Browsing by Author "Orvieto, Marcelo"
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Item Densidad de APE en pacientes PI-RADS 3. Un parámetro clínico útil para su manejo(2019) Tapia, María Fernanda; Labra, Andrés; Adlerstein, Isabel; Olivares, Juan Pablo; Schultz, Marcela; Silva, Claudio; Pinochet, Rodrigo; Orvieto, MarceloAnalizar las biopsias realizadas en paciente categorizados PIRADS 3 en nuestra institución desde el segundo semestre del año 2016 al primer semestre del año 2018 y describir la correlación de la densidad de PSA con la incidencia de cáncer de próstata. Evaluar el rol de la densidadnde PSA en la indicación de estudio histológico en pacientes PIRADS 3. Método: Trabajo autorizado por el comité de ética de nuestra institución. Se realizó búsqueda en el PACs, de todos los informes de RM multiparamétricas de próstata que incluyeran la categoría ¨PIRADS 3¨ en el periodo señalado. De ellos se calculó la densidad de PSA, con el último valor de PSA registrado en la ficha clínica previo a RM y volumen prostático en RM. Se procedió a buscar los pacientes con estudio histológico. Se correlacionó los resultados de biopsias con el valor de densidad de PSA. Realizamos análisis uni y multivariados, análisis estadísticos con sensibilidad, especificidad y uso de curva ROC. Resultados: De las 2416 RMmp de próstata realizadas en nuestra institución en las fechas ya descritas, se encontraron 424 informes catalogados con score PIRADS 3, y 267 de esos pacientes tenían estudio y seguimiento institucional, de los cuales 134 contaban con biopsia. La muestra tenía un promedio de edad de 60 años, y una mediana de densidad de PSA de 0,10 (RIC 0,07-0,14). Se encontraron 36 biopsias con cáncer clínicamente significativo (Gleason > 6), lo que corresponde a 26,8% de la muestra, valor similar al encontrado en la literuatua. En estos pacientes se obtuvo un punto de corte óptimo de densidad de PSA de 0,11, con una sensibilidad y especificidad de 67% y un AUC de 0,68. Una densidad de PSA de 0,11 presenta un OR de 4,1, con una probabilidad de 4 veces más de encontrar un cáncer de próstata por sobre este valor (IC 95% 1,3-9,8), lo cuál es estadísticamente significativo con un p igual a 0,01. Conclusión: La DAPE sobre 0,11 ng/ml/cc puede considerarse como una herramienta adicional para indicar biopsia en pacientes con RMmp PI-RADS3, aumentando la precisión para la detección de cáncer de próstata clínicamente significativos ayudando a disminuir estudios histológicos innecesarios.Publication Impact of insufflator/aspirator versus exclusive insufflator during robotic radical prostatectomy: a comparative prospective cohort study(2023) Otaola, Hugo; Mejías, Orlando; Bravo, Juan; Pinochet, Rodrigo; Bernier, Pablo; Muñoz, Lorena; Orvieto, MarceloBackground: New generation devices that combine high-flow insufflation with smoke aspiration using continuous gas recirculation ]so-called Insufflator/aspirator systems (IAS)] have recently been developed to generate pneumoperitoneum. The use of an IAS could have an impact on surgical compared to conventional insufflation systems (CIS). The present study aimed to compare the clinical effectiveness/safety, healthorganizational, and pathological/oncological outcomes of the CIS versus IAS during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Methods: Comparative retrospective cohort study including patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer treated with RARP by four expert surgeons at a robotic referral centre between January 2020 and December 2021. A CIS was used until 15 March 2021, and the IAS thereafter. Data were extracted from the Institutional Review Board-approved (#1064) retro and prospective institutional database. Results: The final analysis included 299 patients (143 CIS; 156 IAS). We found no statistically significant differences in demographic data and preoperative results, allowing adequate group comparison. The rate of complications of any degree (9.1% and 1.9%, P<0.05) and major complications (4.2% and 0.6%, P<0.05) were lower in the IAS group. Accordingly, the hospital stay was shorter in the IAS group (P<0.05); however, the small size of this statistically significant difference probably lacks clinical value (1.9±1.6 vs. 1.6±0.8 days). There was no significant difference in surgical time, bleeding, pathological findings, or oncological results. Conclusions: Data from this large group of patients showed that the rate of overall complications, the rate of major complications, and the length of stay were lower in the IAS group. Implementing the IAS in RARP patients increased the occurrence of SCE and affected our daily practice of transversus abdominis plane block. Interpretation of the results should be made with caution since the design of this study did not allow for the identification of a causal relationship.Publication Intranodal Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Methylene Blue Injection for the Identification of Leakage Point during Laparoscopic Repair of Refractory Chylous Ascites after Laparoscopic Lymphadenectomy for Kidney Cancer(2022) Otaola, Hugo; Vargas, Patricio; Hasson, Daniel; Orvieto, Marcelo; Niño, Carmen; Bermúdez, HugoChylous ascites is an uncommon complication after surgery that can result in malnutrition and immunodeficiency. Therefore, surgical