Person: Vásquez Lavín, Felipe
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Vásquez Lavín
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Felipe
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Publication Discrete-continuous models of residential energy demand:(2024) Hanemann, Michael; Labandeira, Xavier; Labeaga, José M.; Vásquez Lavín, FelipeThis paper reviews forty years of research applying econometric models of discrete-continuous choice to analyze residential demand for energy. The review is primarily from the perspective of economic theory. We examine how well the utility-theoretic models developed in the literature match data that is commonly available on residential energy use, and we highlight the modeling challenges that have arisen through efforts to match theory with data. The literature contains two different formalizations of a corner solution. The first, by Dubin and McFadden (1984) and Hanemann (1984), models an extreme corner solution, in which only one of the discrete choice alternatives is chosen. While those papers share similarities, they also have some differences which have not been noticed or exposited in the literature. Subsequently, a formulation first implemented by Wales and Woodland (1983) and extended by Kim et al. (2002) and Bhat (2008) models a general corner solution, where several but not all of the discrete choice alternatives are chosen. Seventeen papers have employed one or another of these models to analyze residential demand for fuels and/or energy end uses in a variety of countries. We review issues that arose in these applications and identify some alternative model formulations that can be used in future work on residential energy demand.Publication Policy disclosure as a predictor of environmental behaviour: evidence from the chilean retail sector(2024) Ibáñez, María José; Vásquez Lavín, Felipe; Ponce, Roberto D.This study examines the relationship between corporate environmental policy disclosures and firms’ environmental investments. Using an endogenous switching probit (ESP) model to mitigate potential endogeneity issues, this study serves two purposes. Initially, it estimates the influence of six organizational characteristics—size, age, manager gender, export orientation, family ownership, and corporate group affiliation—on the probability of firms declaring pro-environmental policies. Subsequently, we test whether such policy disclosures are reliable predictors of environmental investment. We use the retail sector as a case study because of its pivotal role as an intermediary between primary producers, manufacturers, and consumers, thereby holding a uniquely influential position in driving sustainable consumption and production. Our results show a positive relationship between size, manager gender, export orientation, family ownership, and corporate group affiliation. In addition, we find that declaring an environmental policy positively affects the likelihood of businesses investing in environmental protection. This study contributes to the existing literature in three significant ways: it increases the evidence supporting a causal relationship between environmental policy disclosure and environmental investments; it is the first to explore this relationship within the retail industry; and it broadens our understanding of this dynamic in the context of developing countries.Publication Nudges versus prices:(2024) Hernandez, Francisco; Jaime, Marcela; Vásquez Lavín, FelipeThis study evaluates the effects of two exogenous interventions targeting residential consumers using both pecuniary and nonpecuniary incentives, with the potential of increasing the moral and monetary costs of water use. The first intervention provided households with personalized reports including normative information regarding household water use compared with neighbors. The second intervention consisted of an exogenous change in water tariffs. The timing of the interventions provides a unique opportunity to separately assess both the individual and combined effects of each policy instrument. The empirical analysis was conducted on the same sample households assessed in the field experiment by Jaime and Carlsson (2018), whose behavior was followed one year after implementation. The results reveal that both nonpecuniary and pecuniary incentives significantly reduce water use when each instrument is applied separately, with the change in tariffs generating larger reductions in water use, compared with information provision, at 11% vs. 7%, respectively. However, the effectiveness of the combined policy depends on the setting of implementation. While the differentiated effects of the social information campaign associated with the change in tariffs suggest this policy remains effective, the evidence also suggests potential crowding-out effects arising upon the introduction of the new tariff regime. The largest reductions in water use are achieved when the instruments are jointly implemented. Findings shed light on the importance of accurately defining the timing and order of the interventions to maximize their impact on resource conservation.Publication Exploring the impact of ocean acidification information on consumers’ preference for seafood(2024) Barrientos, Manuel; Carrasco-Garcés, Moisés; Vásquez Lavín, Felipe; Ponce, Roberto D.; San Martín, Valeska A.; Gelcich, StefanWe conducted a discrete choice experiment to explore whether providing information about a lesser-known issue related to climate change, ocean acidification (OA), affects consumers’ preferences for seafood products in a middle-income country in the southern hemisphere. Our objective was to determine whether OA information affects consumer preferences for seafood using stated preference (SP) techniques. Seafood attributes include shell size and appearance, meat color, texture, taste, nutritional composition, product assortments, and price. We applied a split-sample approach to test for information effects, with one sample receiving information about OA while the other did not. We analyze the differences between samples using visual instruments and statistical tests. The results demonstrate that although the statistical test does not identify a difference between models, we did find that OA information increases the precision of ’consumers’ responses. Moreover, using visual instruments, we found differences in specific parameters – not detected in the statistical analysis - which can lead to substantial differences in the willingness to pay for seafood attributes. The article is relevant as understanding these matters is essential when generating more effective communicational strategies regarding the impacts of global changes.Publication Microplastics in seafood:(2024) Barrientos, Manuel; Vásquez Lavín, Felipe; Ponce, Roberto D.; Nayga Jr, Rodolfo M.; Gelcich, StefanMicroplastics, an emerging pollutant, have garnered widespread attention due to potential repercussions on human health and the environment. Given the critical role of seafood in food security, growing concerns about microplastics might be detrimental to meeting future global food demand. This study employed a discrete choice experiment to investigate Chilean consumers’ preferences for