Artículos Psicología

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Trajectories of Parental Daily Stress: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study during the COVID-19 Lockdown
(2023) Aldoney, Daniela; Coo, Soledad; Pérez, J. Carola; Muñoz-Najar, Andrés; González, Constanza; Montemurro, Manuel; Tapia, Leonel; Gana, Sofía; Silva, Luz María; Panesso, Carolina; Silva, Jaime
The COVID-19 pandemic was a source of significant stress due to health and safety concerns and measures to control the virus’ spread, such as mobility restrictions. This measure was especially demanding for parents with school aged children, who had to find new work–family balance as their children participate in online education while attempting to work remotely. To evaluate parents’ stress trajectories during the pandemic, we conducted Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMAs) during lockdown for 29 days in 68 families in Santiago, Chile. In addition, we evaluated the role of educational level and income, co-parenting, and number of children in parents’ stress trajectories. Our results showed that during the first weeks of lockdown expected protective factors (i.e., income and co-parental support) were not able to influence parents’ daily stress management. Moreover, parents with higher educational levels reported worse stress adaptation than less educated parents. On the other hand, co-parental conflict was significantly associated with parent’s stress. Our study captured an acute response to COVID-19 related challenges. This study contributes to understanding how parents adjust to stress during adverse circumstances such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Wellbeing, social media addiction and coping strategies among Chilean adolescents during the pandemic
(2023) Varela, Jorge; Pérez, J. Carola; Rodríguez-Rivas, Matías E.; Chuecas, María Josefina; Romo, Javiera
Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents had to deal with a range of mental health problems that has increased social media addiction levels with adverse effects on life satisfaction. Previous studies have explored coping mechanisms to deal with this addiction problem, but did not consider the need to simultaneously cope with different dimensions. Therefore, our study aimed to examine the moderating effect of various coping mechanisms on the relationship between social media addiction and adolescent life satisfaction. Methods: Self-report questionnaires were applied to 1290 secondary school students (age mean = 16.03, SD = 1.27, range: 14 to 19; and 57% female). An exploratory and a confirmatory factor analysis were performed to determine the factor structure of the Brief-Cope 28 scale. Then, a descriptive and correlational analysis of the variables and a multiple linear regression analysis was performed. Results: We found that the social media addiction risk was negatively associated with life satisfaction, adaptive strategies were positively correlated to life satisfaction, and maladaptive strategies were negatively correlated to it. Also, a moderation model was evaluated in which four stress management strategies, namely acceptance and perspective-taking, seeking socio-emotional support, active coping, and maladaptive strategies all conditioned the relationship between social media addiction risk and life satisfaction after controlling for demographic variables and the specific strategies of using comedy, religion and substance use. Results indicate additive and multiplicative effects of management strategies for stressful situations in the studied relationship. Seeking socio-emotional support and active coping were positively related to life satisfaction and maladaptive strategies were negatively associated with it. Multiplicative effects indicate that the relationship between the social media addiction risk and life satisfaction depends only on the acceptance and perspective taking that adolescents report. When adolescents reported having low or average levels of acceptance and perspective taking, there was a negative correlation with general life satisfaction, a connection that grew markedly stronger. In contrast, no connection between social media addiction and life satisfaction was detected for adolescents who report higher levels of acceptance and perspective-taking. Discussion: Abuse of social media and the use of maladaptive stress coping strategies were risk factors that decreased life satisfaction among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic period.
Why Theory of Mind Is Not Enough to Understand Others?
(2023) Sanhueza, María Isabel; Fossa, Pablo
Theory of Mind (ToM), understood as the ability to intuit one’s own mental states and those of others, has been extensively researched in developmental psychology and cognitive psychology. The psychological literature shows a direct relationship between ToM and the (self) reflective capacity of consciousness, a product of the cognitive effort that implies the understanding of one’s own subjectivity and that of others. In this sense, ToM has received a strong cognitive influence, subdimensioning other dimensions involved in the intersubjective process of mutual understanding. Based on the theory of pre-reflective consciousness and the theory of intuition in phenomenology, we propose in this paper that the process of understanding one’s own mental states and the mental states of others constitutes, mainly, a pre-reflective and intuitive experience, and that it is only possible to move on to reflection at a later time. In short, with contributions from the theory of pre-reflective consciousness and phenomenological intuition, the aim is to complement the theoretical bases of ToM in psychology; a theory that, without incorporating elements of phenomenology, remains incomplete.
