Browsing by Author "Morales, Sergio"

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    Association of retinal detachment with age 50 years or younger at onset in patients with acute retinal necrosis
    (2021) Urzúa, Cristhian; Knickelbein, Jared; Cuitino, Loreto; Moreno, Uriel; Anguita, Rodrigo; Velásquez, Víctor; Concha, Luz Elena; Morales, Sergio; Villarroel, Francisco; Sen, H Nida; Arellanes, Lourdes
    Background Due to the guarded prognosis of acute retinal necrosis (ARN), it is relevant to develop a strategy to earlycategorize those patients in a higher risk of worse outcomes. The purpose of this study is to describe clinical features andpredictive factors for retinal detachment (RD) in patients with ARN. Methods Retrospective observational case series of 34 adult patients (38 eyes) with ARN examined between January 2005 and July 2015 in the National Eye Institute (Bethesda, USA), the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Chile (Santiago, Chile), and APEC (CDMX, Mexico). Results A total of 16 males and 18 females with a mean age at presentation of 44.5±16.8 years were included. Twentyseven patients (79.4%) received intravenous acyclovir as frst-line treatment, and 7 patients received either oral antiviral (4 patients) or oral plus intravitreal antiviral (3 patients). All subjects were treated with prednisone, with a mean initial dose of 57.7±16.3 mg per day. Seventeen patients (50.0%) developed retinal detachment. An association of retinal detachment with age at onset was observed (p=0.04), with patients younger than 50 years presenting a higher risk (OR=14.86, p=0.0009). Additionally, patients in this higher risk group had more infammation in both anterior chamber and vitreous (p=0.04 and 0.03, respectively). No other predictive factor for retinal detachment was found in the present study. Conclusions RD represents an important complication in patients with ARN. Younger patients may be at higher risk of this complication, possibly secondary to the presence of a higher level of infammation.
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    Diseño de una trayectoria hipotética de aprendizaje para introducir la inferencia informal en primaria
    (2024) Estrella, Soledad; Morales, Sergio; Méndez-Reina, Maritza; Vidal-Szabó, Pedro; Ramírez, Brahiam; Mondaca-Saavedra, Alejandra
    Mediante un estudio de diseño que desarrolla una trayectoria hipotética de aprendizaje para la inferencia estadística informal (ISI), se introdujo a estudiantes de grado 3 y 4 (n=23), conceptos claves de variabilidad, muestreo repetido y distribución muestral empírica. La trayectoria de cinco pasos con un enfoque lúdico del experimento aleatorio del lanzamiento de dos monedas comprendía: obtener muestras; reconocer la incertidumbre y expresarla con lenguaje de posibilidades; contrastar predicciones mediante muestreo repetido; visualizar y reconocer la variabilidad entre muestras; asignar niveles de posibilidades considerando la distribución muestral empírica al generalizar más allá de los datos. Los resultados indican que los estudiantes de ambos grados pueden acceder a conceptos de la ISI, logrando hacer inferencias informales y presentando niveles sofisticados en el razonamiento propio de la ISI.

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