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Browsing by Author "Rojas, Graciela"

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Chilean Adaptation and Validation of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised Version
(2017) Hoffmann, Marianela; J Carola, Pérez; García, Catalina; Rojas, Graciela; Martínez, Vania
The aim of this study was to develop an adapted version of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised (EATQ-R) that would be valid and reliable for assessing temperament and its components in Chileans between 12 and 18 years of age. Originally, Ellis and Rothbart (2001) developed this questionnaire (EATQ-R) to be used in North American adolescents. For the study in Chile, a translation protocol was developed, to maintain the original instrument’s cultural and linguistic equivalence in the adapted version. Psychometric properties of the EATQ-R, such as factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent validity, were also assessed. The adaption and validation was carried out in two stages, with two different studies. The first study, which included 612 adolescent students from educational establishments in the cities of Santiago and Concepcion, Chile, developed the Chilean version of the 83-item EATQ-R, which has 13 dimensions, belonging to 4 theoretical factors with adequate internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.79–0.82). The second study assessed the questionnaire’s convergent validity, through its application to 973 adolescent students in Santiago. Results show that the effortful control subscale was significantly inversely related to indicators of adolescent maladjustment, such as substance abuse and behavioral problems. In addition, it was directly associated with indicators of selfconcept, including self-esteem and self-efficacy. The opposite pattern was observed when considering negative affect. These findings coincide with current knowledge on the relationship between temperament and adjustment in adolescents.
Internet-based interventions for the prevention and treatment of depression in people living in developing countries: A systematic review
(2018) Martínez, Pablo; Rojas, Graciela; Martínez, Vania; Lara, María Asunción; Pérez, Carola
Background: Internet-based interventions for depression may be a valuable resource to reduce the treatment gap for those living in developing countries. However, evidence comes mainly from developed countries. This systematic review summarized the evidence on preventive or therapeutic Internet-based interventions for depression for people who reside in developing countries. Methods: CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, SciELO Citation Indexes, the Journal of Medical Internet Research, and the Telemedicine and e-Health journal, were searched up to June 2017, to identify feasibility or effectiveness studies of preventive or therapeutic Internet-based interventions for depression, with or without human support. Studies included subjects residing in developing countries, and were published in English or Spanish. Study protocols were included. Risk of bias and/or quality of the reporting of the studies included was assessed. Results: Five feasibility studies, aimed at the prevention of depression, and a study protocol were included in this systematic review. Reports came mostly from the Americas (n = 4). Internet-based interventions aimed at the prevention of depression presented low levels of human support, were useful and acceptable to their users, and require further design refinements to improve their use and retention. Limitations: No gray literature was searched or included in this systematic review. Searches were limited to English and Spanish languages. Discussions: Internet-based interventions aimed at the prevention of depression in people who reside in developing countries are in an early phase of development, limiting the generalizability of the results. Future studies must employ persuasive designs to improve user retention, incorporating larger samples and a control group to conclusively determine feasibility.
Mindfulness-based interventions in secondary education: a qualitative systematic review.
(2015) Langer, Álvaro I.; Ulloa Jiménez, Valentina; Cangas, Adolfo J.; Rojas, Graciela; Krause, Mariane
In order to study the effects of mindfulness meditation interventions administered to adolescents within their educational institutions, a qualitative systematic review was conducted. Sixteen studies published in main databases were analysed. The results show that mindfulness, as a prevention strategy in educational contexts, resulted in significant changes in the followings variables: (a) psychological (e.g., reduction in depressive symptoms); (b) psychosocial (e.g., increased social skills); and (c) physiological (e.g., improvement of blood pressure). Although the results were conclusive, their interpretation and generalization should be carefully analysed as there were no medium- and long-term follow-up evaluations, in addition to the fact that there has been a minimal assessment of the psychological mechanisms involved in the change processes.
Prevención, detección, tratamiento o seguimiento en salud mental de adolescentes a través del uso de Internet: una revisión sistemática cualitativa
(2014) Hoffmann, Marianela; Rojas, Graciela; Martínez, Vania
Background: The widespread use of INTERNET by adolescents, renders it a simple and accessible means for health care campaigns Aim: To perform a systematic review of ISI publications about INTERNET use for adolescent mental health prevention, detection, treatment or follow up. Material and Methods: Systematic reviews, meta analyses and controlled clinical trials in all languages were searched. Manuscripts without an abstract or only publishing the study design were excluded. All selected articles were critically read. Results: One hundred and five papers were found and 61 were excluded because they did not address the research question. Of the resting 44, only six complied with the search criteria among then, 3 articles correspond to systematic reviews addressing early intervention programs and mental hearth treatment based on Internet; the other 3 articles correspond to controlled clinical trials addressing treatment interventions of anxiety and depression and 1 address on depression prevention program. Conclusions: INTERNET facilitates the application of mental health promotion, prevention and intervention among adolescents. However the resource is still underused.
Propiedades psicométricas del inventario de depresión de Beck IA para la población chilena
(2017) Valdés, Camila; Morales-Reyes, Irma; Pérez Ewert, J. Carola; Medellín, Adriana; Rojas, Graciela; Krause, Mariane
