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Browsing by Author "Fossa, Pablo"

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A methodological approach to couples therapy using a conjoint relational drawing process for the description of and intervention with relational patterns and meaning-attributions
(2019) Molina, María Elisa; Tapia Villanueva, Luis; Fossa, Pablo; Pereira, Ximena; Aspillaga H., Carolina; Puerta, Sofía de la
The consultants’ observation and understanding of relational patterns in couples therapy is a main therapeutic objective and a resource for change. The Conjoint Relational Drawing Process (CRDP) methodology uses a drawing technique to enable the display and efficient observation of relational patterns. It was designed to address the relational process in couples therapy. Two couples participated in making a conjoint drawing that was video-recorded and later observed and analysed by the couple and the therapist and the researchers. The relational pattern descriptions and meaning attributions about the video-recorded drawings were analysed in the therapeutic and research contexts. As a result, new perspectives regarding relational patterns and meaning attributions emerged, revealing modes of interaction that allowed new viewpoints about difficulties and ways forward. This approach for the clinical application of CRDP contributed to the evaluation and intervention in the couples’ therapy, and enabled issues to be defined early in the process
Control del pensamiento, esfuerzo cognitivo y lenguaje fisionómico-organísmico: tres manifestaciones expresivas del lenguaje interior en la experiencia humana
(2018) Fossa, Pablo; Ramos, Fabián; Molina, Yerko; Puerta, Sofía de la; Cornejo, Carlos; Awad Sirhan, Natalia
El presente artículo reporta los resultados de un estudio cuantitativo exploratorio, cuyo objetivo fue identificar formas de lenguaje interior y sus manifestaciones expresivas en la gestualidad. Los participantes, 50 estudiantes universitarios, fueron sometidos individualmente a dos eventos de elicitación de lenguaje interior: una música instrumental y un cuento. Luego de cada estímulo, se les solicitó reflexionar en silencio los contenidos elicitados por cada uno, para posteriormente participar en una entrevista cualitativa videoasistida. Las categorías gestuales fueron codificadas y analizadas a través de un análisis estadístico descriptivo, correlaciones de Pearson y análisis de componentes principales. Los resultados evidencian tres formas de lenguaje interior asociados a diferentes movimientos expresivos no verbales. En primer lugar, aparece un lenguaje interno al servicio del control del pensamiento, asociado a movimientos no verbales de control y búsqueda voluntaria del pensamiento. En segundo lugar, un lenguaje interior de esfuerzo cognitivo, que implica gestos iterativos que manifiestan procesamiento de información. Finalmente, se observa un lenguaje interno fisionómico-organísmico, asociado a expresiones no verbales que manifiestan una interioridad cargada de sentido. Estos hallazgos contribuyen a la comprensión de la formación de símbolos, con la descripción de sus formas internas y externas, entendiendo la experiencia humana como única, total y holista.
Cuatro aproximaciones a la experiencia subjetiva desde la metodología de investigación fenomenológica hermenéutica
(2022) Pacheco Pacheco, Cristóbal; Fossa, Pablo
En el presente artículo se realizó una aproximación a los planteamientos centrales a la metodología fenomenológica hermenéutica, como modo de acercamiento a la vivencia subjetiva particular. Es sobre la base de los planteamientos de filósofos tales como Husserl (2012), Heidegger (2020) y Merleau-Ponty (1945), que han urgido posibilidades de acercamiento a la construcción propia de la realidad a nivel particular, lo cual reviste un interesante campo de estudio. Este estudio realiza una revisión sistemática de cuatro formas de aproximación a la experiencia particular desde una dimensión fenomenológica y hermenéutica. Las metodologías consideradas son las siguientes: el paradigma de las ciencias humanas para el estudio fenomenológico de Max Van Manen (1990); el método descriptivo fenomenológico en psicología de Amedeo Giorgi (1986, 2009); la entrevista microfenomenológica de Claire Petitmengin (2006) y el Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) de Jonathan Smith y Mike Osborn (2003). Como conclusiones del presente estudio, se visualiza la necesidad de lograr una mayor estructuración metodológica que respete, a la vez, la tradición de un acercamiento desprejuiciado al estudio de los fenómenos, propios de la fenomenología y hermenéutica.
