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Browsing by Author "Aspillaga H., Carolina"

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A methodological approach to couples therapy using a conjoint relational drawing process for the description of and intervention with relational patterns and meaning-attributions
(2019) Molina, María Elisa; Tapia Villanueva, Luis; Fossa, Pablo; Pereira, Ximena; Aspillaga H., Carolina; Puerta, Sofía de la
The consultants’ observation and understanding of relational patterns in couples therapy is a main therapeutic objective and a resource for change. The Conjoint Relational Drawing Process (CRDP) methodology uses a drawing technique to enable the display and efficient observation of relational patterns. It was designed to address the relational process in couples therapy. Two couples participated in making a conjoint drawing that was video-recorded and later observed and analysed by the couple and the therapist and the researchers. The relational pattern descriptions and meaning attributions about the video-recorded drawings were analysed in the therapeutic and research contexts. As a result, new perspectives regarding relational patterns and meaning attributions emerged, revealing modes of interaction that allowed new viewpoints about difficulties and ways forward. This approach for the clinical application of CRDP contributed to the evaluation and intervention in the couples’ therapy, and enabled issues to be defined early in the process
Análisis retrospectivo de las creencias religiosas en mujeres con trastorno afectivo tratadas ambulatoriamente por riesgo suicida en un servicio de psiquiatría en Santiago de Chile
(2015) Florenzano, Ramón; Aspillaga H., Carolina; Alliende, Lucia; Cataldo, Eny; Aratto, Claudia
Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics are compared among women with affective disorder diagnosis and suicidality, treated in the Psychiatry Service of the Hospital del Salvador (SPHDS) in Santiago de Chile. The database of the SPHDS about women treated as outpatients between 2003 and 2010, was analyzed (n=214), comparing religious affiliation, suicidal risk type, affective disorder diagnoses, comorbidity with personality disorder and OQ 45.2 score. Non-believers treated patients were younger (M=38) than believers (M=39,36) They didn't differ in other sociodemographic or clinical characteristics, neither in presence or absence of suicidal ideation or attempts. The main difference found among women with affective disorder and suicidal risk was the greater severity of the clinical condition among the outpatient non-believers.
Características que debiera tener un tratamiento efectivo desde la perspectiva de adolescentes con obesidad
(2013) Cruzat Mandich, Claudia; Aspillaga H., Carolina; Torres Arrau, Maite; Pérez Villalobos, Cristhian
Propósito del estudio: El presente estudio busca conocer desde la perspectiva de adolescentes con obesidad, las características que debiera tener un tratamiento efectivo para tratar este trastorno. Método: Se utilizó metodología cualitativa, la muestra quedó conformada por un total de nueve adolescentes que participaban o participaron de un tratamiento contra la obesidad, los datos fueron recogidos a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y fueron analizados por medio de los procedimientos de la Grounded Theory, generándose un modelo comprensivo de carácter inductivo, a través del proceso de codificación axial. Resultados: Los resultados indican que para que un tratamiento de obesidad sea efectivo es necesario que exista, por parte del adolescente, motivación intrínseca por generar un modelo cambio, es necesario contar con apoyo parental y el tratamiento a realizarse debe ser de carácter multidisciplinario, flexible y personalizado. Conclusiones: Es importante para que un tratamiento para abordar la obesidad juvenil sea eficaz, el que se consideren las características propias de la adolescencia y que las estrategias vayan dirigidas, más que a disminuir el peso, a generar cambios en el estilo de vida de los jóvenes. Los resultados aportan a comprender desde la perspectiva de los mismos jóvenes qué elementos del tratamiento y el contexto pueden favorecer el éxito en el abordaje de la obesidad
Dinámicas y vivencias de parejas heterosexuales chilenas respecto del proceso de toma de decisiones
(2018) Aspillaga H., Carolina; Szmulewicz, Tita
El objetivo de este estudio es comprender y vivencias de parejas heterosexuales chilenas respecto del proceso de toma de decisiones en distintos ámbitos de su relación de pareja. Se utilizó un método cualitativo, realizando siete entrevistas a parejas, analizando los datos a través de la propuesta analítica de la teoría fundamentada. Los resultados indican que la validación de la postura e individualidad de cada uno de los miembros de la pareja constituye un elemento central en la toma de decisiones, su falta puede transformarse en una potencial fuente de conflicto. El proceso de toma de decisiones ideal se basa en el acuerdo, la conversación y la consideración de la postura de ambos, variando las decisiones en cuanto al grado de importancia. Por lo tanto, deberían tomarse de forma consensuada sólo aquellas que se consideran relevantes, como las relacionadas con la crianza de los hijos y con temas familiares, dividiéndose habitualmente las áreas en las que cada uno decide.
