Artículos Ciencias de la Salud

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A comprehensive health efects assessment of the use of sanitizers and disinfectants during COVID‑19 pandemic: a global survey
(2023) Hashemi, Fallah; Hoepner, Lori; Soleimani Hamidinejad, Farahnaz; Haluza, Daniela; Afrashteh, Sima; Abbasi, Alireza; Omeragić, Elma; Imamović, Belma; Rasheed, Narin A.; Taher, Taqi M. J.; Kurniasari, Fitri; Wazqar, Dhuha Youssef; Apalı, Özge Ceren; Yildirim, Ayca Demir; Zhao, Bo; Kalikyan, Zaruhi; Guo, Cui; Chong Valbuena, Andrea; Mititelu, Magdalena; Martínez Pando, Carolina; Saridi, Maria; Toska, Aikaterini; Lopez Cuba, Magalys; Kwablah Kwadzokpui, Precious; Tadele, Niguse; Nasibova, Tohfa; Harsch, Stefanie; Munkh‑Erdene, Luvsan; Menawi, Wafaa; Evangelou, Efi; Dimova, Antoniya; Marinov, Dimitar; Dimitrova, Teodora; Shalimova, Anna; Fouly, Howieda; Suraya, Anna; Pereira da Silva Faquim, Juliana; Oumayma, Bouadil; Annunziato, Maria Antonieta; Narvaez, Carmen Gloria; Narváez, Carmen Gloria
COVID-19 has affected all aspects of human life so far. From the outset of the pandemic, preventing the spread of COVID-19 through the observance of health protocols, especially the use of sanitizers and disinfectants was given more attention. Despite the effectiveness of disinfection chemicals in controlling and preventing COVID-19, there are critical concerns about their adverse effects on human health. This study aims to assess the health effects of sanitizers and disinfectants on a global scale. A total of 91,056 participants from 154 countries participated in this cross-sectional study. Information on the use of sanitizers and disinfectants and health was collected using an electronic questionnaire, which was translated into 26 languages via web-based platforms. The findings of this study suggest that detergents, alcohol-based substances, and chlorinated compounds emerged as the most prevalent chemical agents compared to other sanitizers and disinfectants examined. Most frequently reported health issues include skin effects and respiratory effects. The Chi-square test showed a significant association between chlorinated compounds (sodium hypochlorite and per-chlorine) with all possible health effects under investigation (p-value <0.001). Examination of risk factors based on multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that alcohols and alcohols-based materials were associated with skin effects (OR, 1.98; 95%CI, 1.87–2.09), per-chlorine was associated with eye effects (OR, 1.83; 95%CI, 1.74–1.93), and highly likely with itching and throat irritation (OR, 2.00; 95%CI, 1.90–2.11). Furthermore, formaldehyde was associated with a higher prevalence of neurological effects (OR, 2.17; 95%CI, 1.92–2.44). Furthermore, formaldehyde was associated with a higher prevalence of neurological effects (OR, 2.17; 95%CI, 1.92–2.44). The use of sodium hypochlorite and per-chlorine also had a high chance of having respiratory effects. The findings of the current study suggest that health authorities need to implement more awareness programs about the side effects of using sanitizers and disinfectants during viral epidemics especially when they are used or overused.
A functional dissociation of the left frontal regions that contribute to single word production tasks
(2021) Ekert, Justyna O.; Lorca-Puls, Diego L.; Gajardo-Vidal, Andrea; Criniond, Jennifer T.; Hope, Thomas M.H.; Greene, David W.; Price, Cathy J.