The Inexhaustible Experience of the Inner Voice: An Answer to Marioka (2023), Fadeev (2023) and Machková (2023)
(2023) Fossa, Pablo
This article reflects on the analyzes and comments of Marioka (2023), Fadeev (2023) and Machková (2023) on the book New Perspectives on Inner Speech (Fossa, 2022a). First, I focus on responding and expanding the ideas presented by the authors, to later integrate the elements highlighted by them. By integrating the reflections and comments of the authors, it is evident that in inner speech there is an intersection between two continua. On the one hand, the control-lack of control continuum and, on the other hand, the diffuse-clear continuum. The level of clarity and control varies permanently during each act of internal speech, accounting for a phenomenon that advances from infinite interiority to infinite exteriority, and vice versa. This complex interaction of two continua – based on the level of control and the level of sharpness – defies empirical applications and demands methodological innovation in research centers interested in the Inexhaustible Experience of the Inner Voice
Relationships Between Pedagogical Practices and Affective States for Effective Teaching During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights From University Professors
(2024) Bruna, Carola; Villarroel, Verónica; Sánchez-Oñate, Alejandro Antonio; Cortés, Joaquín; Castro-Carrasco, Pablo; Conejeros-Solar, María Leonor
Objectives: This study aimed to analyze how pedagogical practices and affective states during emergency remote teaching influence professors’ perspectives on their capabilities and the professor-student relationship. Method: We used a nonexperimental quantitative design, collecting data through an online survey during the first year of the pandemic. Participants were recruited using a non-probability sampling method. A total of 636 university professors from Chilean universities participated. We performed descriptive and correlation analyses between variables. Also, to gain a deeper understanding of the factors influencing perceptions of the Results: A higher perception of pedagogical competence was related to male professors reporting a high evaluation of teaching quality and a high diversification of assessment strategies. A better professor–student relationship was related to female professors reporting a high level of tutoring activities and activities in which students work collaboratively. Additionally, unpleasant affective states were experienced at a higher rate by younger and female professors. Conclusions: Variables that make up the perception of professor competence and the professor–student relationship were identified, relating to gender and pedagogical practices, such as diversification of assessment strategies, tutoring, and collaborative activities. Implications: The results can guide future institutional actions to improve conditions and establish guidelines for quality virtual education in the post-pandemic scenario.
Victimización entre estudiantes de Liceos Públicos del Sur de Chile
(2023) Sánchez-Oñate, Alejandro Antonio; Zúñiga Tapia, Jazmín Cecilia
Se presentan los resultados de un estudio empírico orientado a analizar el grado y las modalidades de victimización entre estudiantes durante el primer semestre después del levantamiento de las restricciones debido a la pandemia por Covid-19 en liceos públicos de la Región del Biobío, Chile. Se implementó un enfoque mixto concurrente con un grupo de 723 estudiantes que completaron un cuestionario sociodemográfico y respondieron a la Escala de Victimización entre Pares. Además, se organizaron 4 grupos focales con un total de 32 estudiantes de cuatro liceos rurales. Los resultados revelaron que hubo tasas más altas de victimización verbal y física, y se identificaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en función de la ubicación geográfica (urbana o rural) y el sexo de los participantes en victimización sexual. Este estudio representa uno de los primeros intentos de proporcionar evidencias acerca de la problemática de la victimización entre pares en el nivel de educación secundaria, especialmente en instituciones públicas, en el periodo posterior al confinamiento. Se proporcionan resultados valiosos para enfocar adecuadamente los programas y protocolos de acción relacionados con la convivencia escolar, prestando especial atención a las formas de violencia más frecuentes y a los factores individuales, familiares, curriculares y contextuales que pueden influir en estos entornos
