Artículos Economía y Negocios

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Navigating climate pressures: A bibliometric and systematic literature review of climate change strategies in small and medium-sized enterprises
(2025) Díaz Tautiva, Julián Andrés Díaz Tautiva; Barros-Celume, Sebastian; Lecuna, Antonio; Barragan-Rodriguez, Camila
Climate change poses increasingly complex business challenges, particularly in navigating survival and growth in uncertain environments. While substantial research has investigated the relationship between climate change and large organizations, the strategic responses of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) remain underexplored. This study addresses this gap by examining the evolution of scholarly literature on climate-related strategies in SMEs, identifying key trends, and outlining future research directions. Through a systematic literature review of 91 articles from the Web of Science database, we applied bibliometric techniques, including co-citation and bibliographic coupling analyses, paired with a thematic cluster analysis to uncover the new trends in the field. Our findings reveal that this domain entered a "Development Phase" in 2020, with contributions predominantly concentrated in Europe and Asia, highlighting significant regional disparities in research focus and contexts. Six thematic clusters from bibliographic coupling and three from co-citation analysis illustrate the diverse yet fragmented foundations of the field. We emphasize the need to expand the geographic and institutional diversity of the field by proposing targeted avenues for future research that consider the institutional, cultural, and sectoral contexts shaping SMEs’ climate-related strategies. By advancing theoretical frameworks and policy-relevant insights, we aim to inform effective interventions for mitigating climate challenges globally.
Women’s Participation in Top Management Business Positions and the Internationalization Process. Evidence for Chilean Companies
(2025) Gallegos Mardones, Juan; Ibáñez Caamaño, María José
In recent times, women have been increasing their participation in company management positions, occupying positions on the board of directors, and making strategic decisions with a view to the international expansion of the firms. However, the evidence of the participation of women in the processes of internationalization of companies is not conclusive or adequate for emerging economies, such as those in Latin America. Based on this premise, we conducted this research using data from 1,246 firms included in the Fifth Longitudinal Survey of Chilean Companies. These companies are categorized into four industries: 98 in extractive, 149 in manufacturing, 285 in Commercial, and 714 in services. A Tobit regression model to estimate the influence of the presence of women in senior management and gender diversity on boards on the export intensity of the company. The main findings show that women in the position of CEO and a higher percentage of women on boards of directors do not affect the export intensity of the company. They also show that the relationship between foreign ownership and export intensity was positive and, finally, that export intensity did not depend on gender diversity in high-level administrative positions. An important limitation of this research is not having a data panel for each company to estimate their evolution over time thus, as well as information related to compensation contracts for management teams. For future research, we are interested in studying the effect of ownership on the internationalization process.
Global Events Demand Global Data: COVID-19 Crisis Responses and the Future of Selling and Sales Management Around the Globe
(2025) Rouziou, Maria; Bolander, Willy; Peesker, Karen; Hautamäki, Pia; Rangarajan, Deva; Samaraweera, Manoshi; Bullemore, Jorge; Klein, Michel; Agnihotri, Raj; Burgdorff Jensen, Karina; Pimentel Claro, Danny; Fournier, Christophe; Gonzalez, Gabriel R.; Guenzi, Paolo; Kadić-Maglajlić, Selma; Lai-Bennejean, Christine; Palomino-Tamayo, Walter; Ramos, Carla; Ryals, Lynette; Salas, Jim; Shi, Huanhuan; Squire, Philip; Westphal, Jörg
In the context of the global crisis presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, the authors investigate the perspectives of sales managers regarding their organizations’ responses to the crisis and future expectations in a post-COVID-19 world. While there has been much discussion about these topics in the sales literature, very little research has examined them globally by collecting data from many nations and across many continents. Yet, how can global events be understood without analyzing global data? In response, the authors convened the first, to their knowledge, global data coalition by hosting video-recorded group interviews with 76 sales executives representing 27 nations. This inductive investigation, informed by institutional logics, reveals how organizations accepted new norms, retained old ones, or blended the old with the new in response to the crisis. The results simultaneously validate certain emerging concepts on a global scale (e.g., customer success management, bricolage) and give rise to several insights not currently detailed by extant scholarship (e.g., localization, cultural cringe). This work also catalyzes new, relevant avenues for international research and sheds light on issues facing sales practice globally.
