Browsing by Author "Armijo-Rivera, Soledad"
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Publication Application of the Team Emergency Assessment Measure Scale in undergraduate medical students and interprofessional clinical teams: validity evidence of a Spanish version applied in Chile(2023) Armijo-Rivera, Soledad; Ferrada-Rivera, Sandra; Aliaga-Toledo, Marcela; Pérez, Leonardo A.Background: Teamwork is one of the competencies necessary for physicians to work effectively in health systems and is a competency that can be developed with simulation in professionals and medicine students. The Team Emergency Assessment Measurement (TEAM) was created to evaluate the non-technical performance of team members during resuscitation events in real teams. The TEAM scale includes items to assess leadership, teamwork, situational awareness, and task management. An objective evaluation tool in Spanish is valuable for training health professionals at all undergraduate and continuing education levels. This study aimed to generate evidence of the validity of the Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM) in Spanish to measure the performance of medical students and adult, pediatric, and obstetric emergency clinical teams in simulated emergencies as a self-assessment tool. Methods: To develop the Spanish version of the instrument, a forward and backward translation process was followed by independent translators, native and fluent in English and Spanish, and a review by a panel of Chilean experts comprising three trained simulation instructors to verify semantics and cultural equivalence. High-fidelity simulations with debriefing were conducted with 5th-year medical students, in which students and instructors applied the Spanish version of the TEAM scale. In the second stage, adult, pediatric, and obstetric emergency management simulations were conducted using the TEAM scale for real clinical teams as a self-assessment tool. Findings: By applying the overall TEAM scale to medicine students and clinical teams, Cronbach's alpha was 0.921. For medical students' self-assessment, we obtained Cronbach's alpha of 0.869. No significant differences were found between the overall scores and the scores by dimensions evaluated by instructors and students (p > 0.05). In the case of clinical team training, Cronbach's alpha was 0.755 for adult emergency teams, 0.797 for pediatric emergency teams, and 0.853 for obstetric emergency teams. Conclusion: The validated instrument is adequate for evaluating teamwork in medical student simulations by instructors and peers and for self-assessment in adult, pediatric, and obstetric emergency clinical teams.Publication Educational research on medical residency programs in Chile: a scoping review and analysis of the impact of the new accreditation policy(2024) Marín Donato, Katherine; Armijo-Rivera, Soledad; Cantariño Pérez, René; Vicencio-Clarke, Scarlett; Ramírez-Delgado, Paulina; Triviño Bonifay, Ximena; Díaz-Guío, Diego Andrés; Acuña Mujica, CarolinaBackground Accrediting medical specialties programs are expected to influence and standardize training program quality, align curriculum with population needs, and improve learning environments. Despite global agreement on its necessity, methods vary widely. In the Chilean context, a recent new accreditation criteria includes research productivity in relation to educational research on resident programs, so we aimed to define it. What is the profile of publications in educational research produced by Chilean medical specialty residency programs in the last five years? Based on these results, we intend to analyze the potential impact of the new accreditation policy on medical specialty programs in Chile. Methods We performed a preliminary bibliometric search to identify the use of the term “resident” in literature. After that, we conducted a literature search, using a six-step approach to scoping reviews, including the appraisal of the methodological quality of the articles. Results Between 2019 and 2023, an average of 6.2 articles were published yearly (19%). The bibliometric analysis revealed that the dominant thematic area of the journals was clinical, accounting for 78.1%. Most articles focused on residents (84.38%), with only two articles including graduates as participants. One university was responsible for 62.50% of the articles and participated in all multicenter studies (9.38%). Surgical specialties produced 15 research articles focused on procedural training using simulation. Psychiatry was the second most productive specialty, with 5 articles (15.63%) covering standardized patients, well-being, and mental health assessment. The most frequent research focus within residency programs over the five-year period was teaching and learning methodologies, with 19 articles representing almost 60% of the total analyzed. Conclusions Research on medical education in Chile’s postgraduate residency programs is limited, with most studies concentrated in a few universities. The new accreditation criteria emphasize educational research, posing challenges for many institutions to meet higher standards. Understanding unexplored areas in educational research and learning from successful programs can enhance research productivity and align efforts with accreditation expectations. Continuous evaluation and new research on residents’ satisfaction, skills acquisition, and well-being are needed to ensure training quality and accountability.Publication Modelo de escenarios de simulación para el entrenamiento de razonamiento clínico en estudiantes de