La espiritualidad y religiosidad como factor protector en mujeres depresivas con riesgo suicida: consenso de expertos
(2011) Taha, Nicole; Florenzano, Ramón; Sieverson, Catalina; Aspillaga H., Carolina; Alliende, Lucía
This document presents the expert consensus produced by a working meeting in Santiago de Chile during 2010 about “The Spirituality and Religiosity as a protective factor in depressive women with Suicidal Risk”. The consensus followed the steps suggested by Delphi methodology. Its results are organized in five areas referent to spiritual/religious interventions: a) setting, b) counselor training, c) elements, d) subjects covered, e) stages. The experts consulted concluded that spiritual and religious aspects need to be considerate in each case, and that in believers can improve progress and prevent relapses at suicidal risk. However in some cases religious can increase the amounts of fault, amplifying the severity and complicating the evolution.
Facilitadores de la alianza terapéutica en la anorexia nerviosa: Una mirada desde la diada terapeuta-paciente
(2013) Cruzat M., Claudia; Aspillaga H., Carolina; Behar A., Rosa; Espejo L., Catalina; Gana H., Constanza
Antecedentes: En el contexto terapéutico de pacientes con anorexia nerviosa, es relevante el establecimiento de la alianza terapéutica (AT). Objetivo: Describir los aspectos identificados como facilitadores del logro de una AT positiva desde la perspectiva de pacientes con anorexia nerviosa y sus respectivas terapeutas. Método: Estudio exploratorio, descriptivo-relacional realizado con metodología cualitativa, cuyo análisis de datos se basó en la Grounded Theory, incluyéndose a dos pacientes anorécticas con sus respectivas terapeutas. Resultados: Las pacientes y sus terapeutas valoraron los siguientes parámetros, respectivamente: 1. Ambiente emocional: la incondicionalidad, el interés genuino y la confianza versus el no enjuiciamiento y mayor disponibilidad; 2. Conductas y actitudes deseables (en la terapeuta): flexibilidad, libertad para hablar y la disponibilidad, (en las pacientes): la necesidad de cambiar y tener recursos; 3. Técnicas valoradas: terapia centrada en recursos (o capacidades), co-participación con el tratamiento, conocer testimonios de otras pacientes, hablar libremente con empatía, chequear constantemente el tratamiento y responsabilizar a la paciente de su terapia. Surge un modelo de facilitadores de la AT que incluye subsistema paciente, subsistema terapeuta, atmósfera relacional y espacio terapéutico con sus características particulares. Conclusiones: La generación de una buena AT es un factor destacable en el éxito del proceso terapéutico que implica una relación consciente y una aceptación recíproca, integrada por las influencias de la díada terapeuta/paciente.
Factors Preventing Gridlock in Chilean Couples Relationships Based on the Discourse of Couples Therapists and Highly Adjusted Couples
(2014) Tapia Villanueva, Luis; Molina, María Elisa; Aspillaga H., Carolina; Cruzat Mandich, Claudia; Pereira, Ximena; Poulsen, Gianella; Sotomayor, Patricia; Armijo, Iván
The term gridlock describes the occurrence of rigid patterns in couples' conflict. This study aimed to describe strategies of conflict resolution and gridlock prevention from the perspectives of couples and couple therapists. Participants were couple therapists and highly adjusted couples scored by the dyadic adjustment scale (DAS), distributed according to traditional and non-traditional position in life and duration of relationships. Conflict gridlock scenarios were used to create video stimulus that were presented to participants. A qualitative methodology was used to analyse couples' and therapists' commentaries on the scenarios. Results showed differences in preventing conflict gridlock among sub-groups of couples. Long-term traditional couples focused on loyalty to a common project and value sacrificing to a higher good; long-term non-traditional couples prioritised caring and validating the bond in the relationship. Short-term traditional couples focused on mutual love and the relief of hurt while short-term non-traditional couples supported the value of equity.
