valuation for the technology. We found that the information treatments increased consumers’ willingness to pay for mussels. Specifically, consumers were willing to pay a premium of around US$ 4 for 250 g of mussel meat with a 90 % depuration efficiency certification. The provision of health impact information increased the price premium by 56 %, while the provision of environmental information increased it by 21 %. Furthermore, combined health and environmental information significantly increased the probability of non-purchasing behavior by 22.8 % and the risk perception of microplastics for human health by 5.8 %. These results emphasized the critical role of information in shaping consumer preferences and provided evidence for validating investment in research and development related to microplastic pollution mitigation measures.
Opportunity entrepreneurship after 65:
(2024) Amorós, José Ernesto; Leporati, Marcelo; Torres-Marín, Alfonso Jesús; Roses, Sergio
This research aims to analyze individual and national level factors that influence opportunity-driven senior entrepreneurship (people older than 65 years) in a group of 12 OECD countries. At this age most people in developed economies could choose between retiring, continuing working, or starting a new venture. It is important to understand the motivations behind their decision. We use data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), to identify the effect of attitudes, perceptions, and aspirations as well as their sociodemographic characteristics. The sample consists of 24,139 observations from individuals older than 65 years. Additionally, we used the Human Development Index (HDI) – from the United Nations database–, to measure the country's level of development. Because of the nested nature of the data, we estimate our models using a multilevel logistic regression. Our results show that income, education, and occupation, in conjunction with the level of human development of a country have a significant influence on the probability of entrepreneurship by opportunity for senior individuals (+ 65). This research has policy and practical implications related to the decision of senior people to explore the creation of a new venture instead of opting for other alternatives such as retiring.
The optimism effect on country productivity and innovation activities
(2024) Mahn, Daniel; Wang, Cong; Kent, Danielle; Heaton, Chris
This study focuses on how optimism translates into innovation outcomes. While the link has been estab lished at a microeconomic level, its translation to an aggregate economic effect is still an open question. Empirical analysis draws from a yearly sample of 42 (mainly OECD) countries between 2000 and 2020 to test the effect of economic optimism on R&D measures from both the consumer’s and producer’s points of view at the aggregate level. Using modern econometric techniques that address potential endogeneity issues, the results suggest that economic optimism supports an increase in innovation activity and economic perfor mance but not an increase in innovation outcomes, such as more patent production. The implication is that an economically optimistic environment is an important contribution to a nation’s entrepreneurial ecosys tem. This novel insight shows that firms need not specifically recruit optimistic individuals to reap the bene fits of the optimism effect. Policies that encourage economic optimism can orchestrate an environment in which the benefits of the optimism effect are realized, independent of the individual personality traits of its citizens.
What drives solar energy adoption in developing countries? Evidence from household surveys across countries
(2024) Mahn, Daniel; Best, Rohan; Wang, Cong; Abiona, Olukorede
This study investigates household solar energy uptake in developing countries by combining household surveys for 11 countries with area-level data. We use data from World Bank surveys for countries in Africa, Asia, and Central America. Our probit regressions use up to 36,653 household observations and cover actual uptake rather than intentions. The main result shows that households further from capital cities are less likely to have solar home systems. Furthermore, there are strong links between assets and solar uptake across solar types such as solar home systems, solar lighting systems, and solar lanterns. This is an important finding given the small number of prior studies that use actual uptake data for developing countries and the mixed results from prior literature. We do not find evidence that households in sunnier areas are more likely to have solar home systems across countries. This study motivates policymakers to consider greater support for households far from capital cities, in sunnier regions, and with low levels of assets
Unveiling the Shadow: Theorizing the Impact of Narcissistic Leadership on Sales Teams
(2024) Bullemore, Jorge
This study investigates the dual nature of narcissistic leadership within sales teams, revealing its potential to both inspire ambitious goals and undermine team cohesion and performance. By integrating a comprehensive literature review, the research outlines the characteristic behaviors of narcissistic leaders, such as arrogance and a lack of empathy, and their impact on team dynamics, including reduced cohesion, increased conflict, and impaired team performance. The paper proposes strategies to mitigate these negative effects, such as leadership development programs, team-based performance evaluations, and fostering a culture of empathy. It highlights the importance of understanding and addressing the complexities of narcissistic leadership to cultivate healthier, more productive team environments. The findings call for further research into the long-term effects of narcissistic leadership and the development of effective management strategies
When given two choices, take both! Social impact assessment in social entrepreneurship
(2024) Muñoz, Pablo; Gamble, Edward N.