Diferencias socioculturales en la terapia de pareja: la perspectiva de terapeutas y parejas consultantes
(2017) Ulloa, Valentina; Puerta, Sofía de la; Fossa, Pablo
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo describir cómo participan, en el proceso terapéutico de parejas, las diferencias socioculturales entre terapeutas y parejas consultantes de niveles socioeconómicos (NSE) distintos. Se empleó una metodología cualitativa con un diseño analítico-relacional. La muestra consistió en nueve terapeutas de NSE alto y medio-alto y cinco parejas de NSE bajo y medio-bajo de Santiago de Chile. Se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas y los datos fueron analizados mediante las tres etapas de la técnica Teoría Funda- mentada. Los resultados apuntan a que, a pesar de que las diferencias socioeco- nómicas y socioculturales no se perciben como perjudiciales para el tratamiento cuando se mantiene un vínculo cercano, éstas sí pueden influir las vivencias y tipo de intervenciones de los terapeutas, la alianza terapéutica y simetría de la relación, la evaluación que las parejas hacen sobre el profesional y la terapia, así como la posibilidad de abandono. Aquello depende, en su mayoría, del manejo y características del terapeuta. Los hallazgos adquieren relevancia para la formación y la práctica de terapeutas de pareja, así como de otras modalidades.
Discursive and Non-discursive Symbolization during couple’s Conflict
(2020) Fossa, Pablo; Molina, María Elisa; Puerta, Sofía de la; Barr, Michelle
The purpose of this article was exploring the role of discursive and non-discursive symbolization - specifically gestures - in the negotiation of differences in couples´ interactions. Five married heterosexual couples were invited to hold a conversation about an unsolved problem in their relationship. A videographic analysis was carried out to explore gestures in dialogical sequences and Microgenetic Semiotic Analysis (ASM) was conducted. The results showed that gestures complemented verbal signs as semiotic devices in the regulation of meaning construction and differences in negotiation, displaying strategies for facing and avoiding conflict, as well as resources for undergoing tension dealing with personal objectives and emotional difficulties; Its role is discussed as preparation of the verbal communicative expression, as devices for selfregulation and access to tension relief. Further, the discussion addresses their function as paths for encounter, mutuality and closeness.
Embodied Remembering and Imagination
(2021) Tapia Aróstica, Leonel; Fossa, Pablo
The objective of this article is to deepen into the embodied cognition theory. Taking imagination and remembering as psychological phenomena, the present work seeks to show how the internal tasks of remembering and planning the future are intrinsically imbricated with the corporal experience. To defend this theoretic argument, an empirical application is presented on which we sought to identify and describe body gestures associated with the experience of remembering and imagining. It is concluded that the experience of both processes constitutes psychological phenomena that exceed the limits of the psyche, evidencing body expressions of the inner experience during diferent acts of remembering and imagining. In this way, in this article, we defend the idea of an embodied remembering and imagination
Emotions in the Theory of Cultural-Historical Subjectivity of González Rey
(2020) Madrigal Pérez, Raymond; Fossa, Pablo; Barros, Matías
In the theoretical thinking of González Rey, the acknowledge of the generating character of emotions and their infinite unfolding associated with symbolic productions, which are not of the order of meaning, has represented an essential step for a theory of cultural-historical subjectivity capable of transcending the limitations associated with the treatment of this subject in the modern period. Emotions must be understood in their generating capacity, not as effects, but as processes that maintain a recursive relationship with other psychic processes, as opposed to understanding the psychic coming from other elements, which are at the base, until today, of all atomistic psychology of empirical orientation. In this work, we review different investigations carried out in the field of emotions by Fernando González-Rey, which will allow us to understand better the role of emotions in the production of subjective senses that always anticipate the actions of the subject, actions that can have very different forms of expression. Therefore, those subjective senses associated with the subject can be corroded, distorted, or even modified in the process of production of new subjective senses that is developing in the course of the subject’s action.
Expressive dimension of human experience and affectivation process: A commentary on Everyday Phenomena and Affectivating Section
(2018) Fossa, Pablo
These chapters provide a theoretical analysis of the processes of construction of meaning. With examples from everyday life, the complexity of the mutual interaction between the human being and culture, a process that generates development in an evolutive perspective is presented.
Family Therapy: Clinical Supervision as a Sociocultural Generative Practice
(2022) Molina, María Elisa; Fossa, Pablo; Hojman, Viviana
The present article understands clinical supervision as a sociocultural practice that concerns the construction of meanings and relationships in the field of family therapy, by means of which learning and transformation emerge. This process takes three modalities: the narrative, the live supervision, and the scene supervision, with different aims. The process entails a significant personal relationship together with knowledge and skill learning. It is developed in motion at a multilevel and reciprocal dialogue from individual to culture spheres. The article elaborates on the dynamics of the supervision activity from the theoretical frame of Cultural and Semiotic Mediation Psychology. It makes a revision of different concepts proposing the process of the therapist’s training as triadic, dialogical, and generative of signs and meanings.