medicina(2023) Armijo-Rivera, Soledad; Labarca, Cristian; Pérez Villalobos, Cristian; Behrens Pérez, Claudia; Tamburrino Díaz, Catalina; Castro Pérez, Javiera; Díaz Guío, AndrésIntroducción: El razonamiento clínico es una tarea compleja que los médicos utilizan al momento de enfrentarse a los pacientes. Se puede llevar a cabo a través del sistema intuitivo y el analítico. La simulación clínica es una herramienta para entrenar el razonamiento clínico, sin embargo, su evaluación sigue siendo un desafío. En el presente estudio, se evaluó el formato de diseño de escenarios para razonamiento clínico, asociado al uso de una pauta de observación aplicada en estudiantes de medicina en dos escenarios de simulación secuenciales. Material y Métodos: Se diseñaron dos escenarios de simulación con 4 niveles de complejidad para el manejo de sepsis en paciente adulto, donde participaron 12 grupos de 8 estudiantes. Estas simulaciones fueron grabadas y posteriormente analizadas por observadores calificados a través de una pauta de observación de escenario basada en las propuestas conceptuales de Croskerry, Braun y Pennaforte. Resultados: Los escenarios se llevaron a cabo en un promedio de 12 minutos. La mayoría logró establecer el diagnóstico e instauración de manejo inicial a través de la recogida parcial de información, dando cuenta del dominio del razonamiento intuitivo en el 98 % de los casos, sin embargo, solo el 10,4 % utilizó el sistema analítico. Conclusión: El diseño de escenarios de simulación compuestos de distintos niveles de complejidad podría promover el desarrollo del razonamiento clínico. La utilización de una pauta de observación del escenario permitió el análisis del proceso del razonamiento clínico en un entorno realista y sin interrupciones, y podría ser utilizada para guiar el debriefing.Publication Percepción de la simulación en obstetricia y ginecología en el pregrado y posgrado de una universidad privada chilena(2023) Díaz-Reiher, Elisa; Mora-Mourguiart, María del M.; Fuentes-Lombardo, Valentina; Sepúlveda-Camhi, Victoria; Latorre-Riquelme, Rodrigo; Armijo-Rivera, SoledadIntroducción: La simulación es una herramienta que promueve la confianza y desarrollo de habilidades en los participantes. En la evaluación de programas formativos la percepción de utilidad se vincula a la confianza y aprendizaje, y corresponde al primer nivel de evaluación según Kirkpatrick. Objetivo: Evaluar la percepción de internos y residentes de obstetricia y ginecología en escenarios de simulación. Material y métodos: Investigación descriptiva cuantitativa, en una muestra a conveniencia de internos y residentes, quienes contestaron una escala de valoración global y de preferencias sobre sus simulaciones. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 63 respuestas de internos (63%) y 7 de residentes (78%). La valoración promedio de las simulaciones fue de 6,42 en los internos y de 6,64 de los residentes. El 67% de los internos y el 86% de los residentes no eliminaría ninguna simulación. Los internos repetirían todas las simulaciones, en tanto que los residentes repetirían tres simulaciones de un total de 11. Conclusiones: La valoración de las simulaciones fue alta en ambos grupos, difiriendo en las actividades que prefieren repetir, lo cual puede relacionarse con las competencias inherentes al rol de especialista en comparación al rol del médico general o a las diferencias en autoconfianza de internos y residentes.Publication Simulación remota: Un estudio cualitativo sobre razonamiento clínico y errores cognitivos desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes(2023) Mir Bezanilla, Verónica; González-Bernstein, Antonia; Luer, Maria Ignacia; López-Leiva, Rosario; Díaz Schmidt, Joaquín Andrés; Armijo-Rivera, Soledad; Pérez-Villalobos, CristhianIntroduction: Clinical reasoning is a crucial competency for medical practice and also a complex theory that is susceptible to cognitive errors. It is usually taught with clinical cases, in clinical settings, without technologies and in a practical manner rather than from a conceptual perspective. Given the need to improve its teaching in the undergraduate medical curriculum during the pandemic, we hypothesized that medical students participating in an online simulation and reflective practice course could benefit from a practical and theoretical approach to the clinical reasoning process. Material and Methods: A four-week online course, based on synchronous and asynchronous online simulation and reflective practice, was developed to promote metacognition among participants. The course was delivered to 8 sixth-year medical students as an elective module. A questionnaire consisting of four open-ended questions was designed to explore knowledge about clinical reasoning and cognitive errors, and was administered at the beginning and end of the course. A qualitative analysis of the responses was carried out using Berelson's content analysis method. Results: At the end of the course, students changed their understanding of the concept of clinical reasoning, considering it more as a process and identifying the dual nature described in one of the theories of clinical decision making. They also changed their knowledge of cognitive errors, attributing them not only to lack of knowledge, and understanding that they can actively use some strategies to reduce cognitive biases. Discussion: This study confirms that undergraduate students positively change their concept of clinical reasoning and their knowledge about this cognitive process and the cognitive errors that occur in it after a course that includes online simulation and reflection