Controversy surrounds the interpretation of higher activation for pseudoword compared to word reading in the left precentral gyrus and pars opercularis. Specifically, does activation in these regions reflect: (1) the demands on sublexical assembly of articulatory codes, or (2) retrieval effort because the combinations of articulatory codes are unfamiliar? Using fMRI, in 84 neurologically intact participants, we addressed this issue by comparing reading and repetition of words (W) and pseudowords (P) to naming objects (O) from pictures or sounds. As objects do not provide sublexical articulatory cues, we hypothesis that retrieval effort will be greater for object naming than word repetition/reading (which benefits from both lexical and sublexical cues); while the demands on sublexical assembly will be higher for pseudoword production than object naming. We found that activation was: (i) highest for pseudoword reading [P>O&W in the visual modality] in the anterior part of the ventral precentral gyrus bordering the precentral sulcus (vPCg/vPCs), consistent with the sublexical assembly of articulatory codes; but (ii) as high for object naming as pseudoword production [P&O>W] in dorsal precentral gyrus (dPCg) and the left inferior frontal junction (IFJ), consistent with retrieval demands and cognitive control. In addition, we dissociate the response properties of vPCg/vPCs, dPCg and IFJ from other left frontal lobe regions that are activated during single word speech production. Specifically, in both auditory and visual modalities: a central part of vPCg (head and face area) was more activated for verbal than nonverbal stimuli [P&W>O]; and the pars orbitalis and inferior frontal sulcus were most activated during object naming [O>W&P]. Our findings help to resolve a previous discrepancy in the literature, dissociate three functionally distinct parts of the precentral gyrus, and refine our knowledge of the functional anatomy of speech production in the left frontal lobe.
Adiposidad y perfil lipídico en mujeres posmenopáusicas venezolanas
(2023) Barrios Ospino, Yubire Beatriz; Carías, Diamela; Acosta García, Edgar José; Albornoz González, María Gracia
Durante la menopausia se producen cambios metabólicos que favorecen la ganancia de peso y la obesidad abdominal, lo cual facilita el desarrollo de dislipidemias y aumenta el riesgo cardiovascular. El propósito del estudio fue comparar el perfil lipídico y los índices de riesgo cardiometabólico (IRCM) entre mujeres posmenopáusicas del Municipio Naguanagua, Estado Carabobo, Venezuela, clasificadas de acuerdo con su grado de adiposidad. El estudio fue de corte transversal, descriptivo, en el cual participaron 205 mujeres con una mediana de edad de 56 años. Se evaluaron indicadores de adiposidad: índice de masa corporal (IMC), porcentaje de grasa corporal (PGC), circunferencia de cintura (CC), e índice cintura/talla (ICT); así como el perfil lipídico y los IRCM. Se encontraron altos porcentajes de exceso de peso (80%), exceso de grasa corporal (92%), obesidad abdominal (61%) y riesgo metabólico de acuerdo con el ICT (69%). Las mujeres con obesidad mostraron los valores más bajos de cHDL, y aquellas con grasa muy alta, obesidad abdominal y riesgo metabólico de acuerdo con el ICT, los valores más elevados del índice TG/HDL. Se recomiendan otros estudios en este grupo poblacional para comprender mejor la asociación encontrada entre el grado de adiposidad y las alteraciones en el metabolismo de los lípidos con el fin de tomar acciones preventivas en estos trastornos relacionados con el síndrome metabólico.
Amitriptyline down-regulates coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis in lung cancer cells
(2017) Ortiza, Tamara; Villanueva-Pazc, Marina; Díaz-Parradoa, Eduardo; Illanesa, Matilde; Fernández-Rodríguez, Ana; Sánchez-Alcázarc, José A; de Miguel, Manuel
Amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, has been proposed as an antitumoral drug in oxidative therapy. Its proapoptotic effects, mediated by high reactive oxygen species generation, have been already described. In this study we analysed the effect of amitriptyline on the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ), an essential component for electron transport and a potent membrane antioxidant involved in redox signaling. We treated H460 cells, a non-small-cell lung cancer cell line, with amitriptyline and we analysed CoQ levels by HPLC and CoQ biosynthesis rate, as well as the enzymes involved in CoQ biosynthesis by real-time PCR and Western blot. Amitriptyline treatment induced a dose-dependent decrease in CoQ levels in tumor cells. CoQ decreased levels were associated with down-regulation of the expression of COQ4 gene, as well as decreased Coq4 and Coq6 protein levels. Our findings suggest that the effect of amitriptyline on CoQ biosynthesis highlights the potential of this drug for antitumoral oxidative therapy
Autohemotherapy with ozone as a possible effective treatment for Fibromyalgia
(2019) Moreno, Ana; Macías, Laura; Valverde, Rocío; Ortiz, Tamara; Fernández, Ana; Moliní, Angel; De Miguel, Manuel
Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of autohemotherapy with ozone in the management of fibromyalgia (FM). Design: 20 FM patients (according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology), were treated with 10 sessions of ozone hemotherapy (2 sessions per week) with a concentration of 30-60 mcgr/ml. The health condition of the patients was evaluated before and after treatment, through the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ). Blood samples were obtained from all patients by venous puncture for biochemical routine analysis and serotonin levels in serum and the following peripheral blood mononuclear cells (BMCs) were isolated for oxidative stress quantification: reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and lipid peroxidation (LP) and protein carbonyl (PC) content, as these are signs of oxidative cell damage. Results: All patients treated with ozone reported an improvement in sleep and mental alertness, a marked decrease of asthenia accompanied by a decrease of FIQ as well as tender points, and a moderate increase of serotonin levels. Also, an important decrease of LP and PC was observed; ROS also decreased, although less obvious, which indicates a reduction in oxidative stress levels. Conclusions: The autohemotherapy with ozone in patients with FM showed an important decline of tender points and FIQ score, as well as a decrease of oxidative stress levels. This treatment allows patients to face life with greater vitality and less drug use, diminishing harmful side effects. Further investigation should be carried out, including groups with more patients and clinical trials, to elucidate the effect of ozone therapy in patients suffering from FM.