From Inner Speech to Mind-Wandering: Developing a Comprehensive Model of Inner Mental Activity Trajectories
(2019) Fossa, Pablo; González, Nicolás; Cordero Di Montezemolo, Francesca
The objective of this work was to develop a comprehensive model of inner mental activity’s trajectories. For this purpose, a review of updated research was conducted on the wandering mind topic - a phenomenon that has been recently conceptualized and that has become a focus of interest in cognitive sciences - alongside early psychological postulates on the inner speech phenomenon that were brought back to the surface of scientific literature. In summary, this article presents a reformulation of the spontaneous thought model by Andrews-Hanna et al. (2017), broadening its scope to approach inner mental activity in all its forms and transitions. It is concluded that modern cognitive research has overlooked the full complexity of different types and forms of consciousness’ expressions, understanding them as isolated phenomena and sub-dimensioning their trajectories during the flow of experience. This, mainly, due to a scarce incorporation of temporality and morphology to current theoretical models. It is proposed that cognitive acts described in modern research (spontaneous, controlled, involuntary, etc.) are, in synthesis, different symbolic and expressive natures of inner mental activity or thought phenomenon, which current literature has failed to understand as a whole. This article constitutes a contribution to future theoretical and experimental research that seeks out to explore the nature of thought and its development during a cognitive act
Full Silence as an intimate experience with myself: A Cultural Phenomenological Hermeneutic point of view
(2022) Fossa, Pablo; Pacheco, Cristóbal
Silence constitutes a powerful field of meaning and sense construction in human experience. Although silence and speech can be understood like opposite and contradictory, both constitute phenomena where the psychological experience is developed. In silence, dialogue with internal and external voices takes place, through which decision-making and contemplation of oneself takes place. Human development involves a dialectical relationship between silence - speech and, within silence, a dialectical relationship between a noisy, contemplative, self - speaking, empty, restless and resolutive silence. Silence is where the inner language takes place, the dialogical processes between different positions of the self and the transitions of the thought are giving course to the construction of the psychological experience. The chapter seeks to understand silence as an intimate experience with oneself through an integration between the current developments of cultural psychology and theoretical allusions of silence in hermeneutical phenomenology. The border between speech and silence is proposed as an inclusive separation, as interdependent phenomena, and the word as a frontier between two silent zones in irreversible time. Silence is proposed as presence and internalization of the identity, which displays specific forms of language that have an impact on psychological development. Silence constitutes a space of experience in which the inner meaning, develops, transits and is absorbed by other new meanings, or expressed in speech. These psychological movements within silence act as meaning construction processes and psychological regulation in human experience, allowing the emergence intimate encounter of human consciousness with itself.
“I know it, but... I have the word on the tip of my tongue!” TOT as phenomenon to re- thinking Metacognition and Feeling-of-knowing in Psychology (“Lo sé, pero... ¡tengo la palabra en la punta de la lengua!”: PDL como fenómeno para repensar la metacognición y la sensación de saber en Psicología)
(2022) Fossa, Pablo; Gonzalez, Nicolás; García-Huidobro, Camila; Barros, Matías; Sanhueza, María Isabel
The phenomenon of having a word on the tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) is an inherent psychological experience that emerges from an unsuccessful cognitive effort aimed at finding the right word to express a specific thought. From a Vygotskian perspective, this can be understood as a dynamic relationship between psychological processes that evolves over time, especially between thought and language, with these functions at times intersecting and later bifurcating —even aligning in parallel — during microgenetic human development. Following Vygotsky’s postulates, in this article we explore the TOT experience as an episodic gap between thought and language during daily psychological activity. Then, the notion of metacognition in psychology is adjunctly revisited and reviewed. Based on theoretical developments on the notion of feeling-of-knowing, the TOT experience and metacognition are reframed as affective phenomena and the accuracy of the traditional interpretation of metacognition as a cognitive-intellectual monitoring system is put into question. Finally, the article discusses possible contributions the TOT phenomenon and the feeling-of-knowing might offer to educational practices and processes.