This paper examines how social entrepreneurs construct impact arguments as they begin to assess social impact. We examined the experiences of 68 social entrepreneurs in Chile and discovered that the construction of arguments for the purpose of thinking about and experiencing impact is different than the arguments constructed to establish dialogues around it. We explain this dual argument construction as arguments for worth and arguments for legitimacy. We expand scholarship on argumentation by clarifying social entrepreneurs’ efforts to pursue adherence facing competing demands and reinforcing their willingness and ability to engage with social impact assessment. We advance the understanding of social impact assessment in social entrepreneurship across three areas: tensions, accountability and performance and extend Nicholls’ general theory by explaining what precedes the discursive space where the assessment of social impact reconciles facticity and validity to establish materiality.
Aligning global efforts for a carbon neutral world: the race to zero campaign
(2022) Sevil, Angel; Muñoz, Gonzalo; Godoy-Faúndez, Alex
According to the United Nations, in order to avoid some of the worst outcomes of climate change, the world must achieve net zero carbon emissions by 2050 at the very latest. That is the aim of the Race to Zero Campaign. Since 2019, more than 10,000 organizations around the world have embraced Race to Zero, which has been able to successfully create a relevant, global, and diverse cross-sector partnership, tearing down the barriers that have emerged from uncertainty. Building on three key cross-partnership elements (strategic, institutional, and learning), combined with the uncertainties faced by the partners, we describe the resources and activities that have made that possible.
Understanding the role of personal experiences and contextual variables in shaping risk reduction preferences
(2023) Barrientos, Manuel; Vásquez Lavín, Felipe; Rosales, Constanza; Bratti , Luna
This article explores how preferences for risk reduction during the COVID-19 pandemic are influenced by personal experiences and contextual variables such as having a close friend or relative who has been infected by the virus (closeness), the severity of the illness (severity), people’s own perceptions of being in a risky group (risk group), change in employment status due to the pandemic (employment situation), and vaccination status (vaccination status and altruistic vaccination). We conducted a choice experiment (CE) in Chile, Colombia, and Costa Rica. The attributes of the experiment were risk reduction, latency, and cost. Then, we estimated a mixed logit model to capture preference heterogeneity across the countries. The attributes presented in the CE were statistically significant, with the expected sign in each country. The variables closeness and employment situation presented homogeneous behavior in each country; however, severity, risk group, and vaccination status showed mixed results. We found that preferences were more heterogeneous for the attributes of the CE than for the personal experiences and contextual variables. Understanding the impact of these variables is essential for generating more effective risk reduction policies. For instance, methodologies such as the value of statistical life base their calculations on society’s valuation of risk reduction. We provide evidence that the preferences for risk reduction vary due to the everyday situations that individuals face in the context of the pandemic. The latter may cause distortions in the values used to evaluate policies aimed at mitigating the outbreak.
Trans‑contextual work: doing entrepreneurial contexts in the periphery
(2023) Muñoz, Pablo; Kimmitt, Jonathan; Spigel, Ben
This study explores how entrepreneurs “do” contexts in peripheral areas. Through the examination of changes in roles, practices, and relationships across peripheral areas in Chile, we found that substantive transformations result from the momentary repurposing of systems of provision, types of interdependencies, and sources of reliance within public, community, and family contexts. Drawing from the perspective of interstitial spaces and extensive data, this is done through three interwoven interaction rituals: support seeking, neighboring, and nesting. We abductively theorize the connection between these rituals as trans-contextual work. As entrepreneurs do contexts through trans-contextual work new entrepreneurial ideas, practices and artifacts begin to reorganize community resources and transform the commune’s social into an entrepreneurial life. Our research expands the current understanding of contextual change in peripheral areas and contextualization in entrepreneurship more broadly.