interventions are reserved for refractory patients, and the primary success factor for these interventions is locating the point of leakage, which is often tricky. We describe a case of a 56-year-old male with chylous ascites after laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and lumbo-aortic lymphadenectomy for kidney cancer. The patient was initially managed with dietary modifications and drainage placement. Afterward, lymphography with Lipiodol, percutaneous embolization of the leakage point, and total parenteral nutrition were established. Finally, the patient underwent laparoscopic repair after identifying the leakage point by injecting methylene blue through an inguinal node. Complete resolution was achieved, and no complications related to the procedure were recorded. Intranodal methylene blue injection can be an invaluable tool to identify the point of leakage in selected patients to improve the outcomes of surgical repair of refractory chylous ascites.Item Long-Term Oncological and Functional Outcomes After Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy for Clinically Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma(2022) Otaola, Hugo; Krebs, Alfred; Bermúdez, Hugo; Lyng, Raúl; Orvieto, Marcelo; Stein, Conrado; Labra, Andrés; Schultz, MarcelaBackground: To evaluate long-term oncological and renal function outcomes in patients treated with robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Patients and methods: Patients undergoing RAPN for clinically localized RCC between January 2014 and December 2019 at a tertiary robotic reference center were evaluated. Clinical course, pathologic characteristics, and long-term outcomes were obtained from our institutional review board-approved RCC database. Results: A total of 234 patients were available for analysis. Median follow-up was 46 months (10.8-97.8 months), with 77 patients (32.9%) having at least 5-years of follow-up. Pathology revealed clear-cell RCC in 67.5% (n = 158). Among unfavorable factors, nuclear grades 3 or 4 were found in 67 (29.4%), lymphovascular invasion in 10 (4.3%), positive surgical margins in 22 (9.4%), necrosis in 21 (9%), and sarcomatoid pattern in 2 patients (0.9%). At 12 months, mean serum creatinine was 1.04 mg/dL and 12.9% of patients experienced upstaging in chronic kidney disease. Overall recurrence-free survival at 5-years was 97.8%. There were five local (2.1%) and two distant (0.9%) recurrences, none of them resulting in cancer-specific death. Median time to recurrence was 20 months (11-64 months). Warm ischemia time [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.14, p = 0.034] and sarcomatoid pattern (HR = 124.57, p = 0.001) were the only variables associated with local relapse. Conclusions: Data from this large cohort demonstrate that patients undergoing RAPN have a low incidence of local and distant relapse, resulting in excellent long-term survival while preserving stable renal function in most patients.Publication Nefrectomía parcial robótica en tumores ≤ 3 cm. Complicaciones y resultados funcionales y oncológicos a largo plazo(2023) Otaola, Hugo; Mejías, Orlando; Krebs, Alfred; Lyng, Raúl; Orvieto, Marcelo; Zambrano, NormanObjetivo: Evaluar las complicaciones perioperatorias y los resultados funcionales y oncológicos a largo plazo en pacientes sometidos a nefrectomía parcial asistida por robot (NPAR) por masas renales pequeñas. Método: Se evaluaron pacientes sometidos a NPAR (daVinci Si) por tumores ≤ 3 cm por tomografía computarizada o resonancia magnética entre enero de 2004 y diciembre de 2021. Se excluyeron los pacientes con afectación linfonodal o metástasis en el diagnóstico inicial o en un seguimiento < 6 meses. Se revisaron las características basales, las complicaciones intra- y postoperatorias, la función renal y los desenlaces oncológicos. Los datos se extrajeron de la base de datos institucional retro- y prospectiva aprobada por el Comité de Ética. Resultados: De los 330 pacientes operados, 195 calificaron para el análisis (se excluyeron 21 por tener un seguimiento < 6 meses, 37 por haberse realizado por vía abierta y 93 por vía laparoscópica). La mediana de seguimiento fue de 53 meses. El tamaño medio del tumor en las imágenes preoperatorias fue de 19.2 mm. La media de tiempo quirúrgico fue de 131 min. La media de sangrado fue de 189 mL. Hubo 5 (2.6%) complicaciones intra- y 7 (3.5%) postoperatorias, tres de ellas Clavien III. Las tasas de reingreso y reintervención fueron del 2.6% y el 1.5%, respectivamente. El análisis histológico reveló carcinoma de células claras en el 61% (n = 119). Entre los factores desfavorables se encontraron grados nucleares 3 o 4 en 34 (17.4%), invasión linfovascular en 12 (6.2%), márgenes quirúrgicos positivos en 10 (5.1%) y necrosis en 10 (5.1%). Ningún paciente presentó patrón sarcomatoide. Ningún paciente presentó recurrencia local ni a distancia, ni mortalidad específica de cáncer. Dos pacientes fallecieron por otras causas (mortalidad global del 1%). A los 12 meses, la creatinina sérica media fue de 1.01 mg/dL y solo 6 pacientes (3.1%) presentaron una tasa de filtración glomerular estimada < 60 mL/minute/1.73 m2 de novo. Conclusiones: La NPAR en masas renales pequeñas es una técnica segura, con una excelente supervivencia a largo plazo y una buena