Person: Armijo-Rivera, Soledad
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Armijo-Rivera
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Publication Modelo de escenarios de simulación para el entrenamiento de razonamiento clínico en estudiantes de medicina(2023) Armijo-Rivera, Soledad; Labarca, Cristian; Pérez Villalobos, Cristian; Behrens Pérez, Claudia; Tamburrino Díaz, Catalina; Castro Pérez, Javiera; Díaz Guío, AndrésIntroducción: El razonamiento clínico es una tarea compleja que los médicos utilizan al momento de enfrentarse a los pacientes. Se puede llevar a cabo a través del sistema intuitivo y el analítico. La simulación clínica es una herramienta para entrenar el razonamiento clínico, sin embargo, su evaluación sigue siendo un desafío. En el presente estudio, se evaluó el formato de diseño de escenarios para razonamiento clínico, asociado al uso de una pauta de observación aplicada en estudiantes de medicina en dos escenarios de simulación secuenciales. Material y Métodos: Se diseñaron dos escenarios de simulación con 4 niveles de complejidad para el manejo de sepsis en paciente adulto, donde participaron 12 grupos de 8 estudiantes. Estas simulaciones fueron grabadas y posteriormente analizadas por observadores calificados a través de una pauta de observación de escenario basada en las propuestas conceptuales de Croskerry, Braun y Pennaforte. Resultados: Los escenarios se llevaron a cabo en un promedio de 12 minutos. La mayoría logró establecer el diagnóstico e instauración de manejo inicial a través de la recogida parcial de información, dando cuenta del dominio del razonamiento intuitivo en el 98 % de los casos, sin embargo, solo el 10,4 % utilizó el sistema analítico. Conclusión: El diseño de escenarios de simulación compuestos de distintos niveles de complejidad podría promover el desarrollo del razonamiento clínico. La utilización de una pauta de observación del escenario permitió el análisis del proceso del razonamiento clínico en un entorno realista y sin interrupciones, y podría ser utilizada para guiar el debriefing.Publication Simulación remota: Un estudio cualitativo sobre razonamiento clínico y errores cognitivos desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes(2023) Mir Bezanilla, Verónica; González-Bernstein, Antonia; Luer, Maria Ignacia; López-Leiva, Rosario; Díaz Schmidt, Joaquín Andrés; Armijo-Rivera, Soledad; Pérez-Villalobos, CristhianIntroduction: Clinical reasoning is a crucial competency for medical practice and also a complex theory that is susceptible to cognitive errors. It is usually taught with clinical cases, in clinical settings, without technologies and in a practical manner rather than from a conceptual perspective. Given the need to improve its teaching in the undergraduate medical curriculum during the pandemic, we hypothesized that medical students participating in an online simulation and reflective practice course could benefit from a practical and theoretical approach to the clinical reasoning process. Material and Methods: A four-week online course, based on synchronous and asynchronous online simulation and reflective practice, was developed to promote metacognition among participants. The course was delivered to 8 sixth-year medical students as an elective module. A questionnaire consisting of four open-ended questions was designed to explore knowledge about clinical reasoning and cognitive errors, and was administered at the beginning and end of the course. A qualitative analysis of the responses was carried out using Berelson's content analysis method. Results: At the end of the course, students changed their understanding of the concept of clinical reasoning, considering it more as a process and identifying the dual nature described in one of the theories of clinical decision making. They also changed their knowledge of cognitive errors, attributing them not only to lack of knowledge, and understanding that they can actively use some strategies to reduce cognitive biases. Discussion: This study confirms that undergraduate students positively change their concept of clinical reasoning and their knowledge about this cognitive process and the cognitive errors that occur in it after a course that includes online simulation and reflectionPublication Culturally adapted meta-debriefing: a mixed-methods study of reflective practice in Spanish-speaking simulation faculty development in Chile(2025) Armijo-Rivera, Soledad; Vergara, Karen; Vicencio, Scarlett; Foss, Brynjar; Maldonado, MarciaBackground: Simulation-based education has expanded across Latin America, creating demand for contextually relevant faculty development. Meta-debriefing, defined as a facilitated conversation following a debriefing, can strengthen debriefer performance. However, its implementation and effectiveness in Spanish-speaking settings remain underexplored. The CORE model (context, observation, reflection, and enhanced practice) provides structural guidance, but its adaptation to regional cultures has not been studied. Methods: We conducted a concurrent mixed-methods study of one experienced meta-debriefer interacting and facilitating 15 remote meta-debriefing sessions with interprofessional novice debriefers. Quantitative data were derived from audio-recorded sessions using DASH, SET-M, a CORE-aligned checklist, and a meta-debriefing pillars tool. Qualitative data consisted of written observer reports, analyzed using inductive content analysis, and triangulated across sources. Results: Quantitative analysis revealed high adherence to the CORE model and consistent demonstration of the four meta-debriefing pillars. Peer-assessed DASH scores ranged from 6.8 to 7.0, while SET-M items were consistently marked as achieved. Qualitatively, the meta-debriefer demonstrated behaviors aligned with psychologically safe, context-dependent, theoretically grounded, and formative facilitation. The meta-debriefer used cultural metaphors (e.g., "boli," "cazuelas," and a prisoner's song) to clarify structure and normalize reflection. Five reflection strategies emerged as central to generating debriefer insight: (1) Structured reorientation, (2) constructivist linkage to clinical identity, (3) metaphorical framing, (4) strategic questioning (e.g., advocacy & inquiry, circular inquiry), and (5) emotional normalization. Conclusion: This study demonstrates how meta-debriefing, when implemented through culturally sensitive and structured approaches like CORE, supports transformative learning among simulation debriefers. Meta-debriefer's relational style, use of shared narratives, and context-sensitive scaffolding activated learner-centered reflection. As meta-debriefing models gain traction in Latin America and beyond, this study highlights the value of culturally responsive faculty development strategies that integrate local language, values, and pedagogical traditions into simulation-based education.