Implicaciones de la teoría de la subjetividad en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje escolar
(2020) Madrigal Pérez, Raymond; Fossa, Pablo
En el presente trabajo se discuten las implicaciones que la subjetividad, definida por González Rey como cultural-histórica, tienen para el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje que tiene como escenario la escuela. Históricamente las estrategias de enseñanza en las instituciones escolares han dado poca atención a los aspectos subjetivos del que aprende y a las condiciones de vida dentro de las cuales esos aspectos se han desarrollado. Esto sucede, en nuestro criterio, debido a la hegemonía mecánica que se le ha concedido a los procesos cognitivos dentro de las instituciones educativas, que se manifiestan en la evaluación del aprendizaje de los estudiantes a través de la reproducción de informaciones, y no por la calidad que caracteriza el uso de lo aprendido por ellos. El aprendizaje en esa perspectiva descriptivo-instrumental se separa cada vez más de la consideración del estudiante como sujeto que aprende y, consecuentemente, se interesa menos por su desarrollo. El valor heurístico que le concedemos a la implicación de la subjetividad en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje que tiene lugar en la escuela reside en el reconocimiento de la capacidad generadora de individuos y grupos, gracias a la integración y desdoblamientos de las emociones que experimentan en estrecha relación a las producciones simbólicas que producen en el curso sus vidas.
Is a Wandering Mind an Unhappy Mind? The Affective Qualities of Creativity, Volition, and Resistance
(2022) González, Nicolás; García-Huidobro, Camila; Fossa, Pablo
In recent years, research on mind wandering has increased. Much of this scientific evidence has shown the negative effects of mind wandering, such as everyday accidents, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, concentration, and learning problems in educational processes. Although there is scientific evidence of the positive aspects of mind wandering, this is still scarce in literature. In this chapter, we propose the important role of mind wandering as an affective expression of consciousness, which extends to the processes of creativity, volition, and resistance as inter-functional connections of thought.
La psicoterapia como una construcción conjunta del sentido de realidad. Un acercamiento a los principios constituyentes de una interacción psicoterapéutica
(2019) Pacheco, Cristóbal; Fossa, Pablo
El desarrollo de una intervención psicoterapéutica compromete un encuentro interaccional, caracterizado por la ne- cesaria conjunción de multiversos que convergen en una esfera dialógica, asociada a la resolución de una proble- mática o consecución de objetivos por parte de la figura consultante. Es en esta interacción dialógica, donde surgen las dudas sobre si la psicoterapia responde a un encuentro de miradas o bien, a una co-construcción de un sentido de realidad entre terapeuta y consultante, miradas que representan un posible descarte o complementariedad en su propia constitución. Una postura sobre la interacción en psicoterapia necesita establecer una posición activa respecto del rol del terapeu- ta, nutrida de una visión ontológica que repercuta directamente en un trabajo de interacción discursiva. Asimismo, estaría orientada hacia un propósito metódico que configure los quehaceres de los participantes, como elementos en continuo desarrollo, mas no en una respectiva predefinición. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo desarrollar una propuesta de modelo de integración comunicativa, resultando una oportunidad de convergencia en el encuentro de universos desde una dimensión lingüística de interacción en el desarrollo de un proceso psicoterapéutico.
Latin American Advances in Subjectivity and Development: Through the Vygotsky Route
(Springer, 2021) Fossa, Pablo
This is the first book in English to show how the work of Lev Vygotsky gave rise to a prolific and original school of cultural-historical psychology in Latin America. In recent decades, Latin American researchers have expanded Vygotskyan conceptualizations and applied practical theory to psychological and educational research and practice, but until now this production remained virtually unknown for English speaking audiences since it has been mainly published in Spanish and Portuguese. This timely volume contributes to change this situation by presenting a panoramic picture of the state of the art of cultural-historical psychology in Latin America. The book is divided in two parts. The first part shows how Latin American researchers used Vygotsky’s work to develop new theoretical elaborations and empirical advances to deal with different political, social and cultural problems in the region. The second part presents an overview of the current state of cultural-historical psychology in Latin America. Throughout its 15 chapters, the book shows how Latin American researchers contributed to the studies of different aspects of the cultural-historical theoretical conception of the development of higher psychological functions, such as concept formation, inner speech, zone of proximal development and imagination, and how these theoretical elaborations have been applied to research and practice in fields such as sociocultural psychology, developmental psychology, psychotherapy and education in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, Peru and Puerto Rico. Latin American Advances in Subjectivity and Development - Through the Vygotsky Route will be an invaluable resource to researchers, students and practitioners in the fields of psychology, education and other social sciences interested in discovering or learning more about the original Latin American school of cultural-historical psychology.
