Browsing by Author "Araneda, Jacqueline"
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Publication Adherence to the EAT-Lancet Diet Among Urban and Rural Latin American Adolescents: Associations with Micronutrient Intake and Ultra-Processed Food Consumption(2025) Vargas, Rulamán; Monge, Rafael; Rodríguez, Sonia; Araneda, Jacqueline; Teixeira, Leandro; Cedie, Gustavo; Gaitán, Diego; Pizarro, Tito; Pinheiro Fernandes, Anna Christina; Rovirosa, Alicia; Sánchez, Tania; Zapata, MaríaBackground/Objectives: Adolescents in Latin America are experiencing rising rates of overweight/obesity and non-communicable diseases, while public health nutrition efforts targeting this group remain limited. This study explores adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and its relationship with micronutrient adequacy and ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption. Methods: Cross-sectional data from national nutrition surveys of 19,601 adolescents across six Latin American countries were analyzed. Data on sociodemographics, anthropometrics, and dietary habits were collected using standardized questionnaires and 24 h dietary recalls or food records. Nutrient intake was estimated via statistical modeling, and nutrient adequacy ratios were based on age- and sex-specific requirements. UPF intake was classified using the NOVA system, and adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet was assessed with the Planetary Health Diet Index. Results: Overall adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet was low (mean score: 28.3%). Rural adolescents had higher adherence than urban adolescents, and those aged 10–13 and 17–19 showed better adherence compared to adolescents aged 14–16. Adolescents from lower socioeconomic backgrounds adhered more than those from higher socioeconomic backgrounds. Adherence varied from 20.2% in Argentina to 30.2% in Brazil and Chile. Higher adherence was associated with lower UPF intake. Among urban adolescents, greater adherence was linked to a higher risk of inadequate riboflavin, niacin, and cobalamin intake, a trend not observed in rural adolescents. Conclusions: Adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet is low among Latin American adolescents, particularly in urban areas. Public health efforts should prioritize reducing UPF consumption, improving access to nutrient-dense, culturally appropriate foods, and supporting fortified staple foods.Item Ambiente alimentar e excesso de peso em escolares: uma revisão sistemática sul-americana(2022) De Oliveira, Najla; Harley, Alex; Pinheiro Fernandes, Anna; Bizzotto, Angela; Araneda, Jacqueline; Marques, MariaObjetivo. Identificar e compilar os achados de estudos observacionais que analisaram a relação de fatores do ambiente alimentar escolar e individuais de consumo na escola com excesso de peso em escolares da América do Sul no período de 2011 a 2021. Métodos. A pesquisa foi realizada em cinco bases de dados (PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, Scopus e LILACS) e no Google Scholar, além de consulta a especialistas. Foram selecionados estudos observacionais com escolares de 5 a 19 anos, realizados na América do Sul, que usaram medidas objetivas para avaliar excesso de peso, como o índice de massa corporal (Organização Mundial da Saúde e/ou International Obesity Task Force), em associação a fatores do ambiente alimentar escolar e individuais de consumo na escola. O protocolo foi registrado na plataforma PROSPERO (CRD42020212383). Resultados. Dos 906 registros identificados, 13 estudos transversais (um da Argentina, um do Equador e 11 do Brasil) foram incluídos na revisão. As prevalências variaram de 7,5% a 32,5% para sobrepeso e 1,7% a 28,0% para obesidade. Fatores do ambiente alimentar escolar, dos domínios político e físico (como educação alimentar e nutricional insatisfatória e indisponibilidade de refeições preparadas na escola) se associaram com maiores prevalências de excesso de peso. Fatores individuais relacionados à adesão ao programa de alimentação escolar (como consumo da alimentação oferecida pela escola ao invés de lanche trazido de casa) se associaram a menores prevalências de excesso de peso. Conclusões. São escassos os estudos sul-americanos enfocando a associação entre fatores do ambiente alimentar escolar e/ou individuais e excesso de peso em escolares. As evidências restritas a contextos locais ou regionais incentivam novos estudos de abrangência nacional.Publication Ambiente alimentario alrededor de establecimientos educacionales municipalizados de la ciudad de Chillán(2024) Araneda, Jacqueline; Toledo, Álvaro; Inzunza, Constanza; Córdova, Carolina; Pinheiro Fernandes, Anna ChristinaIntroducción: Los ambientes alimentarios externos a los establecimientos educacionales