Better long-term speech outcomes in stroke survivors who received early clinical speech and language therapy: What’s driving recovery?
(2021) Roberts, Sophie; Bruce, Rachel M.; Lim, Louise; Woodgate, Hayley; Ledingham, Kate; Anderson, Storm; Lorca-Puls, Diego L.; Gajardo-Vidal, Andrea; Leff, Alexander P.; Hope, Thomas M.H.; Green, David W.; Crinion, Jennifer T.; Price, Cathy J.
Establishing whether speech and language therapy after stroke has beneficial effects on speaking ability is challenging because of the need to control for multiple non-therapy factors known to influence recovery. We investigated how speaking ability at three time points post-stroke differed in patients who received varying amounts of clinical therapy in the first month post-stroke. In contrast to prior studies, we factored out variance from: initial severity of speaking impairment, amount of later therapy, and left and right hemisphere lesion size and site. We found that speaking ability at one month post-stroke was significantly better in patients who received early therapy (n = 79), versus those who did not (n = 64), and the number of hours of early therapy was positively related to recovery at one year post-stroke. We offer two non-mutually exclusive interpretations of these data: (1) patients may benefit from the early provision of self-management strategies; (2) therapy is more likely to be provided to patients who have a better chance of recovery (e.g., poor physical and/or mental health may impact suitability for therapy and chance of recovery). Both interpretations have implications for future studies aiming to predict individual patients’ speech outcomes after stroke, and their response to therapy.
Biomarcadores Salivales en Pacientes Diagnosticados con Fibrosis Quística, Concepción, 2016
(01/05/2018) Gaete O., Fernanda; Astudillo R., Edgardo; Rojas E., Bastián; Narváez Carrasco, Carmen
El odontólogo como profesional integral del área de la salud, debe tener conocimiento acerca de distintas manifestaciones bioquímicas que pueden tener repercusión en la cavidad oral. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar las manifestaciones bioquímicas y alteraciones en biomarcadores salivales en la cavidad oral producto de la fibrosis quística o del consumo crónico de medicamentos para el tratamiento de la FQ. Se seleccionó un total de cinco personas con fibrosis quística y cuatro personas sanas, pertenecientes a la ciudad de Concepción en la Octava Región de Chile. Se midió pH salival, capacidad buffer, concentración de proteínas totales, tasa de flujo salival estimulado y se determinó presencia de ciertas enzimas salivales en pacientes que padecen la enfermedad. Se pudo evidenciar que el pH salival en sujetos con fibrosis quística tiende a ser mayor a los valores de referencia, la tasa de flujo salival es mucho menor al igual que la capacidad buffer, la concentración de proteínas totales en saliva se encuentra igual a los valores de referencia y se determinó la presencia biomarcadores salivales a través de la técnica de electroforesis. La fibrosis quística afecta de muchas formas a las personas que la padecen, genera cambios a nivel de los biomarcadores salivales como también en la cavidad oral, por lo que el odontólogo debe estar capacitado para identificar estos cambios y poder tratar de la mejor manera a todo tipo de paciente.