The role of culture as an informal institution in cross-border venture capital investments
(2024) Mahn, Daniel; Poblete Cazenave, Carlos; Wang, Cong; Heaton, Chris
Grounded in Hofstede cultural dimensions theory, we examine how informal institutional factors shape cross-country venture capital (VC) flows. Separating VC activity into flows, our method studies how an increment in inflows supports ventures, and an increment in outflows more investing activity. Results suggest that (1) uncertainty avoidance negatively affects investors and ventures (the last with a larger effect), (2) individualistic attitudes equally support both investors and ventures, and (3) a higher level of power distance contributes to a larger private investors sector, an effect that is greater under strong formal institutions (FIs). Effects of masculinity, long-term orientation, and indulgence are inconclusive. Results are robust to various specifications, use of instruments, and endogeneity treatments. The implication is that the optimal characteristics of informal institutions for fostering VC activity differ depending on the level of FIs, as both institutions interact to affect both investors and ventures.
Efficiency and the Common Good: A Necessary Bond
(2025) Arancibia-Collao, Fernando; Edwards Guzmán, Gonzalo; Hodge, Cristián; Zurita, Felipe
The central issue of the article is the interrelation between the common good and economic efficiency. We want to argue that 1) an interrelation between the idea of common good and the conception of economic efficiency is possible, and 2) that this interrelation is fruitful and constructive for the use of an ethically informed concept of economic efficiency that can be useful in public policy analysis. To this goal, 1) we will analyze various concepts of the common good in the literature; 2) we will carry out an exercise of theoretical interrelation between economic efficiency and the common good.
Reacting to criticism: What motivates top leaders to respond substantively to negative social performance feedback?
(2025) Chliova, Myrto; Cacciotti, Gabriella; Kautonen, Teemu; Pavez, Ignacio
The responses of organizations in situations of negative feedback from stakeholders are attracting increasing scholarly and societal attention. The literature has so far largely focused on situational factors that direct such responses, while calling for a more acute examination of individual factors. Anchored in Stakeholder Theory and Trait Activation Theory, this study examines how and to what extent prosocial motivation (a normative-oriented trait) and fear of failure (an instrumental-oriented trait) determine organizational leaders’ substantive responses to negative social performance feedback. We test our predictions on two waves of original survey data, including a conjoint experiment, on a sample of leaders of young organizations. Our findings contribute to literature and practice related to organizational responses to social performance feedback.
Knocking on Heaven’s Door? Entrepreneurship, Firm Growth, and Health Risks
(2025) Partanen, Jukka; Tenhiälä, Aino; Kautonen, Teemu; Jokela, Markus; Lerner, Daniel A.; McKelvie, Alexander
We examine the physical health consequences to entrepreneurs of firm growth and decline. Using register-based panel data (2000–2021), we find that entrepreneurs and hired CEOs are, on average, healthier and live longer than individuals from a socio-economically similar random sample from the general population. However, our findings also reveal that entrepreneurs are more likely to fall ill during their tenure and die younger than hired CEOs. Importantly, our findings demonstrate that both cumulative exposure to growth and episodic, rapid declines in sales and in the number of employees are equally taxing for entrepreneurs and hired CEOs
Evolving Bonds: The Dynamic Role of Place Attachment in the Entrepreneurial Journey
(2025) Poblete, Carlos; Rifo, Sergio; Molina, Marcela
This study explores how place attachment unfolds within an entrepreneur’s narrative. This inquiry addresses a gap in understanding the dynamic nature of entrepreneurs' bonds with their place at different life stages. By introducing a dynamic conception of time, the study challenges the static approach traditionally used to study the relationship between entrepreneur and place attachment, emphasizing that elements of attachment can shift in relevance over time. Place attachment is a fluctuating phenomenon, where transitions throughout the entrepreneurial journey influence how psychological processes vary, shaping changing interpretations across an entrepreneur’s life, including succession planning. The study identifies three distinct trajectories that contributes to a deeper understanding of the interplay between individual experiences, environmental dynamics, and societal challenges in entrepreneurship.
The role of conscious awareness in the relationship betweenentrepreneurs’ hubris and the degree of internationalization
(2025) Poblete, Carlos; Aktas, Arda
Entrepreneurs’ internationalization decisions are often shaped not only by market opportunities but also by psychological biases. Among these, hubris—an exaggerated form of confidence—has been recognized as a driver of aggressive expansion, yet its value as a strategic rationale remains questionable. This study argues that hubris-driven internationalization is prone to overreach and examines conscious awareness—the metacognitive ability to recognize and regulate one’s own biases—as a corrective mechanism. Results suggest that hubristic entrepreneurs are more likely to internationalize intensively in early venture stages or when they perceive their ventures as innovative. However, higher levels of conscious awareness of contextual realities attenuate this effect, while prior entrepreneurial experience does not consistently constrain hubris and may, under certain conditions, amplify it. By theorizing and testing conscious awareness as a safeguard against hubris, this study provides actionable insights for fostering more reflective and strategically sound internationalization.