Recommendations from parents of obese children in treatment to the health-care team: qualitative study
(2017) García, Andrea; Aspillaga H., Carolina; Cruzat-Mandich, Claudia; Barja, Salesa
Introduction: The family plays an essential role in the adherence and effectiveness in the treatment of childhood obesity. Caregivers’ experience is fundamental for proper guidance. Aim: To describe the recommendations for the health-care team made by parents of children that are being treated for obesity. Patients and Method: Cross-sectional and descriptive study with a qualitative approach and purposeful sampling. In the first semester of 2015, interviews were conducted with nine parents of children from 4 to 10 years old that were being treated for obesity ad who had at least three medical appointments in the previous year. The data analysis was based on the Grounded Theory Approach through open coding. The study was ethically approved and informed parental consent was obtained. Results: The results were grouped in the following main categories: a) Health-care team-caregiver relationship, b) Health-care team-child relationship, c) Encouraging family participation, d) Encouraging therapeutic adherence in the child and e) Frequency of medical appointments. Conclusion: From the perspective of this group of parents of obese children, the health-care team should establish a close therapeutic bond with the children and their parents during the treatment process, in addition to encouraging family participation. The importance of developing therapeutic interventions that consider the perspective of the patient’s system is emphasized.
Relación entre ideación suicida y estilos parentales en un grupo de adolescentes chilenos
(2011) Florenzano, Ramón; Valdés C., Macarena; Cáceres C., Eugenio; Santander R., Sylvia; Aspillaga H., Carolina; Musalem A., Claudia
Background: In Chile, there has been an increase in suicide rates from 1.1 to 2.6 per 100,000 among adolescents aged 10 to 14 years and from 4.4 to 8.9 per 100,000 among those aged 15 to 19 years Aim: To identify protective factors for suicidal ideation according to parenting styles, as described by Barber et al. Material and Methods: The relation between suicidal ideation and parenting styles was assessed in a random sample of 2,346 Chilean school attending adolescents aged 13 to 20 years old (59% women) from three cities: Antofagasta (Northern Chile, II Region), Santiago (Central, Metropolitan Region) and Concepcion (Southern, VIII Region). Participants were tested with the Chilean adaptation of the Cross National Adolescents Program (CNAP) Plus questionnaire developed by Barber et al. The relation between suicidal ideation and parenting styles was assessed using regression analyses. Results: Correlations between suicidal ideation and parenting styles were mostly significant, yet weak. High odds ratios were observed among parents who had a strong psychological control, inconsistent control, lack of expression of affection and covered marital hostility. Conclusions: High adolescent self-esteem, a good relationship with parents, psychological parental autonomy, expression of physical affection, social support and paternal monitoring were protective factors against suicidal ideation. (Rev Med Chile 2011; 139: 1529-1533).
School and Neighborhood Relationships that Affect Well-Being Based on Chilean Children and Adolescent’s Understandings
(2022) Aspillaga H., Carolina; Alfaro, Jaime; Carrillo, Gisela; Inostroza, Camila; Escobar, Katherine; Villarroel, Alejandra
This article studies the perceptions that Chilean children and adolescents hold about the personal and distinctive qualities of their relationships in both the school and neighborhood contexts associated with the experience of well-being using a qualitative methodological framework. It takes as its foundation the relevance of studying well-being from an ecological perspective to help identify and differentiate the processes and dynamics that take place in the multiple contexts of daily life and delves into their effects on the well-being experience of children and adolescents. A sample of 21 children and adolescents between the ages of 10 and 15 was used to obtain the data through semi-structured interviews and then analyzed by thematic, which identified five categories associated with the relationships the participants have at schools and in the neighborhoods that affect their well-being. The categories are organized according to their characteristics and properties along a continuum between well-being and dissatisfaction. One conclusion is that feeling a sense of belonging, closeness, support and safety both among peers and with adults in the school and neighborhood contexts is pertinent to the well-being of the children and adolescents. Another key finding is the importance of motivating and entertaining teaching–learning relationships in school settings, as well as feeling pleased and satisfied with the physical and material conditions of their neighborhoods and schools.
