Browsing by Author "Rodríguez-Oroz, Delia"

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    A Cross-Cutting Approach for Relating Anthropocene, Environmental Injustice and Sacrifice Zones
    (2022) Gayo, Eugenia M.; Muñoz, Ariel A.; Maldonado, Antonio; Lavergne, Céline; Francois, Jean Pierre; Rodríguez-Oroz, Delia; Klock-Barría, Karin; Sheppard, Paul R.; Aguilera-Betti, Isabella; Alonso-Hernández, Carlos; Mena-Carrasco, Marcelo; Urquiza, Anahí; Gallardo, Laura
    The Anthropocene is an uneven phenomenon. Accelerated shifts in the functioning of the Earth System are mainly driven by the production and consumption of wealthy economies. Social, environmental and health costs of such industrialization, however, bear on low-income communities inhabiting severely degraded territories by polluting activities (i.e., sacrifice zones). How global, national and local socioeconomic and governance processes have interacted in perpetuating socio-environmental inequalities in these territories has been rarely explored. Here, we develop an historical quantitative approach integrating a novel chemostratigraphic record, data on policy making, and socio-economic trends to evaluate the feedback relationship between environmental injustice and Anthropocene in sacrifice zones. We specifically outline a case study for the Puchuncaví valley -one of the most emblematic sacrifice zones from Chile-. We verify an ever-growing burden of heavy metals and metalloids over the past five decades paced by the staggering expansion of local industrial activities, which has ultimately been spurred by national and transnational market forces. Local poverty levels have declined concomitantly, but this path toward social equality is marginal as costs of pollution have grown through time. Indeed, national and international pollution control actions appear insufficient in mitigating the cumulative impact brought by highly toxic elements. Thus, our sub-decadal reconstruction for pollution trends over the past 136 years from a sediment record, emerges as a science-based tool for informing the discussion on Anthropocene governance. Furthermore, it helps to advance in the assessment of environmental inequality in societal models that prioritize economic growth to the detriment of socio-environmental security.
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    Aprendizaje basado en un proyecto de gamificación: vinculando la educación universitaria con la divulgación de la geomorfología de Chile
    (2019) Rodríguez-Oroz, Delia; Gómez-Espina, Roberto; Bravo Pérez, María Jesús; Truyol, María Elena
    With the aim of promoting knowledge of geomorphology through a tool that can be used by society as a whole, in a geomorphology course of geological degree project-based learning (PBL) and gamification were incorporated as an innovative teaching-learning methodology. The implementation of the project was based on the creation of a board which incorporated the gamification at the moment of using the created game which proved to be a viable learning tool which contributes to the acquisition of geomorphological knowledge, improves the analytical abilities, creativity and motivation in students. Due to the technological simplicity and economic accessibility of the game created, it is expected that society has the possibility of approaching geology, becoming in a better knowledge of its natural environment.
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    Efecto de la reforestación sobre las propiedades edáficas del tranque de relaves Cauquenes, mina El Teniente, Región del Libertador Bernardo O ́higgins-Chile
    (2019) Rodríguez-Oroz, Delia; Maturana, J.; Malhue, R.; Llona, M.
