Browsing by Author "Roa, Sonia"
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Item Asociación entre practicar deportes y síntomas de incontinencia urinaria en estudiantes deportistas mujeres de la Universidad del Desarrollo de Santiago: Estudio transversal(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Medicina, 2023) Del Río Berrios, Sofía Paz; Febrer Cooper, Sofía Carolina; Rojas Valdés, Florencia Jesús; Valdés Kunze, Consuelo Mariana; Roa, SoniaAntecedentes: Hoy en día, muchas mujeres, ya sean deportistas o no, tienen disfunciones de piso pélvico, siendo la más prevalente, la incontinencia urinaria (IU). Estas disfunciones son prevalentes en mujeres con factores de riesgos, pese a esto las mujeres que realizan algún deporte con impacto también pueden tener síntomas de incontinencia, presentándose tanto en la realización del deporte como en la vida diaria. Esto representa un problema para la calidad de vida y una barrera para la participación de las mujeres en deportes. Sin embargo, no hay suficientes estudios disponibles en la literatura científica publicada que evalúen la prevalencia en la manifestación de incontinencia urinaria y su asociación con diferentes tipos de deportes en Chile. Objetivo: Analizar la prevalencia y la asociación entre practicar los deportes de las selecciones deportivas de la Universidad del Desarrollo de Santiago (voleibol, atletismo, hockey sobre césped, básquetbol, futbolito, natación y tenis) y la manifestación de síntomas de IU durante el año 2023. Método: Estudio cuantitativo primario transversal analítico. El cual será realizado entre marzo y noviembre del año 2023. Se evaluó a 52 mujeres deportistas de entre 18 y 30 años. Se incluyeron mujeres, nulíparas pertenecientes a alguna selección de la Universidad del Desarrollo de Santiago, y se excluyeron a las que practicasen más de un deporte, las que presentaron un IMC sobre 30, tratamiento quirúrgico ginecológico, infecciones del tracto urinario, enfermedades en vías respiratorias y cuestionario incompleto. Se aplicarán los cuestionarios The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) y The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Urinary Incontinence Short Version (ICIQ-UISF). Resultados: El porcentaje de UI encontrada en las deportistas fue de 28,6%. No hubo significancias estadísticas en la asociación entre practicar deportes de alto impacto y la manifestación de incontinencia urinaria en mujeres jóvenes deportistas de la Universidad del Desarrollo. Conclusión: La presencia de IU en mujeres deportistas es similar a la población general, independiente del tipo de deporte realizado.Item Barriers to and facilitators of adherence to pelvic floor muscle exercises and vaginal dilator use among gynecologic cancer patients: a qualitative study(2022) Araya, Paulina; Roa, Sonia; Celedón, Claudia; Cuevas, Mónica; de Sousa, Diego; Sacomori, CinaraObjective: Women with gynecologic cancer may suffer from pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD). Before radiotherapy, prehabilitation with pelvic floor muscle exercises (PFME) and vaginal dilator (VD) might prevent it and foster sexual life. This study aims to explore the experience of gynecologic cancer patients getting external beam radiation treatments regarding barriers to and facilitators of adherence to a prehabilitation program to prevent PFD. Methods: This qualitative research with thematic content analysis included 11 women with gynecologic cancer and different levels of adherence to PFME and VD. Participants were interviewed based on a semi-structured script. The information was analyzed manually, assisted with Nvivo12® software, and triangulated with open coding. Results: High self-motivation, desire to improve their health, symptoms of improvement, availability of time, the desire to resume sexual life, and the support of the partner were facilitators of adherence. The instructional exercise audio, clarity of the information, and closer communication with the physical therapist were also valued. The main barriers were general malaise secondary to oncological treatments, forgetfulness, lack of time, misinformation, lack of coordination with the treatment team, discomfort with the VD, and a feeling of shame. Feedback from the attending physician was a facilitator when present or a barrier when absent. Conclusion: These barriers and facilitators should be considered when designing and implementing preventive programs with PFME and VD. Behavioral counselling should consider the desire to remain sexually active; in such cases, including the partner in the therapeutic process is appraised. Otherwise, the focus should be on benefits for maintenance of pelvic floor function.Item Consecuencias musculoesqueléticas durante el teletrabajo en tiempos de pandemia: Scoping review(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Medicina, 2021) Flores, Antonia; Morales, Ignacio; Muñoz, Camila; Nuñez, Bastián; Roa, SoniaAntecedentes: El teletrabajo ha sido uno de los aspectos más relevantes durante la pandemia COVID-19. La encuesta realizada por “Statista Research Department”, en el año 2020, reveló que un 77% de las empresas industriales de la Región Metropolitana de Chile, habían implementado el teletrabajo desde marzo de 2020 por la pandemia del COVID-19. En el teletrabajo se debe considerar: la postura, el tiempo y la estación de trabajo. De esta manera, se evitan diversas alteraciones a nivel musculoesquelético. Objetivo general: Determinar las disfunciones musculoesqueléticas reportadas y su frecuencia asociadas al teletrabajo en la pandemia COVID-19, según la literatura científica. Metodología de investigación: Revisión exploratoria. La estrategia de búsqueda para “Google Scholar” utilizando términos como: “telework”, “musculoskeletal disorder”, “COVID-19”. Los criterios de inclusión fueron estudios publicados entre los años 2020-2021, reportan trastornos musculoesqueléticos y prevalencia durante el teletrabajo en pandemia COVID-19, y los criterios de exclusión son personas que no realicen teletrabajo, que no presenten disfunciones musculoesqueléticas asociadas al teletrabajo COVID-19 y que antes de la pandemia ya realizaban teletrabajo. La extracción de datos se organizó con variables bibliométricas y variables de interés como trastorno musculoesquelético, signos/síntomas, profesión y prevalencia. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 25 artículos, de los cuales un 96% corresponden a estudios de tipo primario y un 80% son del año 2021. Conclusión: El teletrabajo proporciona un aumento de sintomatología musculoesquelética, disminuir la frecuencia de estas alteraciones genera un aumento en la calidad de vida y productividad laboral.Item Enfoque multidisciplinario como abordaje clínico para el dolor persitente posterior a la mastectomía(PMMP) entre los años 2013 y 2023: Revisión exploratoria(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Medicina, 2023) Ledezma, Luciano; Hortal, María José; Carvajal, Sofía; Becker, Natalia; Roa, SoniaAntecedentes: El cáncer de mama afecta a 55 mujeres por cada 100.000 habitantes, donde la tasa de mortali-dad llegó a 8,5 por cada 100.000 habitantes en el año 2020, pasando a ser la causa principal de muerte en mu-jeres. Existen varias terapias para el tratamiento del cáncer de mama, pero la más frecuente es la mastecto-mía. Es frecuente que las pacientes refieran dolor persistente post mastectomía (por su sigla en inglés PPMP). Objetivo: Levantar evidencia sobre las características y efectividad del enfoque multidisciplinario como abor-daje clínico para el tratamiento del dolor persistente post mastectomía (PPMP). Método: Tipo de estudio secundario “scoping review”. Las fuentes de información serán Pubmed y Scielo y literatura gris. Las variables que serán analizadas serán las técnicas kinésicas, tratamiento multidisciplinario, analgesia preventiva, bloqueos nerviosos, terapia psicológica, radioterapia, considerando países de publicación, idioma español, inglés, portugués y fechas de publicación. Por la naturaleza del estudio este no posee hipótesis. Resultados: La mayoría de los estudios estuvieron en un intervalo de seis años, siendo desde el 2018-2023 (85,71%). Estados unidos y España tuvieron una muestra seleccionada (35,71% y 28,57%, respectivamente). La terapia Kinésica como abordaje para el PPMP (78,6%), se consideraron 5 estudios (35,7%) que utilizaron otro tipo de terapias. El tratamiento multidisciplinario fue reportado en 6 de los estudios incluidos (42,9%). La escala visual análoga y la escala numérica de dolor (42,9%) otras tres escalas obtuvieron un (7,14%) cada uno. Conclusión: Se mapeo sobre el tratamiento multidisciplinario, donde se identificó poca especificación sobre la implementación y efectividad de este tratamiento, entregando resultados cualitativos, pero dejando inconcluso los resultados de manera cuantitativa.Item Intervenciones kinésicas en telerehabilitación para embarazadas utilizadas en la última década: Scoping review. Revisión exploratoria(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Medicina, 2021) Antonucci, Micaela; Cortés, Ricardo; González, Valentina; Varas, Tomás; Roa, SoniaAntecedentes: La telerehabilitación es un servicio que entrega la telemedicina, ofrece una alternativa de brindar rehabilitación fisioterapéutica proporcionando herramientas para facilitar la comunicación entre el tratante y el paciente desde una ubicación remota, siendo de gran utilidad para no perder la personalización de las consultas presenciales. El embarazo es una de las etapas del ciclo vital en que se requieren controles periódicos por parte del personal de salud, debido a que es un proceso donde se experimentan cambios fisiológicos, pudiendo afectar en la vida diaria y su participación. En la actualidad, producto de la pandemia por COVID - 19, muchas embarazadas cambiaron o cancelaron sus consultas médicas sin autorización del personal de