Combinación de antidepresivos vs. aumentación con antipsicóticos atípicos tras no lograr la remisión en la depresión unipolar
(2022) Philippi, Rodolfo; Correa, Rodrigo
Introduction: achieving functional recovery as quickly as possible in the treatment of unipolar depression is a challenge that clinical practice must try to meet nowadays, since any delay in accomplishing remission of the symptoms is predictive of a larger number of recurrences and higher morbidity and mortality rates. In this topical review we aim to guide clinicians in their choice to augment with atypical antipsychotics or to combine the baseline drug with a second antidepressant, after the dose of the antidepressant initially selected has been optimized and/or the antidepressant has been changed, not achieving remission, or resulting only in a partial response after sufficient time at an appropriate dose. These decisions arise frequently in everyday clinical practice. Methodology: a systematic search in PubMed was performed under several key combinations of words, resulting in 230 reports. After applying inclusion criteria and based in title and abstract, the final number of reports selected for full revision were 113. Two main questions were answered based on these studies: 1) Is there evidence to clearly recommend combination of antidepressants vs. augmentation with antipsychotics (and the correct moment to do it) in non-responsive unipolar depression, once optimization or switching strategies have failed to obtain remission? and 2) Is it possible to identify some clinical features to guide the decision of combination of antidepressants vs. augmentation with antipsychotic agents? Results: According to our analysis, there is no data available to select one strategy from another in a clear-cut manner. Nevertheless, we suggest favoring a combination or augmentation strategy, based in a “treating to target” approach to profile the patient, considering one or two predominant clinical features that remain active as part of a major depression with partial response. Proper analysis of the symptomatic domains present, a critical view of current clinical guidelines and preferred options, considering hidden bipolarity as one of the main differential diagnoses and adopting an energetic but lucid attitude at this stage of treatment are, in our view, fundamental for achieving ad integrum patient recovery.
Validez, fiabilidad e invarianza factorial de las escalas de autoeficacia general y autoeficacia académica en estudiantes universitarios
(2022) García-Álvarez, Diego; Cobo-Rendón, Rubia; Hernández-Lalinde, Juan
El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de las escalas de autoeficacia general y autoeficacia académica en estudiantes universitarios, así como corroborar la invarianza factorial con respecto al sexo. Participaron un total de 472 estudiantes, todos pertenecientes a una universidad ubicada en Maracaibo, Venezuela. En ambas escalas se probó el ajuste de varios modelos presentados en la literatura, hallando evidencias de validez factorial. Por un lado, la medida de autoeficacia general exhibió índices adecuados en una versión reducida de nueve ítems, mientras que la de autoeficacia académica reportó una adecuación satisfactoria cuando se planteó una estructura abreviada de siete reactivos. La fiabilidad, para ambos cuestionarios, se localizó en el rango comprendido entre valores buenos y excelentes. Por otra parte, el análisis de invarianza mostró que las escalas conservan sus propiedades según sexo, hecho que permite utilizarlas para estimar los factores latentes y realizar contrastes entre personas de ambos sexos. Se concluye que estas escalas son herramientas psicométricas confiables y válidas que pueden ser utilizadas en contextos universitarios para medir constructos como estos, relevantes para el éxito estudiantil.
