Person: Salvaj, Erica
Loading...
Email Address
Birth Date
20 results
¿Qué estás buscando?
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 10 of 20
Publication Understanding the role of institutions and economic context on entrepreneurial value creation choice(2023) Diaz Tautiva, Julian Andres; Salvaj, Erica; Vásquez Lavín, Felipe; Ponce, Roberto D.Research background: The observable discrepancies in entrepreneurship activity across countries have motivated both researchers and policymakers to comprehend the sources of these variations. Certain scholars have suggested that the answer to this empirical puzzle lies in the macrolevel processes that influence entrepreneurial endeavours. Purpose of the article: As the understanding of macrolevel processes that shape entrepreneurial behaviour is limited, this research aims to answer how institutions and the economic context influence entrepreneurial value creation choices (i.e., for-profit, non-profit, and mixed). Methods: Using a cross-country sample of 7,891 entrepreneurs in 58 countries, we employ a multilevel ordered probit to evaluate a novel conceptual framework. Our analysis models the direct impact of the regulative framework, the normative pillar, and the cultural pillar, alongside the moderating influence of income inequality and economic uncertainty on value creation choices. Findings & value added: Our findings show that the regulative framework has a positive marginal effect on for-profit and mixed-value creation, but a negative effect on non-profit value creation. Meanwhile, the normative pillar has a negative marginal effect on for-profit and mixed-value creation, but a positive effect on non-profit value creation. The cultural pillar has a negative marginal effect on for-profit and mixed-value creation, but a positive effect on non-profit value creation. Furthermore, income inequality moderates positive the relationship between normative pillar and for-profit and mixed-value creation, while economic uncertainty moderates negative the relationship between normative pillar and for-profit and mixed-value creation. Our research contributes to the literature by providing a nuanced understanding of how institutional pillars can act as drivers or barriers for different entrepreneurial forms, evidence of how uncertainty interacts with institutional forces to shape value creation decisions, and insights into the distinctive attributes of different entrepreneurial forms. Our findings have implications for public policy development.Publication A Sustainable Management Model for Cultural Creative Tourism Ecosystems(2020) García Henche, Blanca; Salvaj, Erica; Cuesta-Valiño, Pedro; Salvaj, EricaThis article proposes a novel management model for cultural, creative, and historic tourism cities. The creation of the model is based on previous literature and in the study of Barrio de las Letras, in Madrid, to identify the key components to successfully develop creative tourism ecosystems. The model integrates the literature on city center management and, unlike previous studies, incorporates missing elements, such as the role of small businesses associations and collaboration networks among diverse stakeholders to develop a cultural–historic tourism ecosystem. This model represents a proposal that supports the coexistence of the private and public sector and sustainable governance models that integrate the inhabitants of city centers with the economic activity generated by urban tourism. The model was developed by an analysis of secondary sources, interviews with key informants, and questionnaires of entrepreneurs located in a recently invigorated cultural and historic neighborhood. The contribution of knowledge offered by this paper is the proposition of a management model that can aid town centers to create competitive cultural/creative/historic tourism ecosystems while still preserving the sustainability of their social/commercial fabric. Therefore, the collaboration of cultural organizations, hospitality industry and retail can promote cultural, creative, and sustainable management model of historic urban centers.Publication Political connections, the liability of foreignness, and legitimacy: A business historical analysis of multinationals’ strategies in Chile(2018) Bucheli, Marcelo; Salvaj, EricaResearch Summary: We conduct a historical analysis of the multinational corporations’ strategy of creating connections with a host country’s elite as a way of legitimizing its operations in contexts characterized by long-term political, social, and economic changes. We argue that the success or failure of these strategies depends on (a) the perceived legitimacy of these connections among a host country’s society during times of change and (b) the capability of the multinational’s political connections to shield it from challenges arising when the host country’s social structure is undergoing deep transformations. We outline and follow a business historical approach that combines the theoretical frameworks of international business, strategy, organizational theory, and political science to analyze multinationals operating in Chile’s energy and telecommunications sectors from 1932 to 1973. Managerial Summary: Western multinationals face hard challenges when trying to legitimize their operations vis-à-vis the host country’s societies in emerging and underdeveloped countries. One strategy developed by multinationals to neutralize potential challenges to their