technology aimed at mitigating microplastic levels in mussels. Using a between-subjects design with information treatments, we examined the impact of informing consumers about potential human health and environmental effects linked to microplastics pollution on their valuation for the technology. We found that the information treatments increased consumers’ willingness to pay for mussels. Specifically, consumers were willing to pay a premium of around US$ 4 for 250 g of mussel meat with a 90 % depuration efficiency certification. The provision of health impact information increased the price premium by 56 %, while the provision of environmental information increased it by 21 %. Furthermore, combined health and environmental information significantly increased the probability of non-purchasing behavior by 22.8 % and the risk perception of microplastics for human health by 5.8 %. These results emphasized the critical role of information in shaping consumer preferences and provided evidence for validating investment in research and development related to microplastic pollution mitigation measures.Publication Emerging energy sources' social acceptability:(2024) Ponce, Roberto D.; Estay, M.; Barrientos, M.; Estevez, R.A.; Gelcich, S.; Vásquez Lavín, FelipeAny decrease in global warming and its effects can only occur with a substantial reduction in anthropogenic CO2 emissions. In this context, renewable energy sources, particularly emerging sources, may play a central role in accelerating the transition from fossil fuels to cleaner energy sources. Emerging energy sources are renewable and have the potential to reduce global warming emissions; however, they are in the early development stages. These technologies include enhanced geothermal processes, artificial photosynthesis, and marine energy. In this study, we assess the main attributes that determine the social acceptance of renewable marine energy projects, highlighting individual preferences and heterogeneity for these projects. The results show that energy generation, ecological impact, job creation, co-ownership, and distributional justice are statistically significant attributes that support projects. However, individual preferences are highly heterogeneous. The existence of distinct classes (two in this case) with different preferences for marine energy attributes indicates that the one-size-fits-all approach may be inappropriate. Instead, policymakers and energy producers should tailor their proposals to meet the needs of both groups, considering their preferences and concerns.Publication Female underperformance hypothesis revisited: methodological review and empirical testing.(2023) Ibañez, María José; Vásquez Lavín, Felipe; Ponce, Roberto D.Comparison between the performance of female and male-managed firms has long been a subject of research interest. Although the argument is that firms run by women have lower performance than those run by men, there is no agreement on the effects of managerial gender on companies’ financial outcomes. This study conducts a methodological review of quantitative research on the relationship between female business leadership and firm performance from 2010 to 2020. This review identifies the most frequently used dependent and explanatory variables and econometric models in the literature. Most studies have not considered endogeneity bias in their model specifications; therefore, these results could be biased and unreliable. We select empirical models to test the female underperformance hypothesis using a sample of Chilean firms. Our findings suggest that managers’ gender does not significantly affect business performance when endogeneity is addressed. Our methodological review reveals a significant gap in the research on female managers and firm performance in the Latin American context, and the empirical test provides new evidence in this vein.Publication Evaluación del impacto en la productividad de cultivos de café y cacao con sistemas agroforestales en los departamentos de Amazonas y San Martín, Perú(2024) Guzmán Castillo, Wagner; Orihuela, Carlos Enrique; Vásquez Lavín, Felipe; Arévalo López, Luis AlbertoNo existe claridad sobre el impacto en la productividad de diversos cultivos agrícolas con Sistemas Agroforestales (SAF). El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo cuantificar el cambio en la productividad de los cultivos café y cacao en fincas con y sin SAF en la Amazonia Peruana. Para ello, empleamos la metodología del emparejamiento de puntaje de propensión. Los resultados muestran un incremento de la productividad para cultivos con cacao, pero una disminución en cultivos con café. Concluimos que amerita generar información y estudios para proponer SAF compatibles con mejoras en productividad a través de acciones conjuntas entre actores.Publication Firm heterogeneity and innovation strategy decisions(2024) Guzmán Cofre, Cristian; Vásquez Lavín, Felipe; Sanchez Henriquez, FernandoResearch on innovation strategy has focused on dichotomic (yes or no) options and the determinants of technological (product and process) innovations. This paper includes a variety of innovation strategies to extend the Crepon–Duguet–Mairesse model suggested by Cr´epon et al. (1998). We extend the study of innovation strategy to nontechnological innovations (organizational and marketing), encompassing all possible combinations of innovative alternatives for the firm (16 strategies). Furthermore, we use a panel of four waves (2009–2010, 2011–2012, 2013–2014, and 2015–2016) of the Chilean innovation survey, which allows us to consider endogeneity using a fixed-effect multinomial logit model. Our results show the relevance of R&D spending per employee in all innovation strategies. Skilled employees positively affect organizational innovation strategies, and medium and large firms are more likely to choose strategies involving process and organizational innovation. The choice of innovation strategy is relevant to a firm’s productivity. The coefficient increases monotonically from simple to semi-complex to complex strategies, all of which are positive and statistically significant. This study’s results seem more plausible than those found in previous literature.Publication Evaluando las condiciones de racionalidad y plausibilidad en la valoración de conservar la biodiversidad de un país megabiodiverso: El caso del Manu en Perú(2023) Dávila, José; Vásquez Lavín, Felipe; Orihuela, Carlos Enrique; Ponce, Roberto D.; Lavado-Solis, Karol; Paredes-Vilca, Oscar; Mogollón Ñañez, Raymundo; Díaz, SabrinaSegún la NOAA, los resultados de una valoración económica son aplicables como política pública si cumplen dos condiciones: racionalidad y plausibilidad. En el presente estudio, se realiza la valoración económica de conservar la biodiversidad del Parque Nacional del Manu en Perú (país megabiodiverso), a partir de tres representaciones: especies, hábitat y funcionalidad. Se identificó la presencia de sensibilidad al alcance en la mayor parte de atributos empleados. Al incluir características socioeconómicas se identificó que el género y los niveles salariales afectan las preferencias. Los resultados muestran que las especies de flora amenazada y la funcionalidad cumplen con ambas condiciones.