Affective modulation of cognitive control: A systematic review of EEG studies
(2022) Ahumada-Méndez, Francisco; Lucero, Boris; Avenanti, Alessio; Saracini, Chiara; Muñoz-Quezada, María Teresa; Cortés-Rivera, Cristian; Canales-Johnson, Andrés
In recent years, a growing corpus of research has been conducted utilizing a variety of behavioral and neurophysiological methodologies to investigate the relationship of emotion and cognition, yielding unique insights into fundamental concerns about the human mind and mental disease. Electroencephalography (EEG) has been utilized to investigate how emotional states alter neural markers of cognitive control. The current study is a systematic analysis of EEG research that looks at affective modulation (mood, emotion) of cognitive control and its many sub-processes (e.g., cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, and working memory). The PRISMA standards were followed in this review, which looked at experimental designs and tasks, as well as methodological elements of EEG recording and analysis across research. A total of 35 articles were chosen for qualitative synthesis as a consequence of the search. The examination of event-related potentials (ERPs), which showed affective modulation of 19 different components, was the most common electrophysiological approach used across research. The majority of the investigations focused on N2 and P3, indicating that affective induction has a strong influence on attentional processes and response inhibition. Future research should look into different methodologies such as source location and connection metrics to better understand the brain’s areas and dynamic response during affective induction activities. It is also suggested that the technical components of the report be more explicit in order to promote study comparability and replication
Improving anchoring vignette methodology in health surveys with image vignettes
(2022) Hu, Mengyao; Lee, Sunghee; Xu, Hongwei; Melipillan, Edmundo Roberto; Smith, Jacqui; Kapteyn, Arie
The anchoring vignette method is designed to improve comparisons across population groups and adjust for differential item functioning (DIF). Vignette questions are brief descriptions of hypothetical persons for respondents to rate. Although this method has been adopted widely in health surveys, there remain challenges. In particular, vignettes are complex, increasing survey time and respondent burden. Further, the assumptions underlying this method are often violated. To overcome such challenges, this paper introduces an innovative technique, namely image anchoring vignettes, conveying vignette information with varying health levels in images. We conducted a cross-cultural experimental study to examine the performance of image and standard text vignettes in terms of response time, how well they satisfy the assumptions, and their DIF-adjusting quality using a confirmatory factor analysis. The study revealed that respondents can better differentiate the intensity levels of the three vignettes in the image vignette condition, compared to text vignettes. Response consistency assumption appears to be better satisfied for image vignettes than text vignettes. Using well-designed image vignettes greatly reduces survey time without losing the DIF-adjustment quality, indicating the potential of image vignettes to improve overall efficiencies of the anchoring vignette method. Improving vignette equivalence (i.e., minimizing different interpretations of vignettes by different groups), remains a challenge for both text and image vignettes. This study generates new insights into the design and use of image anchoring vignettes.
Societal emotional environments and crosscultural differences in life satisfaction: A forty-nine country study
(2022) Krys, Kuba; Chun Yeung, June; Capaldi,Colin A.; Miu-Chi Lun, Vivian; Torres, Claudio; Tilburg, Wijnand A. P. van; Harris Bond, Michael; Zelenski, John M.; Haas, Brian W.; Park, Joonha; Maricchiolo, Fridanna; Vauclair, Christin-Melanie; Kosiarczyk, Aleksandra; Kocimska-Zych, Agata; Kwiatkowska, Anna; Adamovic, Mladen; Pavlopoulos, Vassilis; Fülöp, Márta; Sirlopu, David; Okvitawanli, Ayu; Boer, Diana; Teyssier, Julien; Malyonova, Arina; Gavreliuc, Alin; Uchida, Yukiko; Serdarevich, Ursula; Akotia, Charity; Appoh, Lily; Arévalo Mira, D.M.; Baltin, Arno; Denoux, Patrick; Dominguez-Espinosa, Alejandra; Esteves, Carla Sofia; Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer; Garðarsdóttir, Ragna B.; Igbokwe, David O.; Igou, Eric R.; Işık, İdil; Kascakova, Natalia; Klůzová Kračmárová, Lucie
In this paper, we introduce the concept of ‘societal emotional environment’: the emotional climate of a society (operationalized as the degree to which positive and negative emotions are expressed in a society). Using data collected from 12,888 participants across 49 countries, we show how societal emotional environments vary across countries and cultural clusters, and we consider the potential importance of these differences for well-being. Multilevel analyses supported a ‘doubleedged sword’ model of negative emotion expression, where expression of negative emotions predicted higher life satisfaction for the expresser but lower life satisfaction for society. In contrast, partial support was found for higher societal life satisfaction in positive societal emotional environments. Our study highlights the potential utility and importance of distinguishing between positive and negative emotion expression, and adopting both individual and societal perspectives in well-being research. Individual pathways to happiness may not necessarily promote the happiness of others.