salud, por distintos problemas biopsicosociales. Hay una cantidad limitada de estudios y literatura científica que dan a conocer todos los tipos de estrategias y protocolos existentes para la telerehabilitación en embarazadas tales como, las encuestas, guías de seguimiento, programas de telerehabilitación sincrónica y asincrónica, entre otros. Objetivo: Compilar las intervenciones existentes, según la literatura, que se utilizan en telerehabilitación destinado a los problemas de salud presentes en embarazadas. Metodología: Mediante un Scoping Review se revisará literatura científica en la base de datos PubMed. Los criterios de inclusión; artículos desde el 2000, idioma español e inglés, embarazadas. Los criterios de exclusión; fisiopatologías (y editoriales). Resultados esperados: Se espera dar a conocer la evidencia existente que abarque todas las intervenciones, que se utilizan en terapia de telerehabilitación para embarazadas.Item Lumbopelvic pain, urinary incontinence and quality of life in pregnant women in a low income and social risk chilean population.(Elsevier, 2015) Mena, Maria; Roa, Sonia; Besomi, Manuela; Leppe, JaimeBackground: Urinary incontinence (UI) and lumbopelvic pain (LPP) are musculoskeletal problems prevalents during pregnancy. These disorders are associated with quality of life disturbance. In Chile, the measures of those pathologies trough the development of pregnancy have not been studied in low incomes and social risk populations. Purpose: To determine the need of musculoskeletal health care in pregnant women treated in a primary care public center with low incomes and social risk population in Santiago, Chile. The prevalence of lumbopelvic pain and urinary incontinence, and the quality of life is one way of determining that need. Methods: It was made a follow-up of a cohort group of 112 women in a primary health care community center, between years 2012 and 2014. Pregnant women between 18 and 40 years old and coursing health pregnancy with one fetus, were eligible. The recruitment was made in the first pregnancy control, after the informed consent process was developed. They answered a questionnaire which included questions about presence of LPP and UI and quality of life, who was measured with EQ-5D questionnaire. Three measures was made to each subject, one in each trimester. Results: From a total of 112 women with 3 performed measures, a 90,1% begin the pregnancy with LPP. The movement or transfer were the most affected dimensions. During the second and third trimester, the prevalences of LPP were 89% and 91% respectively. In the first trimester of pregnancy, they reported a 27,9% of UI, this percentage was increased until a 51,4% of prevalence in the second trimester, and presented a value of 48,2% in third trimester. Related to quality of life, according to EQ-5D measures, the prevalences in the first, second and third trimester were 60%, 80% y 70% respectively, and there was not statistically significant difference between the first and third trimester. The dimension of quality of life that reported more problem was pain. Conclusion(s): In this population, lumbopelvic pain prevalence is higher than those values reported in literature since the first stage of pregnancy, and it keeps high. The urinary incontinence prevalence also experimented a raise through pregnancy. Despite of these prevalences, quality of life in pregnants of this group is similar to the corresponding population, being higher in the second trimester, which is consisting with the biggest prevalence of UI and with a 88,9% of prevalence of LPP. It confirms the need to develop a program to educate and give treatment to musculoskeletal dysfunctions of pregnant women. Implications: Despite that lumbopelvic pain prevalences are higher than usually reported in pregnancy, specifically at the beginning of this one, it does not seem to lead to a poorer quality of life in these women. Adult Chilean women also have high prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms, according to the National Health Survey 2009–2010, and they do not recognize this as a problem that affects their quality of life. Because of this, education for knowledge about the effectiveness of treatments for musculoskeletal problems, such as physical therapy interventions, should be the subject of future research and interventions.Item Measuring physical activity and sedentary behaviors in pregnancy: a comparison of accelerometry and questionnaires(Elsevier, 2015) Leppe, Jaime; Aguilar, Nicolas; Mena, Maria; Besomi, Manuela; Roa, SoniaBackground: Physical activity (PA) during pregnancy may reduce the risk of maternal and fetal disorders. Few studies have validated questionnaires for use during pregnancy, a time characterized by different patterns of activity than nonpregnancy. Purpose: This study compares PA and Sedentary Behaviors (SB) using two questionnaire methods with objectively recorded physical activity using accelerometry in primary health care, in a population with low income and low educational level. Methods: The design was a longitudinal observational study of SB, PA intensity, type and duration using subjective and objective measurement methods. The women between 18 and 40 years old were recruited at primary care health. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) were used to measure PA and SB. For objectives measurement, the women wore accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X plus) for at least 7 days. The questionnaires (GPAQ-PPAQ) and accelerometry was measured in three times: first trimester between 8 and 10 weeks, second between 25 and 29 weeks and third trimester between 34 and 38 weeks gestation. Results: One hundred twelve women participated. The median (P25–P75) for Age = 26 (22–31) years, level of education = 12 (10–12) years, BMI = 27.4 (24.3–31.7). The 11% reported being married, and 63.9% have not work. PA by accelerometry and GPAQ: •According GPAQ by trimesters was median: 1◦ = 162.8 min/day, 2◦ = 107.1 min/day and 3◦ = 117.9 min/day. •According accelerometry PA level of moderate or vigorous intensity was median = 0 in all trimesters. SB by accelerometry and GPAQ: • According GPAQ by trimesters was median: 1◦= 180 min/day, 2◦= 240 min/day and 3◦= 240 min/day. • According accelerometry by trimesters was median: 1◦= 604 min/day, 2◦= 594 min/day and 3◦= 575 min/day. •The correlation between GPAQ and accelerometry was Spearman’s rho = 0.4, p < 0.01. PA and SB according PPAQ: •According PPAQ, energy expenditure associated with PA in each trimesters was median: 1 ◦ = 217 METs/hour/week, 2◦= 181 METs/hour/week and 3◦= 130 METs/hour/week. •The correlation between energy expenditure PPAQ and accelerometry was Spearman’s rho = 0.3 p= 0.03 • For SB, the correlation between PPAQ and accelerometry was Spearman’s rho = 0.3, p= 0.02. The decrease in PA according GPAQ and PPAQ during pregnancy is statistically significant p < 0.05. Conclusion(s): The objective measurement of PA shows that this group does not adhere to the recommendations PA level according American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists or World Health Organization. Pregnant women overestimated the time spent in physical activities and underestimated the time spent in sedentary behaviours. Objective methods should be used where possible in studies measuring physical activity in pregnancy. Implications: This study indicates a need for more information and motivation for moderate exercise throughout pregnancy in this group. The physical therapist is the professional who can and should do health promotion in this area.Item Nivel de actividad física según GPAQ en mujeres embarazadas y postparto que asisten a un centro de salud familiar(Sociedad Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecología, 2013) Leppe, Jaime; Besomi, Manuela; Olsen, Catalina; Mena, Maria; Roa, SoniaBackground: During pregnancy and postpartum, women decrease physical activity (PA) levels despite the health benefits reported in the literature for women and the fetus. Aims: To determine PA levels and sedentary behaviour in women during pregnancy and postpartum. Methods: Pregnant and postpartum women between 18 and 40 years old attending to primary care center participated. Sedentary behaviour and PA were measured using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Results: Information was collected from 47 pregnant and 12 postpartum women. Age was P50=25 (range: 18-40 years). 61% were overweight. Daily PA time was P50=154 (range: 0-960 min/day) for pregnant women and P50=190 (range: 24-411 min/day) during postpartum. Leisure time PA was P50=0 (range: 0-540 min/day) for pregnant women and P50=3 (range: 0-86 min/day) during postpartum. Sedentary behaviour was P50=180 min/day (range: 0-720 min/day) for all women. According to WHO criteria, only 20.3% of women are physically active, adjusting by BMI and educational level the reported PA in GPAQ. There was no association between the variables age, nutritional status, educational level, family income and reported level of PA. Conclusion: Leisure time PA could be susceptible to PA promotion interventions. The reported level of PA is higher than those from similar studies in other countries. Validation studies are needed to determine possible overestimation of the results due to measurement bias.Item Perception of musculoskeletal health and knowledge about physical activity among pregnant women with low income and low educational level.