    La fitoestabilización consiste en el uso simultáneo de plantas metalófitas excluyentes y de acondicionadores de sustrato para lograr la estabilización física, química y biológica de un suelo degradado. Este trabajo se basa en un estudio comparado de cuatro campañas de fitoestabilización con Acacias, Cupressus, Eucalyptus, Quillaja y Cryptocaria, entre otras, más un blanco, localizados en el tranque de relaves Cauquenes, emplazado a 12 km de Rancagua. Considerando una aplicación inicial de cal apagada, el estudio evaluó la efectividad de la fitoestabilización como técnica de remediación a través del monitoreo de las variables físico-químicas del sustrato mediante análisis comparativos de sus distribuciones espacio-temporales. Las propiedades estudiadas fueron los contenidos en materia orgánica (MO), nitrógeno (N), fósforo (P), potasio (K), pH, conductividad eléctrica (CE), humedad, textura y contenido en metales pesados (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Pb, Cd). Las técnicas de mapeo de escalamiento multidimensional no métrico (NMDS) y el análisis estadístico mostraron que las propiedades edáficas fueron mejoradas con el tiempo. Esta mejora se observó como un incremento en el porcentaje de arcillas, los contenidos de MO y N, K, P y disminución en la acidez con los años de fitoestabilización. La concentración de metales pesados mostró una disminución temporal para Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb y As atribuida a procesos de fitoextracción. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos la fitoestabilización se califica como una técnica efectiva que conduce a la estabilización física y química del relave Cauquenes, lo cual se observa a través de la mejora de las propiedades edáficas, la disminución de los riesgos de dispersión de contaminantes y puede ser aplicada en otros lugares
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    Geomorphological mapping and landforms characterization of a high valley environment in the Chilean Andes
    (2020) Barrera González, Matías; Rodríguez-Oroz, Delia; Alcalá-Reygosa, Jesús; Campos, Néstor
    Despite the wide diversity of landforms, there are only a few geomorphological maps of the Chilean Central Andes. In this study, we present a detailed geomorphological map on a 1:50.000 scale for the Diguillín Valley (Ñuble Region, Chilean Andes), as a result of the interpretation of aerial photographs from the year 2000 provided by Aerophotometric Service of the Chilean Air Force (FACh). To represent the landforms, we used the French model and the morphoclimatic simplifications suggested by the Instituto Geológico Minero de España in 1: 50.000 scale cartography (Joly, 1966; Tricart, 1971). A total of 22 landforms of structural, glacial, gravitational and fluvial origin were identified over an area of 156 km2. The map shows the spatial distribution of the landforms and provides valuable information for the geomorphological evolution and environmental planning of the study area.
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    Metal concentrations and source identification in Chilean public children's playgrounds
    (2018) Rodríguez-Oroz, Delia; Vidal, Rodrigo; Fernandoy, Francisco; Lambert, Fabrice; Quiero, Felipe
    This study is focused on four Biobio region cities, Concepcion, Talcahuano, Los Ángeles, and Tomé; these cities flourished very close to different industrial activities. We determined a pseudo total concentration of seven heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) in playground soils through inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Principal components analysis (PCA) revealed that contamination in soils comes from three principal sources. Firstly, industrial and burning activities; secondly, the use of phytosanitary and chemical products; and thirdly, vehicular traffic emissions. Zn and Cu are the most abundant analyzed elements in all the playground's soils. Concepción reflected the lowest values of pollutants and Talcahuano the highest, reflecting the industrial effects. The average values of the analyzed elements were Cr = 32.90 mg kg-1; Ni = 23.76 mg kg-1; Cu = 31.51 mg kg-1; Zn = 63.69 mg kg-1; As = 19.51 mg kg-1; Cd = 0.50 mg kg-1; and Pb = 17.59 mg kg-1. Anomalously high values of some elements were found Cu = 462.73 mg kg-1, Zn = 364.39 mg kg-1, As = 34.7 mg kg-1 in Talcahuano, Cd = 1.6 mg kg-1 in Tome, and Pb = 55.59 mg kg-1 in Los Ángeles. Nevertheless, according to international guideline values of pollutants (VROM 2000 and ADEC 2010) there is no risk for children in any playground studied but all playgrounds are a potential risk for the environment. It points out the necessity to continue studying and monitoring Chilean urban playground to prevent health problems in the population. Graphical abstract.
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    Nuestros Suelos: exploring new forms of public engagement with polluted soils
    (2022) Ureta, Sebastián; Llona, Miriam; Rodríguez-Oroz, Delia; Valenzuela, Daniel; Trujillo Espinoza, Carolina; Guiñez, Consuelo; Rebolledo, Alejandro; Maiza, María José; Rodríguez Beltrán, Camilo
    Despite being a critical environmental problem, soil pollution is not usually considered as a relevant issue by the general public. This disinterest derives from traditional procedures to assess soil pollution that are quite complex and costly, not considering any form of citizen involvement. Seeking to challenge this situation, the project “Nuestros Suelos” (Our Soil) aimed at designing and testing a low-cost participative soil pollution assessment toolkit. The final prototype included several participative modules, going from an assessment of the history of local soils to measuring heavy metals such as Arsenic and Copper. Tested with low-income communities in northern Chile, the toolkit was able not only to produce multiple kinds of data but also a public that started to understand and care about the issue.

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