Bone Mineral Density in Young Chilean Patients with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
(2016) Mosso, Constanza; Hodgson, María Isabel; Ortiz, Tamara; Reyes, María Loreto
Background: In this study, our aim was to analyze bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and compare them with a healthy reference population; in addition, we aimed to observe the association between BMD and the following variables: age at onset, disease duration, metabolic control, pubertal stage, level of physical activity, clinical parameters and nutrient intake. Methods: A total of 30 patients with T1DM were included in the study. BMD was determined using dual-energy X-ray densitometry (DXA). Participants with a z-score of values >= -1 were accepted as normal; BMDs between -2 and -1 were defined as being in the low range of normality; <= -2 were defined as having low BMD. The 25-hydroxy vitamin D level was classified as sufficient (30-100 ng/mL), insufficient (20-30 ng/mL), and deficient (< 20 ng/mL). Results: The percentages of patients with deficient and insufficient 25(OH) vitamin D levels were 50% and 45.8%, respectively. Lumbar spine (LS2-LS4) BMD, total body (TB) BMD and femoral neck (FN) BMD were found in the normal range for more than 80% of the subjects, with no significant differences due to gender. No strong correlations between clinical variables, biochemical parameters and nutrient intake were observed; however, a moderate positive correlation was found between serum calcium and LS2-LS4 BMD (p < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that serum calcium, duration of diabetes and intake of sodium and protein are significant factors in determining LS2-LS4 BMD and TB BMD. Conclusions: Patients with T1DM had a normal mean BMD at all sites evaluated, except for two patients who had low BMD at the lumbar spine. More than 95% of patients had insufficient or deficient vitamin D levels. With respect to all the variables studied, serum calcium presented the highest significant correlation with LS2-LS4 BMD.
Brain regions that support accurate speech production after damage to Broca’s area
(2021) Lorca-Puls, Diego L.; Gajardo-Vidal, Andrea; PLORAS Team; Oborhuber, Marion; Prejawa, Susan; Hope, Thomas M.H.; Leff, Alexander P.; Green, David W.; Price, Cathy J.
Broca’s area in the posterior half of the left inferior frontal gyrus has traditionally been considered an important node in the speech production network. Nevertheless, recovery of speech production has been reported, to different degrees, within a few months of damage to Broca’s area. Importantly, contemporary evidence suggests that, within Broca’s area, its posterior part (i.e. pars opercularis) plays a more prominent role in speech production than its anterior part (i.e. pars triangularis). In this study, we therefore investigated the brain activation patterns that underlie accurate speech production following stroke damage to the opercular part of Broca’s area. By combining functional MRI and 13 tasks that place varying demands on speech production, brain activation was compared in (i) seven patients of interest with damage to the opercular part of Broca’s area; (ii) 55 neurologically intact controls; and (iii) 28 patient controls with left-hemisphere damage that spared Broca’s area. When producing accurate overt speech responses, the patients with damage to the left pars opercularis activated a substantial portion of the normal bilaterally distributed system. Within this system, there was a lesion-site-dependent effect in a specific part of the right cerebellar Crus I where activation was significantly higher in the patients with damage to the left pars opercularis compared to both neurologically intact and patient controls. In addition, activation in the right pars opercularis was significantly higher in the patients with damage to the left pars opercularis relative to neurologically intact controls but not patient controls (after adjusting for differences in lesion size). By further examining how right Crus I and right pars opercularis responded across a range of conditions in the neurologically intact controls, we suggest that these regions play distinct roles in domain-general cognitive control. Finally, we show that enhanced activation in the right pars opercularis cannot be explained by release from an inhibitory relationship with the left pars opercularis (i.e. dis-inhibition) because right pars opercularis activation was positively related to left pars opercularis activation in neurologically intact controls. Our findings motivate and guide future studies to investigate (i) how exactly right Crus I and right pars opercularis support accurate speech production after damage to the opercular part of Broca’s area and (ii) whether non-invasive neurostimulation to one or both of these regions boosts speech production recovery after damage to the opercular part of Broca’s area.
Computer-guided implant surgery and immediate loading with a modifiable radiographic template in a patient with partial edentulism: A clinical report
(2015) Lanis, Alejandro; Padial-Molina, Miguel; Gamil, Rami; Alvarez del Canto, Orlando
Computer-guided implant surgery in fresh extraction sites is an underdeveloped procedure. The presence of teeth that will be extracted makes the creation of an appropriate radiographic template for virtual simulation of the rehabilitation impossible. A modified radiographic template is presented to define a digital restorative simulation for the maxillary rehabilitation of a patient with partial edentulism. This modification enables 3-dimensional prosthetic virtual information in regions where teeth will be extracted.