Background: According to the Chilean National Health Survey (2009- 2010), 17% of people aged 15 years or more have depressive symptoms. Thus, freely-available, easily-administered, and highly sensitive screening tests for depression are needed in clinical and research settings. Aim: To evaluate the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-IA) in adult Chilean population. Material and Methods: The inventory was applied to a sample of 1.105 adults aged between 18 to 73 years (94% women). Ninety nine participants were outpatients receiving treatment for affective disorders, 932 were parents and/or guardians of students enrolled in schools and 73 were university students (sample with no known depressive disorder). To perform data analysis, two groups from the random combination of both samples were generated. Results: The inventory showed an appropriate degree of internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = .92). An exploratory factor analysis suggested a one-factor solution. This solution was reinforced with a confirmatory factor analysis, which displayed an adequate goodness of fit. The cutoff score, based on the Youden Index, was 13/14 points. It was able to discriminate between depressed and non-depressed participants. Conclusions: These results indicate that the BDI-IA is an appropriate instrument to assess depressive symptoms in Chilean adults.
Psychometric properties of a spanish version of the Beck depression inventory IA
(2017) Valdés, Camila; Morales-Reyes, Irma; Pérez, Carola J.; Medellin, Adriana; Rojas, Graciela; Krause, Mariane
Background: According to the Chilean National Health Survey (20092010), 17% of people aged 15 years or more have depressive symptoms. Thus, freely-available, easily-administered, and highly sensitive screening tests for depression are needed in clinical and research settings. Aim: To evaluate the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-IA) in adult Chilean population. Material and Methods: The inventory was applied to a sample of 1.105 adults aged between 18 to 73 years (94% women). Ninety nine participants were outpatients receiving treatment for affective disorders, 932 were parents and/or guardians of students enrolled in schools and 73 were university students (sample with no known depressive disorder). To perform data analysis, two groups from the random combination of both samples were generated. Results: The inventory showed an appropriate degree of internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = .92). An exploratory factor analysis suggested a one-factor solution. This solution was reinforced with a confirmatory factor analysis, which displayed an adequate goodness of fit. The cutoff score, based on the Youden Index, was 13/14 points. It was able to discriminate between depressed and non-depressed participants. Conclusions: These results indicate that the BDI-IA is an appropriate instrument to assess depressive symptoms in Chilean adults.
The Impact of a Yoga-Based Mindfulness Intervention versus Psycho-Educational Session for Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: The Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial
(2022) Farhang, Maryam; Rojas, Graciela; Martínez, Pablo; Behrens, Maria Isabel; Langer, Álvaro I.; Diaz, Marcela; Miranda-Castillo, Claudia
Background: There is a global agreement in the medical community that a significant proportion of dementia cases could be prevented or postponed. One of the factors behind this agreement comes from scientific evidence showing that mind-body interventions such as mindfulness and yoga for the elderly have been related to a range of positive outcomes, including improved cognition performance in seniors with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a yoga-based mindfulness intervention (YBM) versus psychoeducational sessions for older adults with MCI attending Hospital Clinic Universidad de Chile in Santiago. Method: Two-arm, individually randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be carried out at Clinical Hospital Universidad de Chile in Santiago. Older people over 60 years with any type of MCI using a score < 21 in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test and a score of 0.05 in the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale; and with preserved activities of daily living will be randomly assigned with an allocation ratio of 1:1 in either the yoga-based mindfulness intervention or the active control group based on the psycho-educational program. People who have performed yoga and/or mindfulness in the last 6 months or/and people with a psychiatric clinical diagnosis will be excluded from the study. Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL), the Barthel Index (BI), the Pemberton happiness index, the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) as well as the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-5) will be administered by blinded outcomes assessors before random assignment (Pre-test), the week following the last session of the intervention (post-test), and then after 3- and 6-months follow-up. Results: The YBM intervention protocol based on a video recording has been adapted and designed. This is the first RCT to examine the effects of a yoga-based mindfulness intervention in improving cognitive and physical functions and mental health outcomes for Chilean elderly diagnosed with MCI. It is expected to be implemented as an acceptable and effective non-pharmacological option for older people with MCI. Conclusion: Providing evidence-based programs such as preventive therapy for Alzheimer’s disease has relevant implications for public mental health services in Chile.
Use of Internet for mental health programs aimed at adolescents
(2014) Hoffmann, Marianela; Rojas, Graciela; Martínez, Vania
Background: The widespread use of INTERNET by adolescents, renders it a simple and accessible means for health care campaigns Aim: To perform a systematic review of ISI publications about INTERNET use for adolescent mental health prevention, detection, treatment or follow up. Material and Methods: Systematic reviews, meta analyses and controlled clinical trials in all languages were searched. Manuscripts without an abstract or only publishing the study design were excluded. All selected articles were critically read. Results: One hundred and five papers were found and 61 were excluded because they did not address the research question. Of the resting 44, only six complied with the search criteria among then, 3 articles correspond to systematic reviews addressing early intervention programs and mental hearth treatment based on Internet; the other 3 articles correspond to controlled clinical trials addressing treatment interventions of anxiety and depression and I address on depression prevention program. Conclusions: INTERNET facilitates the application of mental health promotion, prevention and intervention among adolescents. However the resource is still underused.

Browsing by Author "Rojas, Graciela"

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