The role of individual capabilities, workplace, and national culture on corporate entrepreneurship: A gender perspective
(2023) Ruiz, Linda Elizabeth; Amorós, José Ernesto; Guerrero, Maribel
This cross-country study proposes conceptualizing and measuring the engagementof a gendered workforce in corporate entrepreneurship by examining the infuence of individual capabilities, workplace environment perception, and national culture. The study uses information from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and World Bank from 22 countries among a sample of employees managing projects within established frms. Results reafrm the importance of having a job that fully aligns with the interests of employees regarding their gender; in this case, the perception of having a meaningful job and having the autonomy to develop novel activities are strong determinants. However, gender diferences may be more pronounced when considering work-life balance satisfaction. These fndings enrich the literature on corporate entrepreneurship and gender and establish important insights for corporations wanting to develop a workplace environment promoting entrepreneurial activity.
The economics impacts of long-run droughts: Challenges, gaps, and way forward
(2023) Fernández , Francisco J.; Vásquez Lavín, Felipe; Ponce, Roberto D.; Garreaud , René; Hernández, Francisco; Link , Oscar; Zambrano, Francisco; Hanemann, Michael
Quantifying drought's economic impacts has been key for decision-making to build future strategies and improve the development and implementation of proactive plans. However, climate change is changing drought frequency, intensity, and durability. These changes imply modifications of their economic impact, as longer droughts result in greater cumulative economic losses for water users. Though the longer the drought lasts, other factors also play a crucial role in its economic outcomes, such as Infrastructure capacity (IC), the Amount of Water in Storage (AWS) in reservoirs and aquifers, and short- and long-term responses to it. This study proposes and applies an analytical framework for the economic assessment of long-run droughts, assessing and explaining central Chile megadrought economic effects through the factors that begin to influence the economic impact level in this setting. High levels of both IC and the AWS, as well as short- and long-term responses of water users, allow for high resilience to long-run droughts, tolerating extraordinary water disruption in its society with relatively low total economic impacts. Despite this adaptability, long-term droughts bring places to a water-critical threshold where long-term adaptation strategies may be less flexible than short-term strategies, escalating the adverse economic effects. This fact suggests that the economic evaluation of megadrought needs to focus on future tipping points (substantial water scarcity). The tipping point depends on the IC, how water users manage the AWS, and adaptation strategies. Establishing the tipping point should be a priority for future interdisciplinary research.
Re‑viewing the entrepreneurial university: strategic challenges and theory building opportunities
(2023) Guerrero, Maribel; Fayolle, Alain; Di Guardo, Maria Chiara; Lamine, Wadid; Mian, Sarfraz
Influenced by the neo-liberal economic perspective, in which universities are evaluated based on their contribution to society, the term “Entrepreneurial University” (EU) emerged in the early 1980s. The entrepreneurial university has evolved as a “natural” incubator supporting entrepreneurship, innovation, and sustainability in the university community (e.g., students, alumni, staff, and academics) and beyond civic engagement. Over the last four decades, academic debates on why and how higher education organizations could play this key role have become increasingly important in the business and management literature. It has motivated several special issues published in multidisciplinary academic journals, literature reviews, and theoretical-empirical contributions. However, there is a defragmentation of the literature given the unique nature of each entrepreneurial university during the current decade and the forced transformation of entrepreneurial organizations due to new (technological and health) paradigms. Therefore, this new decade opens the door for re-viewing the theoretical foundations and empirical evidence of entrepreneurial universities. Inspired by these universities’ challenges, this special issue represented a unique opportunity to build a novel theory that provides an updated theoretical view of the entrepreneurial university phenomenon (e.g., re-conceptualization, re-view missions, re-view business models, re-view metrics), as well as to offer new insights about how the new paradigms have transformed core entrepreneurial university activities (education, research, technology transfer, and entrepreneurship), strategies, and interconnectedness with ecosystems. This introductory paper encouraged an in-depth multidisciplinary conversation within the management and related research community from different socio-economic settings to make theoretical and empirical contributions. As a result, six papers have contributed to this special issue and provide several implications for different stakeholders.