Damage to Broca's area does not contribute to long-term speech production outcome after stroke
(2021) Gajardo-Vidal, Andrea; Lorca, Diego; Team, Ploras; Warner, Holly; Pshdary, Bawan; Crinion, Jennifer; Leff, Alexander; Hope, Thomas; Geva, Sharon; Seghier, Mohamed; Green, David; Bowman, Howard; Price, Cathy
Broca's area in the posterior half of the left inferior frontal gyrus has long been thought to be critical for speech production. The current view is that long-term speech production outcome in patients with Broca's area damage is best explained by the combination of damage to Broca's area and neighbouring regions including the underlying white matter, which was also damaged in Paul Broca's two historic cases. Here, we dissociate the effect of damage to Broca's area from the effect of damage to surrounding areas by studying long-term speech production outcome in 134 stroke survivors with relatively circumscribed left frontal lobe lesions that spared posterior speech production areas in lateral inferior parietal and superior temporal association cortices. Collectively, these patients had varying degrees of damage to one or more of nine atlas-based grey or white matter regions: Brodmann areas 44 and 45 (together known as Broca's area), ventral premotor cortex, primary motor cortex, insula, putamen, the anterior segment of the arcuate fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus and frontal aslant tract. Spoken picture description scores from the Comprehensive Aphasia Test were used as the outcome measure. Multiple regression analyses allowed us to tease apart the contribution of other variables influencing speech production abilities such as total lesion volume and time post-stroke. We found that, in our sample of patients with left frontal damage, long-term speech production impairments (lasting beyond 3 months post-stroke) were solely predicted by the degree of damage to white matter, directly above the insula, in the vicinity of the anterior part of the arcuate fasciculus, with no contribution from the degree of damage to Broca's area (as confirmed with Bayesian statistics). The effect of white matter damage cannot be explained by a disconnection of Broca's area, because speech production scores were worse after damage to the anterior arcuate fasciculus with relative sparing of Broca's area than after damage to Broca's area with relative sparing of the anterior arcuate fasciculus. Our findings provide evidence for three novel conclusions: (i) Broca's area damage does not contribute to long-term speech production outcome after left frontal lobe strokes; (ii) persistent speech production impairments after damage to the anterior arcuate fasciculus cannot be explained by a disconnection of Broca's area; and (iii) the prior association between persistent speech production impairments and Broca's area damage can be explained by co-occurring white matter damage, above the insula, in the vicinity of the anterior part of the arcuate fasciculus.
Degeneracy in the neurological model of auditory speech repetition
(2023) Sajid, Noor; Gajardo-Vidal, Andrea; Ekert, Justyna O.; Lorca-Puls, Diego L.; Hope , Thomas M. H.; Green, David W.; Friston, Karl J.; Price, Cathy J.
Both classic and contemporary models of auditory word repetition involve at least four left hemisphere regions: primary auditory cortex for processing sounds; pSTS (within Wernicke’s area) for processing auditory images of speech; pOp (within Broca’s area) for processing motor images of speech; and primary motor cortex for overt speech articulation. Previous functional-MRI (fMRI) studies confirm that auditory repetition activates these regions, in addition to many others. Crucially, however, contemporary models do not specify how regions interact and drive each other during auditory repetition. Here, we used dynamic causal modelling, to test the functional interplay among the four core brain regions during single auditory word and pseudoword repetition. Our analysis is grounded in the principle of degeneracy—i.e., many-to-one structure-function relationships—where multiple neural pathways can execute the same function. Contrary to expectation, we found that, for both word and pseudoword repetition, (i) the effective connectivity between pSTS and pOp was predominantly bidirectional and inhibitory; (ii) activity in the motor cortex could be driven by either pSTS or pOp; and (iii) the latter varied both within and between individuals. These results suggest that different neural pathways can support auditory speech repetition. This degeneracy may explain resilience to functional loss after brain damage.