legitimacy has been to establish connections with influential members of the host country’s elites. We study how this strategy fares in host countries that are undergoing dramatic political and economic changes. We first argue that overtly maintaining open connections with an elite that is viewed as a relic of an illegitimate past can become a liability. And, second, that highly visible connections are more likely to become a liability in times of political and social change than less visible ones. We illustrate our arguments with a historical study of the strategies followed by American telecommunications and oil multinationals in Chile.Publication COVID-19 and higher education: responding to local demands and the consolidation of e-internationalization in Latin American universities(2021) Cordova, Miguel; Floriani, Dinorá Eliete; González-Pérez, Maria Alejandra; Hermans, Michel; Mingo, Santiago; Monje-Cueto, Fabiola; Nava-Aguirre, Karla Maria; Rodriguez, Carlos Adrian; Salvaj, Erica19 pandemic by higher education institutions (HEIs) in Latin America. Design/methodology/approach – This study is based on information from eight leading Latin American private universities. The data were obtained from official sources such as institutional communications and university administrators. Findings – The authors identify two main issues that HEIs should consider while responding to the pandemic. First, greater attention and resource allocation to the universities’ main local stakeholders can affect traditional internationalization activities. Second, a focus on revitalizing foreign partnerships and strengthening “virtual internationalization” can help maintain and eventually increase international presence. Research limitations/implications – While this study analyses how these Latin American HEIs responded during the initial stages of the COVID-19 outbreak, it is important to conduct follow-up studies to shed light on how HEIs are adapting to the COVID-19 crisis as it continues to unfold. Originality/value – This study is based on unique information gathered from leading private, not-for-profit HEIs in Latin America, which, contrary to state-owned HEIs or other private institutions in developed economies, have exhibited different means and conditions to respond to the coronavirus outbreak. Finally, the authors contribute to the literature on the internationalization of HEIs by discussing the role of a significant disruptive event on the internationalization of higher education and, particularly, business schoolsPublication Better together: How multinationals come together with business groups in times of economic and political transitions(John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018) Bucheli, Marcelo; Salvaj, Erica; Minyoung, Kim; Salvaj, EricaThis article studies two interrelated questions. First, why did business groups in emerging markets thrive and prevail after pro‐market reforms were implemented in their countries? And, second, what type of adaptation strategies can multinational corporations develop in order to be competitive in economies dominated by business groups? By conducting an archive‐based historical network analysis of business groups in Chile during periods of major economic and political transitions, we maintain that business groups were created in periods of protectionism as a way to navigate economies with strong state participation or inefficient markets. In this process, these groups endogenously created an economy with market imperfections resulting from the dominance of these business groups. This means that the transition toward more open markets did not necessarily create more competitive environments and that elites in emerging economies were unwilling to abandon the advantages of having links between their businesses. Multinationals entering this economy adapted by becoming business groups themselves and creating links with other business groups. In sum, strategies devised as means to reduce market imperfections created new imperfections that incentivized the business groups to retain their structure and forced multinationals to become business groups.Publication Longitudinal Study of Interlocking Directorates in Argentina and Foreign Firms’ Integration into Local Capitalism (1923–2000)(Routledge, 2014) Lluch, Andrea; Salvaj, EricaInterlocking directorates can play important roles for the organization and performance of business, as well as for the structuring of economic power (Mizruchi 1996). We are particularly interested in the historical embeddedness of board interlocks and transformations in their significance and structure over time. This chapter focuses on the factors that fueled changes and shifts in Argentine board interlocks throughout the twentieth century. Argentina offers an interesting context because its troubled economic performance has been a puzzling case in literature concerning development economics. Its capitalist system has undergone multiple transformations over the years. Despite its ranking as a comparatively rich country in the early twentieth century, it steadily drifted farther from industrial economies, until the collapse of the economy in 2001.Publication Corporate Networks and Business Groups in Argentina in the Early 1970s(01/07/2014) Lluch, Andrea; Salvaj, Erica; Barbero, María Inés; Salvaj, EricaThis article examines the interlocking directorates’ structure of prominent Argentine business groups at the end of the import sub-stitution