Managing Capabilities for Achieving Net Zero via a Circular Economy: A Multilevel Framework
(2025) Jenni Kaipainen; Olga Dziubaniuk; Mikko Sairanen; Leena Aarikka-Stenroos; Santa-Maria, Tomas
orporate management faces increasing pressure to achieve both net-zero and circular economy (CE) goals. As organizations rarely manage this alone, they must develop novel capabilities within themselves and across their value chains and ecosystems. To explore capability development for achieveing net zero via circularity, we adopt a multilevel approach to capabilities theory. We explore an emerging innovation ecosystem and its two key value chains by interviewing 12 organizations pursuing carbon circulation in Finland. The findings are conceptualized into a framework that highlights the need for novel multilevel capabilities to achieve net zero via circularity (i) at organizational level, to improve operations, logistics, and risk management and anticipate policy development; (ii) at value-chain level, to manage risks, sustainability, synergy exploitation and new business logic; and (iii) at ecosystem level, for systemic knowledge development, system optimization, institutional co-creation and regionality. Managing capability development from organizational to value-chain level involves orchestrated or dispersed knowledge-sharing and value chain design, while at the ecosystem level, it requires a hybrid of these approaches involving knowledge-sharing, collaborative sensemaking and institutional co-creation. The findings advance management science and practice with insights into the diversity, allocation and foundational role of organizational-level capabilities in developing chain- and ecosystem-level capabilities.
Shielded by business ownership? The role of senior entrepreneurship as a defense mechanism against ageism
(2025) Poblete, Carlos; Mandakovic, Vesna; Apablaza, Mauricio
Purpose — This paper examines the role of entrepreneurship in mitigating age-based discrimination. It investigates whether entrepreneurship among older adults can serve as a protective mechanism against ageism. Design/methodology/approach — Using Chilean data between 2015 and 2022 comprising nearly 3,500 elderly individuals, we analyze the relationship between senior entrepreneurship and perceptions of age-based discrimination. We assess how participation in entrepreneurial activities affects older adults' experiences of ageism compared to traditional employment settings. Findings — The results reveal that older adults engaged in entrepreneurial activities are significantly less likely to perceive age-based discrimination. This indicates a negative association between senior entrepreneurship and ageism, suggesting that self-employment may act as a buffer against the negative stereotypes and prejudices faced by older individuals in the labor market. However, entrepreneurship’s protective effects are contingent on the absence of hierarchical dynamics of team leadership that reintroduce age as a salient and stigmatized identity. Research limitations/Implications — Discrimination against the elderly undermines their economic opportunities, societal contributions, and, most importantly, their dignity. Although the study is centered on Chile, its findings offer broader insights into ageism in workforce globally, specially in emerging economis. This highlights the need for further research to explore the impact of senior entrepreneurship in other contexts and economies. Originality/Value — This study contributes to the existing literature by highlighting the potential of senior entrepreneurship as a strategy to combat age discrimination. Unlike previous research, this paper provides insights into the unique challenges and opportunities faced by older adults in an emerging economy characterized by extensive informal markets, weaker institutional frameworks and accelerated aiging. Practical implications — The research advocates for a paradigm shift in societal perceptions of aging and labor market participation. It underscores the importance of supporting senior entrepreneurship through targeted policies and programs. By creating an entrepreneurial ecosystem that meets the specific needs of older adults, policymakers can enhance their economic and social contributions, promoting a more inclusive and equitable labor market.