Dietary intake, Body Composition, and Physical Activity among Young Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
(2015) Mosso, Constanza; Halabi, Victoria; Ortiz, Tamara; Hodgson, María Isabel
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess dietary intake, nutritional status, body composition, and physical activity level in a group of Chilean children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), compare these parameters with the recommendations of the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD), and determine the relationships between dietary intake, body composition, and diabetes control. Methods: A total of 30 patients with T1DM (aged 15.2 +/- 4.0 years) were included. Dietary intake was assessed using a 92-item quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Body composition was determined using dual-energy X-ray densitometry. Physical activity was assessed by means of a survey. Results: The energy intake of these patients was derived from 21.4% protein, 48% carbohydrates, and 31.2% fat. The glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) was significantly correlated with fat as grams per day (r: 0.363, p < 0.05) and calories per day (r: 0.364, p < 0.05). The mean body fat percentage in females was 31.2% and 20.2% in males (p < 0.01) and the mean amount of physical activity was 4.5 +/- 2.7 h per week. Conclusions: The study patients had a higher protein intake than recommended by ISPAD. Dietary carbohydrate intake was rather low, and dietary fat intake was the same as the limits recommended by ISPAD. Diabetic control was significantly correlated with protein, carbohydrates, fat, and sodium intake. The girls in the study had a higher percentage of body fat than the standard recommendations for their age. The level of physical activity was adequate.
Dissociating the functions of three left posterior superior temporal regions that contribute to speech perception and production
(2021) Ekert, Justyna; Gajardo-Vidal, Andrea; Lorca, Diego; Hope, Thomas; Dick, Fred; Crinionc, Jennifer; Greend, David; Price, Cathy
Prior studies have shown that the left posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) and left temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) both contribute to phonological short-term memory, speech perception and speech production. Here, by conducting a within-subjects multi-factorial fMRI study, we dissociate the response profiles of these regions and a third region - the anterior ascending terminal branch of the left superior temporal sulcus (atSTS), which lies dorsal to pSTS and ventral to TPJ. First, we show that each region was more activated by (i) 1-back matching on visually presented verbal stimuli (words or pseudowords) compared to 1-back matching on visually presented non-verbal stimuli (pictures of objects or non-objects), and (ii) overt speech production than 1-back matching, across 8 types of stimuli (visually presented words, pseudowords, objects and non-objects and aurally presented words, pseudowords, object sounds and meaningless hums). The response properties of the three regions dissociated within the auditory modality. In left TPJ, activation was higher for auditory stimuli that were non-verbal (sounds of objects or meaningless hums) compared to verbal (words and pseudowords), irrespective of task (speech production or 1-back matching). In left pSTS, activation was higher for non-semantic stimuli (pseudowords and hums) than semantic stimuli (words and object sounds) on the dorsal pSTS surface (dpSTS), irrespective of task. In left atSTS, activation was not sensitive to either semantic or verbal content. The contrasting response properties of left TPJ, dpSTS and atSTS was cross-validated in an independent sample of 59 participants, using region-by-condition interactions. We also show that each region participates in non-overlapping networks of frontal, parietal and cerebellar regions. Our results challenge previous claims about functional specialisation in the left posterior superior temporal lobe and motivate future studies to determine the timing and directionality of information flow in the brain networks involved in speech perception and production.
Efficacy of combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy versus radiotherapy for oral squamous cell carcinoma
(2015) Irisarri Arévalo, Jaime; Oliva Mella, Patricio
Introduction: in the last decade, with all the advanced medical research in the treatments for cancer, there is a constant debate for the best possible treatment for oral squamous cell carcinomas. Radiotherapy with surgery has they compared with the addition of chemotherapy for control of the disease or survival of the patient. Objective: to compare the effectiveness of radiotherapy with combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy for the control of oral squamous cell carcinomas. Methods: it was a systematic review with metaanalysis. Randomized trials in all phases were search with specific inclusion criteria through electronic database, hand searching and contacting experts in the field. After exclusion, criteria and the use of critical review checklist, three trials they selected for analysis. Three randomized trials representing 508 patients they identified. Some trials they analyzed in Review manager software 5.0®. The fix effect model they chosen for the statistical analysis, assuming that any observed variation in the score was an error of the specific article, with a confidence of 95 % (CI 1.13–2.77). The I2 presents percent of heterogeneity of 0 %, indicating that there is no clinically significant change in the results of the studies included. Result: evidenced the significance of 0.44 (higher than 0.05) in the chi square test indicating that the results are homogeneous or clinically similar. The Forest plot is located in the experimental group (chemotherapy and radiotherapy), establishing the clinical recommendation of use. Conclusion: the usage of chemotherapy treatment in combination of radiotherapy regimen they recommended as for its promising results. Not also, the overall survival has improved, survival and distant metastasis free rates improve.