(Elsevier, 2015) Roa, Sonia; Mena, Maria; Besomi, Manuela; Leppe, JaimeBackground: Urinary incontinence (UI) and lumbopelvic pain (LPP) are prevalent musculoskeletal problems during pregnancy, yet few women consult for treatment. Additionally women report low levels of physical activity (PA) neglecting their musculoskeletal health. In Chile, the vulnerable population has limited information about musculoskeletal health. Purpose: To determine the perception of “normality” of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in pregnancy and knowledge about physical activity in a population of vulnerable women attending a primary health care center. Methods: It was made a follow-up of a cohort group of 112 pregnant women in a primary health care center between years 2012–2014. It was made a follow-up of a cohort group of 112 pregnant women in a primary health care center between years 2012–2014. Pregnant women between 18 and 40 years old and coursing healthy pregnancy with one fetus, were eligible. The recruitment was made in the first pregnancy control, after the informed consent process was developed. They answered a survey which included questions about presence/absence of LPP and UI, perception of “normality” about LPP and UI, and their knowledge about recommended dosis of PA during pregnancy. Three measures were made to each subject, one in each trimester. Health information was extracted from the clinical record. Results: From a total of 112 women with 3 performed measures, on average 81.5% of women considered “normal” the LPP, (72.1% 1st trimester, 81.7% in the 2nd and 90.7% in 3nd). The UI was considered “normal” on average 57.1%. The prevalence of LPP was 92% on average and for UI was 42,5%. The recommended dose for PA more reported was “30 minutes, 3 times per week”, the words more used to identify intensity were “moderate”, “medium” (50%), Other answers were “light”, “soft” and “I don’t know”. On average 70% of the studied population had overweight. Conclusion(s): Almost all pregnant women considered “normal” for the presence of LPP during pregnancy and nearly half feel “normal” to have urine leakage during pregnancy. The perception of “normality” of both conditions was increased by the third trimester. Both conditions correspond to common pathological disorders in pregnancy, however, people confuse the term “common” to “normal”. LPP and UI were prevalent in this group. Women did not clear the recommended amount of physical activity during pregnancy and they were overweight. Implications: This study identifies the need of planning effective education strategies for the population of pregnant women for the prevention and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders as a means of promoting self-care, mainly clarifying the difference between conditions that are “common” but not “normal”. The physical therapist is the professional of health team who should educate to the population about musculoskeletal health issues and promote his clinical role.Item Secuelas de la hospitalización en adultos mayores con Covid-19: Revisión Exploratoria(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Medicina, 2021) D'acuña, Macarena; Alarcón, Benjamín; Collao, Tomás; Smith, Carla; Roa, SoniaLos mayores afectados por el SARS-CoV-2 han sido afectados en mayor medida. viéndose reflejado en dos grandes factores en las hospitalizaciones y en las consecuencias Post-hospitalizacion.Existen cambios morfológicos y funcionales asociados al envejecimiento, lo que genera que el adulto mayor sea más frágil y dependiente, aumentando el grado de discapacidad, lo que puede condicionar su respuesta inmunitaria y la disminución de la reserva funcional. Objetivo general: Conocer las diversas consecuencias que genera una hospitalización en el adulto mayor internado por Covid-19, basadas en reportes de la literatura en relación a las secuelas por Covid-19. Metodología: Estudio con base de diseño en revisión exploratoria. Se seleccionarán estudios provenientes de bases de datos virtuales primarias como PUBMED seleccionando artículos científicos. Se utilizarán artículos publicados entre el 2019 a la fecha (año 2021), basados en humanos y de idioma español e inglés. Los criterios de inclusión corresponden a artículos científicos que consideren a la población objetivo de un rango etario mayor a 60 años, bajo un contexto de pandemia, hospitalizados por Covid-19 y una aproximación sobre las secuelas que genera la hospitalización por Covid-19. Se excluirán los artículos donde la población presente una enfermedad previa a Covid-19, artículos que hablen acerca del tratamiento farmacológico para sintomatología del Covid-19 o que se encuentren cursando algún tratamiento, muerte, VIH, que los artículos no hablen de secuelas respectivamente o que la población objetiva no sea correspondiente y, por último, que el título sea no correspondiente al contexto de pandemia Covid-19. Las variables serán las siguientes; Idioma, tipo de estudio, continente de publicación, edad, días de hospitalización, secuelas, uso de soporte ventilatorio, unidad de hospitalización médica, sexo. Resultados Esperados: Dar a conocer las diversas publicaciones existentes que involucran antecedentes sobre las consecuencias de las hospitalizaciones en adulto mayor por Covid-19 y establecer un reporte sobre las secuelas generadas en el adulto mayor por la presencia de Covid-19 en el organismo.