Women in corporate networks: An introduction
(2024) Ginalski, Stéphanie; Salvaj, Erica; Pak, Susie; Taksa, Lucy
this article is designed as an introduction to the Business History specialissue, ‘Women in corporate networks’. to begin, we address the maintheoretical and methodological issues. We argue that business histori-ans should engage in greater dialogue with feminist approaches, bywhich we mean a study of the gendered nature of power relations inbusiness networks. We show that network analysis can be a useful toolfor mapping the gendered structure of the corporate elite. We alsoargue that empirical analysis should focus on the profile of firms, whichhave recruited – or excluded – women, and provide historical profilesof women who made their way onto corporate boards. We then presentthe main results of the empirical case studies conducted in the specialissue, highlighting the similarities and differences in the nationalcontexts. Finally, we discuss the limits of the concept of ‘board diversity’and its application
Ideological evolution of social entrepreneurship: Insightsfrom Chile 1960–2020
(2025) Bartona, Marieshka; Kimmitta, Jonathan; Poblete, Carlos; Muñoz, Pablo
Social entrepreneurship is often framed as a transformative force foraddressing societal challenges, yet its ideological underpinnings remainunderexplored, particularly outside of the Global North. This studyaddresses this omission by exploring the role of ideologies in shapingthe evolution of social entrepreneurship in Chile between 1960 and2020, a context marked by ideological polarisation as well as a vibrantcontemporary social entrepreneurship sector. We use historical meth-ods to explore the role of Catholic Social Teaching and neoliberalism inshaping approaches to social welfare, leading to social entrepreneur-ship’s emergence (1990–2010) and growth (2010–2020). Our findingsreveal an ideological synthesis that forms the basis for contemporarysocial entrepreneurship, underpinned by dimensions of messianism,markets, and managerialism. By highlighting the role of religious andeconomic ideologies in structuring the field, we offer new insights intothe contested nature of social entrepreneurship and its role in contemporary social change.
The role of culture as an informal institution in cross-border venture capital investment
(2024) Mahn, Daniel; Poblete, Carlos; Wang, Cong; Heaton, Chris
Grounded in Hofstede cultural dimensions theory, we examine how informal institutional factors shape cross-country venture capital (VC) flows. Separating VC activity into flows, our method studies how an increment in inflows supports ventures, and an increment in outflows more investing activity. Results suggest that (1) uncertainty avoidance negatively affects investors and ventures (the last with a larger effect), (2) individualistic attitudes equally support both investors and ventures, and (3) a higher level of power distance contributes to a larger private investors sector, an effect that is greater under strong for mal institutions (FIs). Effects of masculinity, long-term orientation, and indulgence are inconclusive. Results are robust to various specifications, use of instruments, and endogeneity treatments. The implication is that the optimal characteristics of informal institutions for fostering VC activity differ depending on the level of FIs, as both institutions interact to affect both investors and ventures.
Entrepreneurial identity construction among communitarians: Unraveling the psychological mechanisms
(2025) Poblete, Carlos; Acuña, Cristina; Mahn, Daniel; Rifo, Felipe
Purpose – Nurturing the social identity approach, encompassing social identity theory and self-categorisation theory, this study aims to unravel the process of entrepreneurial identity construction among communitarians. It seeks to uncover the psychological mechanisms through which entrepreneurs categorise themselves as communitarians, highlighting the importance of community salience, trust, and engagement. Design/methodology/approach – This quantitative study comprises a sample consisting of 253 entrepreneurs. This research presents a sequential mediation model, drawing on salience, trust, and engagement as antecedents of social entrepreneurial identity. By analysing the step-by-step mediation process, the research offers a nuanced understanding of how these community dynamics contribute to shaping entrepreneurial identity. Findings – Entrepreneurs deeply connected to their communities do not naturally identify as communitarians; rather, it is the trust they build and the engagement they foster that shape their entrepreneurial identity. Communal bonds are not merely a backdrop for entrepreneurship but a driving force that moulds identity and action. This study evidenced that the salience of community positively influences community trust and engagement, which, in turn, enhances the development of entrepreneurial identity as communitarians. This underscores the role of social dynamics in shaping entrepreneurial attitudes, beliefs and behaviours. Originality/value – This research confers a deeper understanding of how entrepreneurs construct and enact their identities, shedding light on the dynamic interplay between social context, shaping attitudes, cognition, and behaviours. Exploring entrepreneurial identity among communitarians, offers new insights into how social dynamics shape entrepreneurial actions. The study’s value extends to practical applications, offering guidance for policymakers and community leaders in fostering supportive environments that enhance entrepreneurship through greater community engagement and trust
Human-animal mutualism in regenerative entrepreneurship
(2024) Muñoz, Pablo; Hernandez, Mauricio
In this paper, we explore the micro-interactions through which a regenerative enterprise engages with proximate natural ecosystems in its attempt to repair and protect them. Through an ethnographic study of a regenerative farming enterprise in rural Southern Patagonia - Fundo Panguilemu - we discover a reciprocal relationship between the enterprise and animals, central to their regenerative efforts. This relationship is formed and actively maintained by the founders through three practices – joint rewilding, ambivalent relationality, and task interdependence. We leverage nature relatedness to conceptualize the relationship between these practices as human-animal mutualism in regenerative work. We advance regenerative entrepreneurship research by revealing novel human-nature interactions formed and fostered by a rural enterprise in the pursuit of local regeneration and expand our understanding of micro-level phenomena in rural entrepreneurship.