Electromyographic activity of the sphenomandibularis and lateral pterygoid human muscles during mandibular lateral movements
(2012) Fuentes, Edgardo; Frugone, Raúl; Paolinelli, C; Hack, G D; Bittner, V
Aim. Understanding of the functional anatomy of the Sphenomandibularis muscle (SM) is limited. In order to begin to elucidate its function, the present authors determined, using electromyographic evaluations, that the (SM) displays signifcantly more electromyographic (EMG) activity (during jaw movement excursions from edge to edge to maximal intercuspation with occlusive force), than does the lateral pterygoid muscle. Methods. A descriptive, non-experimental study was conducted. Electromyographic recordings were performed with depth electrodes during movements of the mandible, both with and without occlusal contact. Five male subjects between 18 and 27 years of age underwent electromyographic study of the SM and lateral pterygoid muscles. EM activity was observed to occur only in the lateral pterygoid muscle (and not the SM), during lateral movements, with and without tooth contact, on a working side movement. Results. During both contralateral movements, without tooth contact, and also during ipsilateral movements with forced occlusal contact, we observed an increase in the SM only. During mandibular movements, from lateral to medial with forced occlusal contact, we observed strong EM activity in both muscles, with the EM activity being greater in the SM. Conclusion. The authors conclude that the SM is a lateral pterygoid agonist; coming into play during the last phase of mastication, and may play an important role in eccentric bruxism
Enhanced left superior parietal activation during successful speech production in patients with left dorsal striatal damage and error-prone neurotypical participants
(2023) Geva, Sharon; Schneider, Letitia M.; Khan, Shamima; Lorca-Puls, Diego L.; gajardo vidal; Gajardo-Vidal, Andrea; PLORAS team; Hope, Thomas M. H.; Green, David W.; Price, Cathy J.
Functional imaging studies of neurotypical adults report activation in the left putamen during speech production. The current study asked how stroke survivors with left putamen damage are able to produce correct spoken responses during a range of speech production tasks. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, activation during correct speech production responses was assessed in 5 stroke patients with circumscribed left dorsal striatal lesions, 66 stroke patient controls who did not have focal left dorsal striatal lesions, and 54 neurotypical adults. As a group, patients with left dorsal striatal damage (our patients of interest) showed higher activation than neurotypical controls in the left superior parietal cortex during successful speech production. This effect was not specific to patients with left dorsal striatal lesions as we observed enhanced activation in the same region in some patient controls and also in more error-prone neurotypical participants. Our results strongly suggest that enhanced left superior parietal activation supports speech production in diverse challenging circumstances, including those caused by stroke damage. They add to a growing body of literature indicating how upregulation within undamaged parts of the neural systems already recruited by neurotypical adults contributes to recovery after stroke.
Evaluación de una intervención en actividad física en niños con síndrome de Down
(2011) Mosso C., Constanza; Santander V., Patricia; Pettinelli R., Paulina; Valdés G., Marcela; Celis B., Magdalena; Espejo S., Fabián; Navarro M., Lecter; Sepúlveda V., Francisco
Introducción: En Chile no existen estudios acerca del efecto de la actividad física sobre el estado nutricional en niños con síndrome de Down. Objetivo: Conocer el estado nutricional en niños con síndrome de Down y la capacidad aeróbica y resistencia al esfuerzo muscular antes y después de una intervención en actividad física. Material y Método: Entre agosto y noviembre del año 2006, en un grupo de 18 niños (10 hombres y 8 mujeres) con síndrome de Down, con edades comprendidas entre 5 - 9 años, se desarrolló un estudio de intervención en actividad física de 12 semanas, realizándose una evaluación diagnóstica y una evaluación final de resistencia muscular (dorsal, abdominal y cuádriceps) y capacidad aeróbica. Se evaluó el estado nutricional a través de P/E y T/E (Fundación Catalana), IMC, IP/T y porcentaje de masa grasa. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias significativas en resistencia muscular, capacidad aeróbica, IP/T y circunferencia de cintura entre el pre-test y post-test (p < 0,05). Al inicio de la intervención un 53% presentaba exceso de peso según IMC, un 26% según P/E y un 68% según IP/T; con un porcentaje masa grasa fue de 22,6%. Conclusión: Aunque el tiempo de intervención fue breve, se observó una mejora significativa en la resistencia muscular, capacidad aeróbica, IP/T y circunferencia de cintura. De acuerdo a nuestros resultados, existe una alta prevalencia de malnutrición por exceso en esta población de niños con SD en la que se hace vital intervenir con una actividad física adecuada
Evaluation of Bone Loss and Success / Failure of Titanium Implant Positioning with Immediate and Late Charge, Used in Full Arch Restorations at 12 Months of Implant.