period (1970–72), identifying corporate relations among and between business groups and the largest companies, during a period characterised by high institutional and macroeconomic instability. Applying social network analysis, it seeks to clarify how business groups can contribute to the cohesion of a corporate network structure, through their ability to create links among firms not only within their boundaries but also external to them. The article contributes to both corporate network and business groups’ literature, highlighting a role of business groups that extant literature has failed to identify as relevant.Publication Champions in the time of COVID-19: tracing paths to recovery in Ibero-America(2020) Wagstaff, M. Fernanda; Salvaj, Erica; Villanueva, Sarah; Salvaj, EricaPurpose – The purpose of this study is to analyze the case of Ximena Aguilera, a prominent Chilean epidemiologist, as an exemplar of a champion in times of COVID-19 in Ibero-America. We also refine our understanding of the nature of a champion facing wicked problems. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use qualitative case analysis to examine Aguilera’s actions in response to COVID-19 and compare her actions with the characteristics of an emerging theory of champions facing wicked problems. Findings – This study builds iteratively upon prior analysis of gender equality champions and finds that the depth, scope and leverage of embracement of champions in times of COVID-19 are parallel to those of gender equality champions. The authors also discuss the findings from the perspective of wicked problems. Research limitations/implications – Future qualitative and quantitative work is needed to examine the boundaries of the theory of champions facing wicked problems across a wider range of problem domains and in a wider population of champions. Practical implications – Wicked problems can occur in multi-level organizational structures, and understanding the characteristics of individuals best-suited to contribute to the definition and solution of these problems is relevant to organizational selection, development, policy and practices. Social implications – Many of the society’s greatest challenges are defined as wicked problems, so understanding the champions of wicked problems is critical for public policy and societal advancement efforts. The nature of wicked problems is considered, and the implications of champions of wicked problems for society are discussed. Originality/value – This work offers an in-depth examination of a champion facing a wicked problem, here the COVID-19 pandemic, while the crisis is ongoing. By capturing the champion’s observations and experiences in real time, the authors obtain a perspective that is unique and unavailable through othermethods.Publication Business investment in education in emerging markets since the 1960s(2019) Giacomin, Valeria; Jones, Geoffrey; Salvaj, EricaThis article examines non-profit investments by business in education in emerging markets between the 1960s and the present day. Using a sample of 110 interviews with business leaders from a recently developed oral history database, the study shows that more than three-quarters of such leaders invested in education as a non-profit activity. The article explores three different types of motivations behind such high levels of engagement with education: values driven, context focussed, and firm focussed. The article identifies significant regional variations in terms of investment execution, structure, and impact. In South and Southeast Asia, there was a preference for long-term investment in primary and secondary education. In Africa and Latin America, some initiatives sometimes had a shorter-term connotation, but with high-profile projects in partnerships with international organisations and foreign universities. In Turkey, there was heavy focus on training and the creation of universities. The article concludes by examining the impact of this investment, comparing Chile and India especially. It discusses issues such as the paucity of financial data and the challenges of comparing different types of educational spending, which make robust conclusions hard, but does suggest that although such spending did not resolve major educational roadblocks across the emerging world, it represented a positive overall social gainPublication Asociacionismo y marketing en la transformación de barrios históricos hacia destinos turísticos. Análisis de Barrio Italia (Santiago de Chile) y Barrio de las Letras (Madrid)(2019) García Henche, Blanca; Pareti Petruccelli, Stefanía; Salvaj, EricaDebido a la extensa proliferación del turismo urbano a nivel internacional, surge la necesidad de potenciar y entender cómo los barrios históricos, al ser intervenidos estratégicamente, pueden resultar ser destinos turísticos de turismo experiencial, poniendo en valor recursos y servicios que a su vez mejoran la vida de la población local. El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar y describir cómo el fortalecimiento del asociacionismo y las redes entre quiénes componen la oferta cultural, comercial y turística de dichos barrios históricos resulta fundamental para el desarrollo y sostenibilidad de los mismos. Es por esto que se ha seleccionado dos barrios históricos como Barrio Italia (Santiago de Chile) y Barrio de las Letras (Madrid) por encontrarse en diferentes fases de ciclo de vida respecto a su desarrollo como destino turístico