How founders harness tensions in hybrid venture development
(2024) Muñoz, Pablo; Farny, Steffen; Kibler, Ewald; Salmivaara, Virva
Although the simultaneous presence of multiple ambitions is inherent in hybrid venturing, pursuing social and/or environmental missions while securing commercial viability can generate ambivalence among stakeholders. In this study, we draw on the notion of “holism” to show how venture founders both embrace tensioned ambitions and sustain hybridity during critical venture development phases. Based on 6 years of data on The People’s Supermarket in the United Kingdom, we identify three distinct practices—fantasizing, bartering, and conjuring—used by founders to harness tensions productively, without compromising their venture’s multiple ambitions. These practices demonstrate the founders’ ability to maintain a venture’s hybrid nature throughout the ideation, organizational, and scale-up phases, thereby shedding light on the application of “holism” within the realm of hybrid venturing.
Emerging energy sources' social acceptability:
(2024) Ponce, Roberto D.; Estay, M.; Barrientos, M.; Estevez, R.A.; Gelcich, S.; Vásquez Lavín, Felipe
Any decrease in global warming and its effects can only occur with a substantial reduction in anthropogenic CO2 emissions. In this context, renewable energy sources, particularly emerging sources, may play a central role in accelerating the transition from fossil fuels to cleaner energy sources. Emerging energy sources are renewable and have the potential to reduce global warming emissions; however, they are in the early development stages. These technologies include enhanced geothermal processes, artificial photosynthesis, and marine energy. In this study, we assess the main attributes that determine the social acceptance of renewable marine energy projects, highlighting individual preferences and heterogeneity for these projects. The results show that energy generation, ecological impact, job creation, co-ownership, and distributional justice are statistically significant attributes that support projects. However, individual preferences are highly heterogeneous. The existence of distinct classes (two in this case) with different preferences for marine energy attributes indicates that the one-size-fits-all approach may be inappropriate. Instead, policymakers and energy producers should tailor their proposals to meet the needs of both groups, considering their preferences and concerns.
University technology transfer ofces’ capabilities in responding to societal challenges:
(2024) Roncancio‑Marin, Jason; Guerrero, Maribel
Over the last decades, the University Technology Transfer Ofces (UTTOs) literature has focused on how technology transfer contributes to economic development and only a few studies have focused on social development. This study explores how UTTOs transform into ambidextrous organizations capable of simultaneously addressing economic and social challenges, during external crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Particularly, we explore which dynamic capabilities and strategies should be developed or reconfgured by UTTOs to respond to complex societal challenges. We conducted an exploratory qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with 20 UTTO ofcials from universities across Europe, North America, and Latin America, carried out in 2020 and 2021. Our fndings show that UTTOs reconfgured their dynamic capabilities and implemented inclusive strategies, such as fexible intellectual property models, inclusive technology transfer practices, and newmetrics that integrate social value. These adaptations enable UTTOs to respond efectively to the COVID-19 pandemic by facilitating the translation of impactful technologies to societal needs. We propose a theoretical framework that incorporates the role of dynamic capabilities—sensing, seizing, and transforming—into how UTTOs align economic and social goals by translating knowledge-creation processes to make discoveries that address social needs and fnancial opportunities. This study highlights some strategic implications based on the emergence of ambidextrous UTTOs, which focus on simultaneously driving both economic and social impacts.
Class, gender and the work of working-class women amid turbulent times
(2024) Warren, Tracy; Torres, Luis; Lyonette, Clare; Tarlo, Ruth
The article focuses on the work of working-class women (WCW) amid turbulent times. Its timespan is just prior to and during the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK. The women's work, and the key skills involved, are fundamental to everyday lives, but both have been under-valued and under-rewarded. The pandemic shone a fresh light on the societal importance of this work and highlighted how its under-valuation and the women's systemic low pay and inferior working conditions have serious ramifications not only for individual workers and their families but for the provision of key services. The article centres WCW, at the intersection of classed and gendered disadvantage, to ask about inequalities in work experiences. Analysing nationally representative samples of thousands of workers in the UK prior to and as Covid-19 rolled out, we compare WCW with other workers. We show that the women faced both persistent and new inequalities at work: enduring low earnings, pandemic-led risks to jobs and paid hours, little opportunity to work from home or flexibly, and stressful key working roles. We reveal the heavily classed nature of some of these findings, show that others were more strongly gendered, while still others were classed and gendered outcomes that require intersectional analyses of the women's working lives.

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