Significados y Vivencias Subjetivas Asociados a la Presencia de un Trastorno de la Conducta Alimentaria, desde la Perspectiva de Mujeres que lo Padecen
(2010) Cruzat, Claudia; Aspillaga H., Carolina; Torres, Maite; Rodríguez, Marcela; Díaz, Macarena; Haemmerli, Constance
El objetivo del estudio fue describir y relacionar las perspectivas, vivencias y teorías subjetivas de jóvenes chilenas con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, respecto de su enfermedad. Se indagaron aspectos emocionales relacionados con las dinámicas internas, funcionamiento familiar, atribuciones causales y tratamiento. Se utilizó metodología cualitativa, con un diseño exploratorio y descriptivo. Se realizaron 8 entrevistas en profundidad y el análisis de los datos se basó en una codificación abierta, según los criterios de la Grounded Theory. Los resultados revelan que la enfermedad es vivida como un regulador de ansiedades y conflictos, que generaría tanto experiencias negativas como positivas, siendo estas últimas uno de los principales mantenedores del trastorno. Destacan los sentimientos de a de ambivalencia y cronicidad con que viven las pacientes su enfermedad.
Vivencias subjetivas de adolescentes con obesidad respecto a su tratamiento
(2012) Aspillaga H., Carolina; Cruzat, Claudia; Torres, Maite; Haemmerli, Constance; Pérez, Cristhian; García, Andrea; Díaz, Macarena; Vidal, Consuelo; Llona, Vicente; Gana, Constanza
The objective of this study was to understand the subjective experiences of Chilean adolescents with obesity, regarding their treatment to lose weight. A qualitative methodology and descriptive design was performed. The sample was formed by nine participants between 13 and 18 years old. The data was collected through focused interviews and was analyzed according to the principles of Grounded Theory. Results indicate that for participants is important to have a multidisciplinary treatment with environment support to fulfill its realization. Intrinsic motivation to create change is as relevant and feeling that it is possible to carry out the treatment and see the positive effects of it, takes great relevance. As for the conflicts that occur in their implementation, important points are the lack of consistency, difficulty of changing habits and the external environment, when it does not help to maintain treatment.
Well-Being from the Understanding of Children and Adolescents: a Qualitative Metasynthesis
(2021) Carrillo, Gisela; Alfaro Inzunza, Jaime; Aspillaga H., Carolina; Inostroza, Camila; Ramírez-Casas del valle, Lorena; Villarroel, Alejandra
Within the framework of the increasing academic valuation of the use of qualitative methodologies for the study of the well-being of children and adolescents, a systematic review of the available empirical production was developed through the “Qualitative Metasynthesis” methodology. The purpose of the study was to analyze and describe, jointly and integratively, the main common and shared aspects of the available knowledge on the dimensions that, according to the children and adolescent’s understandings, are significant for their well-being. During the second semester of the year 2018, the SCOPUS and Web of Science databases were reviewed, identifying a total of 76 articles of which 13 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed following the methodology of constant comparison, interpretation of results and conceptual reinterpretation proposed by Sandelowski and Barroso (2007). The results brought about the delimitation and description of five categories: “Positive notion of oneself”; “Good treatment and support relations”; “Recognition”; “Significant activities”; and “Contextual aspects”. The obtained results contribute to the systematization of the knowledge about well-being provided from qualitative methodologies, thus contributing to the development of indicators for the study of well-being with information on domains and significant areas for children and adolescents.

Browsing by Author "Aspillaga H., Carolina"

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