Predictors of family, school and neighbourhood domain on life satisfaction in chilean adolescents
(2022) Oyarzún Gómez, Denise; Casas, Ferran; Alfaro Inzunza, Jaime
Los adolescentes viven en constante interacción con los ámbitos de su vida familiar, escolar y del barrio, dicha interrelación mantieneun papel activo que influye en su bienestar subjetivo. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la influencia de los ámbitos familia, escuela y barrio sobre la satisfacción con la vida de adolescentes chilenos. La muestra fue de 1392 adolescentes, quienes participaron en la International Survey on Children’s Well-Being (ISCWeB) en Chile. Los resultados prueban que un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales configurado con cinco dimensiones referidas a la familia, la escuela y el barrio contribuyeron, conjuntamente, a explicar 41% de la varianza de la satisfacción con la vida de los estudiantes. Al añadir al modelo, las variables género, edad e índice de vulnerabilidad escolar no se observó ninguna influencia en la satisfacción vital. Un hallazgo inesperado y contradictorio con otros estudios fue que la satisfacción con la escuela no ejerció influencia en este modelo. Las implicancias del estudio refieren a que los resultados pueden funcionar como diagnóstico para proponer intervenciones del bienestar subjetivo basadas en fortalecer el ámbito familiar, escolar o del barrio de los estudiantes.
What is the nature of the alteration of temporality in Trauma-Related Altered States of Consciousness? A neuro-phenomenological analysis
(2022) Correa, R.; Rodríguez, N.; Bortolaso Gacitúa, Matilde
According to the 4-D model of Frewen and Lanius, trauma-related altered states of consciousness (TRASC) involve an alteration of the dimension of time and memory which divides the symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) into those which occur in “Normal Waking Consciousness” (NWC) and those which present dissociative experiences as part of TRASC. The present report addresses the temporal dimension of TRASC from a neurophenomenological approach. Initially, we generate an updated model of the structure of normal temporality. From there, we derive a model of altered temporality in TRASC, which at the same time indicates, from a theoretical point of view, which specific points of the structure of temporality would be altered in PTSD with TRASC. We pose two theoretical questions to guide our analysis: 1) What logical consequences can we derive from a graphic model of temporality in TRASC based on neurophenomenological analysis? and 2) Can altered chronesthesia be proposed as a phenomenon related with the dissociative disorders that affect how time is experienced in TRASC? Material and methods: To answer these questions, we carried out a systematic review of the literature up to May 2019, as well as a review of the classic philosophical texts that offer a view of temporality, with special emphasis on works in the field of phenomenology and neurophenomenology which offer graphic models of temporality. Results: We found 2671 articles associated with the keywords used in the search. Of these, 2603 articles were discarded based on a review of the titles and abstracts, leaving 68 reports that were reviewed in full text. We also reviewed classic philosophical texts dealing with the problem of temporality. From the results obtained we designed a scheme of normal temporality from which we derived a hypothesis as to how this variable would be altered in TRASC. The central point of the analysis explains under which hypothetical mechanisms the patient would lose his or her normal capacity to remember a past event or anticipate a future event, with the perspective that this would occur FROM the present moment. This would be an essential aspect of the alteration of temporality in PTSD with TRASC. Discussion and conclusions: We discuss the possible implications of our model for clinical practice, including non-pharmacological treatments. We then draw a correlation between the logical consequences of our model and the neurofunctional findings described in the literature. Finally, we offer answers to the two questions proposed, and to the central question of this report, stressing how altered chronesthesia could account for the alterations of temporality observed in PTSD with TRASC.
Contribution of Attentional Networks to Basic Arithmetic Achievement in School-age Children
(2022) Castro Cañizares, Danilka; Kettlun Poblete, Rocío; Estévez Pérez, Nancy
Nowadays, there is still debate about the origin of arithmetic disabilities. Two predominant hypotheses have been developed in this regard: 1) difficulties in arithmetic appear due to a deficit in domain-specific skills (numerical skills) and 2) there is a strong relationship between the development of the domain-general processes and arithmetical skills. In this study we explore the specific contribution of orienting and executive control attentional networks to individual variability in basic mental arithmetic. Participants were elementary school children, from second to third grade, with and without difficulties in basic mental arithmetic. Results provide support for the two proposed hypotheses. Children with difficulties in arithmetic showed difficulties both in numerical skills and in attentional networks. These findings suggest that arithmetic difficulties may be associated with a heterogeneous combination of deficits, including difficulties in attentional functioning.