preservación de la función renal en la mayoría de los pacientes.Publication The Management of Chylous Ascites: Description of a New Technique Regarding a Clinical Case(2023) Otaola, Hugo; Vargas, Patricio; Orvieto, Marcelo; Niño, Carmen; Bermúdez, HugoChylous ascites (CA) is a rare postoperative complication that can lead to malnutrition and immunodeficiency. As a result, surgical interventions are reserved for patients who are refractory, and the primary success factor for these interventions is locating the point of leakage, which is frequently difficult. Most CA cases were managed conservatively in the literature, with a minority treated with surgical intervention. We present the case of a 56-year-old man who developed chylous ascites following a laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and lumbo-aortic lymphadenectomy for kidney cancer. At first, the patient was managed with dietary changes and drainage placement. Following that, lipiodol lymphography, percutaneous embolisation of the leakage point, and total parenteral nutrition were established. Ultimately, after identifying the leakage point with methylene blue injection through an inguinal node, the patient underwent laparoscopic repair. The procedure was completed successfully, and no complications were reported. To improve the results of surgical repair of refractory chylous ascites in a subset of patients, intranodal methylene blue injection can be a beneficial technique for pinpointing the source of leakage.Item Totally intracorporeal robot-assisted urinary diversion for bladder cancer (Part 1). Review and detailed characterization of ileal conduit and modified Indiana pouch(2021) Otaola, Hugo; Coelho, Rafael; Patel, Vipul; Orvieto, MarceloObjective:To review the most used robot-assisted cutaneous urinary diversion (CUD) after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer and create a unified compendium of the different alternatives, including new consistent images Methods: A non-systematic review of the literature with the keywords “bladder cancer”, “cutaneous urinary diversion”, and “radical cystectomy” was performed. Results: Twenty-four studies of intracorporeal ileal conduit (ICIC) and two of intracorporeal Indiana pouch (ICIP) were included in the analysis. Regarding ICIC, the patients’ age ranged from 60 to 76 years. The operative time to perform a urinary diversion ranged from 60 to 133 min. The total estimated blood loss ranged from 200 to 1 117 mL. The rate of positive surgical margins ranged from 0% to 14.3%. Early minor and major complication rates ranged from 0% to 71.4% and from 0% to 53.4%, respectively. Late minor and major complication rates ranged from 0% to 66% and from 0% to 32%, respectively. Totally ICIP data are limited to one case report and one clinical series. Conclusion: The most frequent type of CUD is ICIC. Randomized studies comparing the performance of the different types of CUD, the performance in an intra- or extracorporeal manner, or the performance of a CUD versus orthotopic ileal neobladder are lacking in the literature. To this day, there are not enough quality data to determine the supremacy of one technique. This manuscript represents a compendium of the most used CUD with detailed descriptions of the technical aspects, operative and perioperative outcomes, and new consistent images for each technique.Item Totally intracorporeal robot-assisted urinary diversion for bladder cancer (part 2). Review and detailed characterization of the existing intracorporeal orthotopic ileal neobladder(2021) Otaola, Hugo; Seetharam, Kulthe; Patel, Vipul; Covas, Marcio; Orvieto, MarceloAbstract: To review the most used intracorporeal orthotopic ileal neobladder (ICONB) after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer and create a unified compendium of the different alternatives, including new consistent images. Methods: We performed a non-systematic review of the literature with the keywords "bladder cancer", "urinary diversion", "radical cystectomy", and "neobladder". Results: Forty studies were included in the analysis. The most frequent type of ICONB was the modified Studer "U" neobladder (70%) followed by the Hautmann "W" modified neobladder (7.5%), the "Y" neobladder (5%), and the Padua neobladder (5%). The operative time to perform a urinary diversion ranged from 124 to 553 min. The total estimated blood loss ranged from 200 to 900 mL. The rate of positive surgical margins ranged from 0% to 8.1%. Early minor and major complication rates ranged from 0% to 100% and from 0% to 33%, respectively. Late minor and major complication rates ranged from 0% to 70% and from 0% to 25%, respectively. Conclusion: The most frequent types of ICONB are Studer "U" neobladder, Hautmann "W" neobladder, "Y" neobladder, and the Padua neobladder. Randomized studies comparing the performance of the different types of ICONB, the performance in an intra or extracorporeal manner, or the performance of an ICONB versus ICIC are lacking in the literature. To this day, there are not sufficient quality data to determine the supremacy of one technique. This manuscript represents a compendium of the most used ICONB with detailed descriptions of the technical aspects, operative and perioperative outcomes, and new consistent images of each technique.