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Item A simple index of innovation with complexity(School of Business and Economics, Universidad del Desarrollo, 2016-01) Fernández Donoso, JoséPatents are the main source of data on innovation. Since most of the innovative activity happens outside of the patenting system, and since patents –and innovations- have different quality, complexity, and impact on each market, unweighted sums of patents and proxies are a bad indicator of a country’s innovative activity. I generate a very simple index of innovation that weights patents and exports by a complexity measure. Country rankings using this measure are consistent with market size, GDP per capita, and technological development of each countryPublication Adaptation Strategies of Multinational Corporations, State-Owned Enterprises, and Domestic Business Groups to Economic and Political Transitions: A Network Analysis of the Chilean Telecommunications Sector, 1958- 2005(School of Business and Economics, Universidad del Desarrollo, 2014-09) Bucheli, Marcelo; Salvaj, EricaThis paper compares the corporate network strategies between multinational corporations of two different origins (United States and Spain), business groups, and state-owned enterprises in the public utility sector of a developing country going through economic and political transitions. The transitions we consider are from an import substitution industrialization model to an open market economy and from a democratic regime to a dictatorial one and back to democracy. We analyze the Chilean telecommunications sector between 1958 and 2005 and find that during a democratic regime all firms sought to build more networks with each other, while incentives decrease under an authoritarian regime. In the protectionist era, US investors built links with Chile’s corporate elite, while in times of an open economy, Spanish investors built these links with the government. State-owned corporations did not attempt to build links with other actors at any time, and business groups sought to build most networks among members of the group. Our findings challenge two commonly held assumptions: first, that open economies decrease incentives for domestic actors to build links with each other and, second, that close political regimes increase incentives to build networks among economic actorsItem Alternativas de políticas públicas(2000) Larroulet Vignau, CristiánEn este artículo se reseñan las principales políticas públicas aplicadas en el área de la educación básica y media durante las últimas dos décadas, realizando una distinción entre ellas. Así se distinguen aquellas consideradas como políticas que enfatizan la descentralización, la autonomía de las escuelas, la competencia entre los oferentes, el rol subsidiario del Estado y el subsidio a la demanda; de otras que colocan énfasis en un rol más activo del Ministerio de Educación, subsidios a la oferta y un mayor apoyo desde el gobierno central hacia las escuelas y liceos.Item El arte de gobierno(Universidad del Desarrollo, 2017) García de la Sierra, EduardoItem Chile: libertad económica 1860-2007(School of Business and Economics, Universidad del Desarrollo, 2009-03) Larroulet Vignau, CristiánItem Chile´s struggle against populism: a success story(2015-12-31) Larroulet Vignau, CristiánItem Cobertura educacional comparación entre Chile y USA(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Economía y Negocios, 2014) Larroulet Vignau, Cristián; Gorosabel, JacintoItem Comparing entrepreneurs, organizational employees, and the double profile: Satisfaction with work-family balance, resources and demands(2015-01-21) Kuschel, KatherinaThis study wants to question the increasingly “popular” notion that self-employment represents a solution to conflict between work and family by comparing the levels of satisfaction with work-family balance and subjective well-being among three samples: organizational employees, entrepreneurs, and the double profile. Based in the job demands-resources framework, this study compares job demands, job resources, and key personal resources among the three groups of workers. Results show that entrepreneurs experience higher levels of satisfaction with work-family balance and subjective well-being, and enjoy greater job resources and key personal resources than organizational employees. Particularly, job autonomy, work-family climate and job security (withdrawal chances) were the greater differences. Interestingly, the double profile share more similarities with the employees group than with the entrepreneursItem Concesiones. agenda para el 2020. Prólogo(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Economía y Negocios, 2009) Larroulet Vignau, CristiánItem Copreneurial Women in startups: Growth-oriented or lifestyle? An aid for technology industry investors(School of Business and Economics, Universidad del Desarrollo, 2015-10) Kuschel, Katherina; Lepeley, María TeresaPurpose – Latin American investors are commonly suspicious of investing in copreneurial ventures (a male and female couple) integrated in working teams and show even higher levels of uncertainty when startups are led by a female founder. This paper addresses issues related to women as leaders in copreneurial tech ventures and analyzes whether these ventures are growth-oriented or conform to limited partnerships that merely meet women’s needs for a standard of living. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative, inductive and constructive approach was needed for addressing the research question. Three copreneurial women and two divorced copreneurs were interviewed. A grounded theory approach was followed to analyze data, which identified emerging themes. Findings – Copreneurial teams in technology have similar and complementary high levels of education and skill development. After enough time working together, each partner is well aware of mutual skills and each other’s strengths, allowing them to identify their roles. Both divide work and family, and have developed a level of mutual trust that is essential to moving forward. They commonly show a workaholic tendency with a high rational underpinning. All of these factors strengthen collaboration, and in many instances this business liaison can remain intact despite a breakdown in a sentimental relationship. Additional findings show that their growth-orientation take multiple structures. Practical implications – This study conveys information that can help investors make decisions that support these copreneurial teams. Originality/value – Although representing an increasingly common type of startup team, copreneurs in technology have not yet been addressed as a specific sample in family business research.Item Corruption and bureaucracy in entrepreneurship(School of Business and Economics, Universidad del Desarrollo, 2014-12) Lecuna, AntonioEntrepreneurship has been associated with three categories of factors: (1) macroeconomic factors, such as unemployment and income; (2) factors related to government institutions, such as corruption and political stability; and (3) competitiveness-related factors, such as the capacity for innovation and the number of procedures required to start a business. In this study, I find that all three categories are equally significant and that a combination of these three categories generates the most significant statistical results. The findings also reveal that two specific indicators are consistently more significant than the others. I posit that better control of corruption and a lower unemployment rate are associated with increasing levels of entrepreneurial activity as measured by business registrations and entrepreneur participation rates. Furthermore, interaction tests between the control of corruption and competitiveness-related factors found that simultaneous decreases in corruption and the number of procedures required to start a business provide added value, jointly boosting entrepreneurial activity. Panel data from 55 nations for the 2004–2009 period support these findingsItem Desigualdad e inequidad en la utilización de servicios médicos por grupos etarios en Chile, 2000-2011(School of Business and Economics, Universidad del Desarrollo, 2011) Vásquez Lavín, Felipe; Chovar Vera, Alejandra; Paraje, GuillermoEste artículo considera esta heterogeneidad entre la población y examina índices de desigualdad e inequidad en la utilización de servicios médicos para niños, adultos, y adultos mayores en Chile entre el 2000 y 2011Item Determinants of the Risk Attitude in Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Latin America(School of Business and Economics, Universidad del Desarrollo, 2014) Sepúlveda, Jean P.; Bonilla, Claudio A.This paper departs from the traditional analysis of the effects of risk aversion in entrepreneurship to study the determinants of entrepreneurial risk aversion in developing a new venture and becoming an entrepreneur. We took fear of failing as a proxy for risk aversion and applied our analysis to the most important Latin American economies. We observed that being male, having more years of formal education and believing to have the necessary skills to develop a new venture decreased the probability of feeling a fear of failing and, thus, eventually increased the probability of developing a new venture. Age affects risk quadratically (first positively, but after some point, negatively), and if there is a prior experience of having shut down a business, risk aversion increases, that is, the probability of feeling a fear of failing, which reduces the probability of becoming an entrepreneurItem Determining the Feasibility of Establishing New Multiple Use Marine Protected Areas in Chile(School of Business and Economics, Universidad del Desarrollo, 2015) Vásquez Lavín, Felipe; Simon, Jeanne; Paz-Lerdon, XimenaThis paper evaluates the feasibility of establishing a Multiple Use Marine Protected Area. The methodology was applied to evaluate three proposed sites in Chile with diverse conservation needs, social stress and poverty levels, and different economic activities (small-scale fishing, heavy industry and mining activities). We use two broad categories for the evaluation: Socio-economic and political-institutional. The methodology uses a combination of secondary data with personal interviews, workshops and focus groups with fishermen, unions, politicians, social organizations, etc., from different political, social and economic background to characterize current and potential natural and social resources and to evaluate in an ordinal scale the feasibility of establishing the protected areaItem Earnings Management and Performance in Family-Controlled: Evidence from an emerging economy(2014-11-27) Sepúlveda, Jean P.; Jara-Bertin, MauricioThis study introduces an earnings management dimension to compute premanipulated accounting performance to determine whether family-controlled firms have higher performance relative to non-family-controlled firms. Using a premanipulated return on assets measure for Chilean firms dataset, we find that the premanipulated performance of family controlled firms is superior to that of non-family-controlled firms. We also show that the presence of institutional investors in the firm’s ownership structure has a positive influence on performance of family companies. The results suggest that earnings management behavior is not sufficient to explain the higher performance of family-controlled firms that has been reported in the literatureItem Efectos de un programa de privatizaciones: el caso de Chile (1985-1989)(1994) Larroulet Vignau, CristiánA partir de una reseña del programa económico aplicado en Chile durante la segunda mitad de los años ochenta, el presente estudio analiza los resultados y efectos, tanto políticos como económicos, de la política de privatizaciones que se llevó a cabo en el curso de ese período. Se concluye aquí que el traspaso de propiedad estatal al sector privado ayudó en forma decisiva a que la economía se recuperase de la crisis sufrida durante los primeros años de los 80Item Effects of Employment protection legislation on the ability to downsize: Firms in weaker position are most affected?(2015-05-26) Mandakovic, Vesna; Flores, YarelaThe research on downsizing has focused either on the causes or on the effects of downsizing on firms’ performance. This paper empirically investigates how the interaction between increasing employment protection legislation (EPL) and firms’ attributes affects downsizing decisions, our hypothesis are founded in the fact that the negative effect of EPL in downsizing can be attenuated or enhanced in the presence of heterogeneous attributes of firmsItem Emprendimiento: Factor clave para la nueva etapa de Chile(School of Business and Economics, Universidad del Desarrollo, 2007) Larroulet Vignau, Cristián; Ramírez, MacarenaEste trabajo examina el concepto de emprendimiento y su relación con el desarrollo económico a la luz de la literatura académica, el Global Entrepreneurship Monitor y otros índices internacionales. El análisis subraya las diferencias entre el emprendimiento por oportunidad, que conduce al desarrollo, y el emprendimiento por necesidad que es indicador de pobreza. A continuación se establece que para favorecer el espíritu emprendedor es preciso generar un medio ambiente adecuado, el que depende en gran parte de las medidas implementadas por los gobiernos. Finalmente se analiza la realidad chilena y se hace una evaluación de los costos que afectan la actividad emprendedora. Se concluye que si Chile desea acelerar su crecimiento a través del aumento de la productividad debe promover el emprendimiento, ya que el empresario es el principal promotor de la innovación y quien detecta las oportunidadesItem Endeudamiento interno: orígenes, soluciones y perspectivas(School of Business and Economics, Universidad del Desarrollo, 1987) Larroulet Vignau, CristiánEste trabajo contiene un análisis comprehensivo del problema del excesivo endeudamiento, a nivel macro y microeconómico, experimentado por nuestro país en los últimos años. En la primera parte se explicitan los principales factores internos y externos que contribuyeron a producir la elevada relación deuda-capital de los sectores productivo y financiero. Se determina que la magnitud e intensidad de los efectos de la crisis externa que Chile ha soportado, en concomitancia con razones de origen doméstico, provocaron la transformación del problema individual de sobreendeudamiento en uno de carácter global. En la segunda parte se describe cómo intervino el Estado para minimizar los costos sociales y facilitar los ajustes necesarios e inevitables de los contratos entre deudores y acreedores. Tal intervención se ajustó a la función subsidiaria del Estado en la economía conservando en lo posible el papel del mercado. La conclusión general de este estudio es que la crisis económica sufrida por el país ha sido de una magnitud considerable y atípica. Existe consenso de que se necesitarán varios años para dar una solución integral y definitiva al problema del endeudamientoItem La enseñanza de economía y administración en las instituciones de educación superior(School of Business and Economics, Universidad del Desarrollo, 2006-05) Larroulet Vignau, Cristián; Domper, María de la Luz