(2016) Guerrero, María Dolores; Cid, Gonzalo; Oliva, Patricio
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bone level and the success and failure of loaded implants positioned immediately after extraction for full-arch restorations and compare the results obtained with implants placed in healed alveoli, in a period of 12 months, to determine the best alternative. A systematic review based on prospective randomized clinical trials, and randomized or nonrandomized controlled and uncontrolled trials evaluating failure and bone resorption of immediate loaded implants, positioned in post extraction and healed sockets in adult patients for full arch rehabilitations. Data from clinical trials were entered into Review Manager® software. Two meta-analyzes for different variables to analyze and subsequently a sensitivity analysis to eliminate bias caused studies were performed. From a total of 431 implants studied, 16 of them failed, 11 of which had been positioned immediately after the extraction. Three of the authors of the review considered agree that there are more successful and less bone loss in implants positioned so late. To implant-supported full-arch restorations fixed or removable, late positioning protocol proved to be a better alternative since it showed a lower failure rate and less bone loss.
Factores pronósticos que influyen en los resultados de tratamiento de la periimplantitis: Una revisión sistemática
(2023) Sánchez, Camila; Asenjo, Claudia; Jofré, Jorge
Objetivo: Esta revisión sistemática tiene como objetivo identificar los factores pronósticos y/o determinantes del éxito del tratamiento de la periimplantitis. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica estructurada y exhaustiva para identificar referencias relevantes en las bases de datos MEDLINE (PubMed), Scielo y Springerlik. La estrategia de búsqueda se realizó combinando los términos periimplantitis con factores pronósticos y / o determinantes del éxito del tratamiento como MeSH y texto libre combinando con los operadores booleanos AND y OR. Se utilizó la clasificación de SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network) para analizar el nivel de evidencia. Resultados: De los 239 artículos revisados, 17 cumplieron con los criterios de selección para el análisis cualitativo de la evidencia. Conclusiones: El tipo de implante (macro y microgeometría) y la morfología del defecto, los cuales dificulta el acceso a las superficies contaminadas, son factores que influyen en el resultado del tratamiento de la periimplantitis. No hay evidencia sobre el método de descontaminación más eficaz. Las condiciones generales como la diabetes mellitus y la presencia de enfermedad periodontal activa afectan el resultado del tratamiento, así como la frecuencia de un programa de mantención de higiene profesional postquirúrgica, la cual mejora la sobrevida del implante. Objective: This systematic review aimed at identifying prognostic factors influencing periimplantitis treatment outcomes. Materials and methods: A structured and comprehensive literature search was performed to identify relevant references from MEDLINE (PubMed), Scielo and Springerlik databases. The search strategy was carried out combining the search terms periimplantitis with prognostic factors and/or determinants of treatment success as MeSH and free text combining with the boolean logical operators AND and OR. The SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network) was used to analyze the level of evidence. Results: From 239 articles reviewed, 18 fulfilled the selection criteria for the qualitative analysis of the evidence. Conclusions: The type of implant (macro and microgeometry) and the defect morphology, which make access to contaminated surfaces difficult, are factors that influence the outcome of peri-implantitis treatment. There is no evidence on the most effective decontamination method. General conditions such as diabetes mellitus and the presence of active periodontal disease affect the outcome of the treatment. as Also, the frequency of a post-surgical professional hygiene maintenance program improves the dental implant survival post-treatment

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