influyen en la alimentación y el estado nutricional de los niños. Objetivo: Determinar el tipo del ambiente alimentario que rodea establecimientos educacionales municipalizados de la ciudad de Chillán. Materiales y método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con una muestra de cuatro establecimientos educacionales municipali-zados y 139 puntos de venta de alimentos. Se utilizaron pautas de observación para medir ambientes alimentarios a 400 metros a partir del punto central de cada escuela. Las pautas evaluaron los puntos de venta de alimentos, según disponibilidad, variedad y publicidad de alimentos. Resultados:El 50% de los puntos de venta de alimentos que rodean a los establecimientos educacionales son categorizados como no saludables. Solo un 9% es considerado un punto de venta saludable. Conclusiones: Se observó una alta densidad de puntos de venta de alimentos no saludables alrededor de las escuelas estudiadas, propiciando un ambiente obesogénico. Es imperativo establecer políticas públicas para mejorar el ambiente alimentario escolar. Food environments outside educational establishments influence children’s diet and nutritional status. Objective: To determine the type of food environment that surrounds the municipal educational establishments of the city of Chillán. Material and method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted involving a sample of four municipal educational establishments and 139 food establishments. Observation guidelines were used to measure food environments 400 meters from the center point of each school, evaluating food outlets based on food avai-lability, variety, and advertising. Results: 50% of food outlets surrounding educational establishments were categorized as unhealthy. Only 9% were considered a healthy selling point. Conclusions: A high density of unhealthy food outlets was observed around the schools studied, fostering an obesogenic environment. It is imperative to establish public policies to improve the school food environment.Item Development and Validation of a Set of Instruments to Measure Food Environments(2022) Araneda, Jacqueline; Oliva, Patricio; Quezada, Gladys; Lobos, Luz; Leyton, Barbára; Pinheiro Fernandes, AnnaBackground: There is worldwide interest in measuring local food environments (FEs). The aim of this study was to develop and validate a set of instruments to evaluate FEs in Chile. Methods: Based on the development and validation of four instruments to measure FEs, a literature review, an evaluation by experts, and the implementation of a pilot tool in the FEs of schoolchildren from nine public schools in the commune of Chillán, Chile, were used. Results: A tool to evaluate FEs was provided, based on three dimensions: availability, variety, and advertising of healthy foods. A total of 1928 foods points of purchase were evaluated. The reliability was evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha. Some 74% of the foods’ points of purchase were store locations. The reliability of the four instruments was high to acceptable (store: 0.90; institution: 0.77; street food: 0.74; restaurant: 0.68). Unhealthy foods were highlighted by the scores obtained: store (6.08 ± 4.07; range: 0–13), restaurant (3.95 ± 1.75; range: 0–10), street food (1.18 ± 1.56; range: 0–7), and institution FEs (3.38 ± 2.78; range: 0–9). Conclusions: The results of this tool can provide information to governments for incorporatingb structural measures to ensure adequate availability, variety, and advertising of healthy foods in different FEs.Publication Diet quality of Chilean schoolchildren: How is it linked to adherence to dietary guidelines?(2025) Pinheiro Fernandes, Anna Christina; Araneda, Jacqueline; Quintiliano Scarpelli Dourado, Daiana; Pizarro, Tito; Marques, MariaIntroduction: In Chile, the prevalence of overweight among schoolchildren over the age of 5 is approximately 50%, one of the highest in the Americas region. This is largely influenced by the presence of inadequate food environments, characterized by limited access to healthy foods and a high availability of highly processed foods (HPF). This study analyzes food consumption in Chilean schoolchildren and the association of this with the Chilean Dietary Guidelines Based on Foods (DGBF) and the HPF consumption. Material and methods: The sample (1,094 schoolchildren) was obtained from the baseline of the FONDEF IT18I0016 project, in Santiago-Chile. Anthropometry and socioeconomic data were measured. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative frequency survey featuring images of food groups aligned with DGBF, as well as HPF. All data were collected by trained professional nutritionists. Associations between dependent and independent variables, and potential confounding factors were calculated using logistic regression models with stepwise backward/forward. A p < 0.05 was accepted as significant, using Stata 16.0. Results: Most of the students (54.1%) were with malnutrition by excess and 20.0% exhibited abdominal obesity. Twenty percent of the students met the recommended intake for DGBF (fruits, vegetables, fish, milk and dairy products, legumes, water) and less than 5% did not consume any HPF. Consuming some sub-groups of HPF in moderate quantities (either no consumption or occasional consumption) increases the likelihood of meeting DGBF: candies and sweets (OR: 0.72; p = 0.04), pies with or without filling (OR: 0.63; p = 0.01), and salted snacks (OR: 0.67; p = 0.02). Conclusion: Our results contribute to reaffirm the need to enhance healthy food consumption among schoolchildren and to discourage the intake of HPF, particularly focusing on specific sub-groups of HPF that may increase the risk of displacing the consumption of food groups recommended by the DGBF.Item Evaluación de la precisión y exactitud de una encuesta alimentaria de registro con apoyo de imagen digital en tiempo real(2018) Pinheiro Fernandes, Anna; Araneda, Jacqueline; Illanes, Kiyomi; Pedraza, CatherineIntroducción: las encuestas alimentarias son utilizadas para la determinación del consumo de alimentos y nutrientes a nivel poblacional y/o individual, aunque subestiman la ingesta en un 37% o más. La introducción de nuevas tecnologías como la imagen digital de la porción de consumo, podría contribuir a disminuir el error de estimación para calorías y determinados macronutrientes. Objetivo: evaluar la precisión y exactitud del método de registro apoyado con imagen digital en tiempo real en la estimación de ingesta de calorías y macronutrientes en adultos jóvenes, considerándose como método de referencia el registro por pesada (RPP). Método: se evaluó la ingesta del almuerzo sometido previamente a un RPP de 58 sujetos. Antes y después de la ingesta, cada participante capturó una imagen de sus porciones de consumo y completaron un registro de ingesta. Se determinó el estado nutricional de los sujetos. El análisis estadístico se realizó con medianas, Kruskal-Wallis y concordancia con Bland-Altman (p < 0,05). Resultados: la mayor proporción de los sujetos presentó estado nutricional normal (72%) y el 80% presentó riesgo cardiovascular promedio. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los tres métodos al estimar la ingesta en calorías, proteínas y lípidos. La subestimación de calorías y lípidos disminuye del 32% al 25,8% al utilizar una imagen digital como apoyo a la estimación de ingesta y lípidos de 47% al 24,4%. Conclusiones: el registro complementado con imagen digital de las porciones consumidas presenta mejor concordancia con el método de referencia (RPP) en estimación de calorías, proteínas y lípidos, mejorando la precisión y exactitud del método.Item Food insecurity and its determinants in a vulnerable area of Santiago, Chile(2022) Pinheiro Fernandes, Anna; Quintiliano, Daiana; Araneda, Jacqueline; De Oliveira, Rogerio; Pizarro, Tito; Suarez, Mónica; Marques, MariaThis study aims to identify the determinants associated to food insecurity in a group of households composed of schoolchildren and their mothers/caregivers, who lived in a low-to-medium community development index area of the city of Santiago, Chile with a high presence of migrant population. The non-probabilistic and convenience sample was made up of 646 people, who answered a series of surveys with the aim of characterizing this group in sociodemographic terms (sex, age, number of inhabitants in the household, place of food purchase, conditional or non-conditional state transfer program beneficiary status, persons in charge of purchasing food for the household, mothers/caregivers education level and basic knowledge of food and nutrition). To assess moderate-to-severe food insecurity and severe food insecurity, the Food Insecurity Experience Scale-FIES was applied between September and October 2021. Logistic regression analysis were used to carry out multivariate analyses, with the use of stepwise back-and-forward strategies for the selected variables and defining p < 0.05. These models were adjusted per number of inhabitants in the household. The results indicate that 25.4% of households presented moderate-to-severe food insecurity, and 6.4% severe food insecurity experience. The variables that presented significant odds of risk to food insecurity were being a migrant, low maternal education level, low performance on basic knowledge in nutrition and when the father was responsible for food purchases. Several public policies have been implemented in Chile during the most recent decades aimed at increasing access to healthier foods and the implementation of healthier food environments. Despite this, there are still social and economic health determinants that contribute to the risk of odds insecurity for the most vulnerable groups in the country, thus putting at risk the fulfillment of the human right to adequate food at risk.Item Hábitos alimentarios y estado nutricional de niños y niñas que asisten a las Escuelas Deportivas Integrales del Instituto Nacional de Deporte, Región de Ñuble(2020) Castillo, Pamela; Araneda, Jacqueline; Pinheiro Fernandes, AnnaLa malnutrición por exceso se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública a través de todo el ciclo vital. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar los hábitos alimentarios y el estado nutricional de niños y niñas que asisten a las Escuelas Deportivas Integrales (EDI) del Instituto Nacional de Deporte en la comuna de Chillán. Se realizó evaluación antropométrica y aplicación de encuesta sobre hábitos alimentarios, que permitía medir alimentos consumidos de manera diaria, semanal y mensual de: frutas, verduras, lácteos, agua, carne, pescado, legumbres, golosinas dulces y saladas, productos fritos, comida rápida y embutidos. En los resultados, se confirma una alta prevalencia de malnutrición por exceso (58,7%). Para el cumplimiento de las Guías Alimentarias Basadas en Alimentos (GABAS) para la población chilena, se observó sólo un 59,2% en frutas, 71,4% para verduras, 13,8% en pescado, 39,3% en legumbres y 66,3% en lácteos. Diariamente, más del 65% consume golosinas dulces y/o saladas. Semanalmente, la comida rápida y productos fritos se ingieren en un 66% y 79% respectivamente. Se sugiere la necesidad de realizar intervenciones multidisciplinarias de prevención y promoción de la salud, orientadas a mejorar estilos de vida saludables en la población infantil y así contribuir a disminuir los índices de morbilidad infantil.Item Ingesta de alimentos proteicos en adolescentes de la ciudad de Chillán, Chile(2019) Araneda, Jacqueline; González, Daniela; Mella, Viviana; Pérez, Karen; Quezada, Gladys; Pinheiro Fernandes, AnnaEl objetivo del estudio fue analizar la ingesta de alimentos proteicos distintos de los lácteos y sus derivados, en adolescentes que asisten a un establecimiento educacional subvencionado en la comuna de Chillán. Se realizó un estudio analítico de corte transversal, con una muestra de 154 adolescentes de edades entre 14 y 17 años. Se evaluó estado nutricional según IMC e ingesta alimentaria mediante encuesta de frecuencia de consumo cuantificado, con énfasis en la ingesta de alimentos de origen proteico distinto de los lácteos. El 90% de los encuestados, independiente del sexo, consumió semanalmente legumbres, carnes, pescados y mariscos. Las medianas de consumo de carnes, alcanzó los 275 g en hombres y 191 g en mujeres (p<0,01). Los hombres consumieron 1,5 veces más embutidos que las mujeres (148 g v/s 89 g; p=0,02). Al comparar la ingesta de los alimentos proteicos estudiados, con la Guía Alimentaria para los adolescentes, el 60% presentó un bajo cumplimiento de ingesta semanal en carnes, huevos, pescados y mariscos, por lo que es imperativo implementar estrategias tendientes a mejorar el consumo de alimentos con proteínas de alto valor biológico que les permitan un adecuado desarrollo.Item Inseguridad alimentaria y hábitos alimentarios durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en hogares chilenos(2021) Araneda, Jacqueline; Pinheiro Fernandes, AnnaBackground: The coronavirus 2 pandemic (COVID-19) has caused intense changes in lifestyles, feeding, and nutrition habits. Aim: To analyze food insecurity and eating habits during the period of quarantine in a group of Chilean individuals. Material and Methods: An online survey was conducted in 2,767 households with questions about the sociodemographic composition of the household, household food purchasing habits in the quarantine period for COVID-19, and perception of food insecurity. Results: More than 60% of households (p < 0.01) were worried about not having enough food, especially when children under 18 years of age lived in them. This perception increased in urban households (p<0.01) and those located in the Central-Southern and Southern regions (p < 0.01). During the pandemic, the consumption of healthy products such as milk increased in 50% of households, legumes in 72%, eggs in 79%, fruits in 54%, vegetables in 67% and water in 81%. There was also a lower consumption of unhealthy and ultra-processed foods such as hot-dogs in 90% of households, sausages in 73%, sugary drinks in 79% and ice cream in 83%. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic in Chile increased the perception of food insecurity in households with vulnerable conditions. However, the consumption of healthier foods increased.