Looking at oneself in the mirror of the others. Modelisation and implications of a study on human re- flexivity starting from semiotics and psychoanalysis
(2022) De Luca Picione, Raffaele; Fossa, Pablo; Molina, María Elisa; Lauro-Grotto, Rosapia
The mirror is a very widespread tool in human life. It works as an optical device that recreates the image of an object placed in front of it. The relation of the human being with the mirror is very important: we find a pervasiveness and diffusion of mirrors in everyday life, but also in stories and legends, in folklore and mythology. At a certain step of his development, the child is able to recognise himself in the reflected image of a mirror. We observe a strong cultural intra-subjective and inter-subjective recursivity in the con- struction of the mirroring experience as a model of truth and lie, identity and otherness, knowledge and ignorance. Starting from the debate between two semioticians – Umberto Eco and Juri Lotman – on the semiotic value of the mirror, the authors develop the topic of reflexivity as a psychic process by examining it in the light of various psychoanalytic contributions. Reflexivity and the psychodynamic relationship with one’s own reflected image are developed by centralising the importance of an ongoing and deeply dialogic process between identity and otherness, continuity and transformation.
Microgénesis y la Psicología de la Totalidad (Ganzheitspsychologie): Un retorno al estudio de la diferenciación y el desarrollo
(2018) Fossa, Pablo
Este artículo profundiza la noción de microgénesis y su relevancia para el estudio de los fenómenos humanos. A tra¬vés de una revisión histórica y una delimitación teórica del concepto se presenta el trasfondo fenomenológico que le da origen. Con este objetivo se revisan los inicios del concepto realizando una descripción exhaustiva del despliegue microgenético como dimensión primera de la experiencia humana. Además, se realiza una revisión de los principales estudios microgenéticos de la historia de la psicología que han establecido una tendencia para estudios contemporá¬neos en microgénesis, diferenciándolos de estudios microanalíticos en psicología moderna, no genéticos en su orien¬tación. Finalmente se enfatiza la importancia de reflotar la noción de microgénesis en investigación contemporánea destacando las importantes contribuciones que puede brindar al estudio de los procesos psicológicos
Microgenetic Analysis of Thought Trajectories: A Mixed Design
(2021) Fossa, Pablo; Cortés Rivera, Cristian; Molina, María Elisa; Barros, Matías; Muñoz Marcotti, Camila; Sprovera, Isidora; Tapia Novoa, Javier
This article reports the results of an investigation that used a mixed methodology with microgenetic orientation, to observe the genetic development of small acts of thought and their bodily manifestations. A qualitative design was carried out through a videographic record with 10 participants to explore thought trajectories and their genetic unfolding in gestures. In a second moment, a quantitative sequen- tial analysis was conducted with 50 participants, who were invited to the laboratory to participate in a tachistoscopic presentation. The procedure was videotaped and coded, identifying categories of thought and their respective gestural expressions. An analysis of diferent trajectories was carried out to observe the transitions that thought takes and its gestural movements. The results show trajectories in the forms of thought that are investigated through a qualitative microgenetic analysis, which shows the anticipation of verbal meaning through gestures and the transitions back- wards to then advance into more integrated forms of thought. On the other hand, tra- jectories between voluntary and involuntary forms of thought, as well as transitions in verbal and imaginative forms of thought are detected in a quantitative sequence analysis. Finally, the results are integrated and the utility of mixed designs to study the microgenesis of the consciousness phenomenon is discussed.
Momentos de debilitamiento del vínculo terapéutico: un estudio de micro-proceso
(2017) Fossa, Pablo; Molina, María Elisa
El artículo presenta un estudio sobre momentos de debilitamiento del vínculo paciente – terapeuta, ocurridos en el curso del diálogo terapéutico. Se focalizó en momentos del proceso de construcción de significados entre paciente y terapeuta calificados según el criterio de jueces como de debilitamiento del vínculo terapéutico en un proceso psicoanalítico. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa de análisis semiótico de material verbal. Los resultados mostraron fluctuaciones en el vínculo asociadas a dinámicas de regulación de la tensión y ambivalencia. La tensión emerge de las diferencias entre campos de significados y los posicionamientos en torno a éstos por cada actor, interactuando nociones de alta significación personal con otras propias de la cultura. La tensión y la ambivalencia constituyen dinámicas generativas de sentido y significado, afectando el vínculo cuando no son incorporadas al proceso.

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