La Eficiencia de la producción de quinua en zonas altoandinas: el caso de Puno-Perú
(2023) Ataucusi, Yiem; Mercado, Waldemar; Ponce, Roberto D.; Orihuela, Carlos; Luna, Hugo; Ortiz, Hatzel; Mogollon, Raymundo
El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar la eficiencia técnica y económica en la producción de quinua en el Departamento de Puno, Perú, mediante el uso del modelo de la función de producción estocástica. Para ello, se aplicaron encuestas presenciales a 461 productores, los cuales fueron segmentados según su práctica cultural (quechua y aymara) y su zona agroecológica (Circunlacustre, Suni y Puna). Los resultados indican que los aymaras son más eficientes que los quechuas. A nivel de zonas agroecológicas, la zona Suni presenta mayor eficiencia técnica del productor de quinua (0.74) en comparación con otras zonas. El promedio de todas ellas fue 0.68. Además, se encontró que en zonas donde predominan prácticas productivas tradicionales, la eficiencia técnica explica mejor la relación entre los insumos y los productores, ya que en su mayoría estos se sienten motivados a garantizar su seguridad alimentaria, en tanto, lograr eficiencia en costos no sería propósito de las economías familiares altoandinas, pues pocos productores se motivan a maximizar beneficios monetarios.
Is this a family business? Effectiveness of implementing family businesses branding strategies on a radio platform
(2023) Alonso-Dos-Santos, Manuel; Llanos-Contreras, Orlando; Ibáñez, María José; Farias-Nazel, Pablo
Understanding how family firms can use their family image to their advantage in communication strategies is an opportunity for business continuity. This study identifies the effects of family hotels' corporate brand strategy through radio advertising on customer perceptions and attitudes using family image communication literature and radio advertising research. Online experiment using radio ads from these hotels and a survey of 1002 participants from Chile and Spain were conducted. The results suggest that strategies improving the firm's ability to communicate the family image results in better consumer response in terms of expectation, perceived quality, visit intention, and willingness to pay more. We conclude that radio ads are an effective channel for communicating family firm images. Managers can take advantage of monetizing the benefits of family firm images through radio ads.
Intrahousehold bargaining power and time allocation for multiple activities
(2023) Cardenas Retamal, Roberto; Barrientos Cifuentes, Manuel; Vásquez Lavín, Felipe; Ponce, Roberto D.
During the last decades, important policies have been implemented to incorporate women into the labor market, reduce persistent gender inequalities, and balance the time allocation between paid and unpaid work. We assess the Chilean case considering couples’ time allocation with an explicit consideration of intrahousehold bargaining power (relative wages and education). The Chilean case is interesting because we use the first urban national survey of time use, which could help understand gender differences in labor participation. We estimate a demand model, specifically a Multiple Discrete-Continuous Extreme Value (MDCEV) model considering six time-consuming activities on weekdays and weekends. In addition, we assess two hypothetical scenarios, namely, a proxy to childcare availability policy and an increase in women’s relative wages. We found that bargaining indicators are related to how individuals allocate their time, particularly the inverse relationship between the time allocated to housework and paid work. Moreover, we found that increasing women’s bargaining power in terms of wages could produce stronger labor force participation increments. Finally, our simulations show that while women can bridge the gap between paid and unpaid work, they continue to spend more time on domestic activities than men.
Modelamiento hidro-económico de los efectos del cambio climático y política en la agricultura andina
(2023) Crispin Cunya, Marianella; Ponce, Roberto D.; Rendon Schneir, Eric; Arias Montevechio, Esteban Eduardo
El cambio climático viene afectando de manera diferenciada a la agricultura, en particular, en la zona andina, dada su alta exposición, sensibilidad y baja capacidad adaptativa. Se evaluó la respuesta adaptativa de la agricultura andina frente a una variación de la disponibilidad hídrica debido al cambio climático en base al modelo hidro-económico que integra dos módulos: el modelamiento hidrológico en base al SWAT y un modelo económico de optimización en base al PMP. Se determinó una alta vulnerabilidad agrícola frente al cambio climático situación que podría revertirse al aplicar una política agraria en base al uso eficiente del agua.

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