Cuatro aproximaciones a la experiencia subjetiva desde la metodología de investigación fenomenológica hermenéutica
(2022) Pacheco Pacheco, Cristóbal; Fossa, Pablo
En el presente artículo se realizó una aproximación a los planteamientos centrales a la metodología fenomenológica hermenéutica, como modo de acercamiento a la vivencia subjetiva particular. Es sobre la base de los planteamientos de filósofos tales como Husserl (2012), Heidegger (2020) y Merleau-Ponty (1945), que han urgido posibilidades de acercamiento a la construcción propia de la realidad a nivel particular, lo cual reviste un interesante campo de estudio. Este estudio realiza una revisión sistemática de cuatro formas de aproximación a la experiencia particular desde una dimensión fenomenológica y hermenéutica. Las metodologías consideradas son las siguientes: el paradigma de las ciencias humanas para el estudio fenomenológico de Max Van Manen (1990); el método descriptivo fenomenológico en psicología de Amedeo Giorgi (1986, 2009); la entrevista microfenomenológica de Claire Petitmengin (2006) y el Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) de Jonathan Smith y Mike Osborn (2003). Como conclusiones del presente estudio, se visualiza la necesidad de lograr una mayor estructuración metodológica que respete, a la vez, la tradición de un acercamiento desprejuiciado al estudio de los fenómenos, propios de la fenomenología y hermenéutica.
Evaluación exploratoria de la participación de estudiantes universitarios en Clase Invertida en modalidad en línea.
(2022) Quiroz Saavedra, Rodrigo; Ramirez Fuentes, Tiare Alejandra; GURRUCHAGA COSTA, JOSE FRANCISCO; Reyes Reyes, Fernando Teddy; Marchant, Nicolás
La metodología Aula Invertida está siendo cada vez más utilizada en la educación superior para enfrentar los desafíos de la formación remota en contextos de pandemia, así como para mejorar los resultados de aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Sin embargo, la evidencia empírica sobre la relación entre esta metodología y la participación estudiantil es aún limitada e inconsistente. Este estudio indagó los efectos de la implementación de la metodología Aula Invertida en línea, desde la perspectiva de estudiantes universitarios de cuarto año de la carrera de psicología. El diseño de investigación fue comparativo, razón por la cual se aplicó una encuesta antes y después del uso de Aula Invertida en un curso troncal de la formación en psicología social-comunitaria. La encuesta fue elaborada para indagar específicamente sobre el uso de Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación, la gestión del tiempo, la colaboración entre pares y la participación en las actividades. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes redujeron el uso de plataformas basadas en la nube durante el semestre, que valoran el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación en el curso evaluado, y que valoran la colaboración entre pares durante las actividades implementadas. Las conclusiones del estudio resaltan la relevancia de privilegiar el uso de ciertos recursos digitales en la formación de los estudiantes, al mismo tiempo que la necesidad de prestar mayor atención en este tipo de investigaciones a la influencia del equipo docente en la participación estudiantil.
Fathering inthe Chilean context :
(2022) Aldoney, Daniela; García Valdés, María Ignacia; Panesso, Carolina
We examined father involvement in two groups of two-parent Chilean families with children aged from 2 to 7 years, one prior to the pandemic (N = 115) and the second during the pandemic (N = 103). We first presented a description of fathering in the Chilean context and then examined potential predictors of fathers’ cognitive and affective involvement. Data showed that during the pandemic fathers reported significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms compared to before the pandemic. However, levels of cognitive and affective involvement did not vary across studies. Parental stress predicted cognitive and affective involvement in pre-pandemic fathers. Number of children and educational level were related only to cognitive involvement. The implications of these findings for intervention and future research are discussed.
Adaptación y validación de dos cuestionarios sobre implementación de la tecnología en la docencia universitaria
(2022) Lobos, Karla; Cobo-Rendon, Rubia; Guzmán, Esteban; Bruna, Carola
El objetivo de este trabajo fue traducir y validar los cuestionarios de conocimiento técnico pedagógico del contenido (TPACK, en inglés) y aceptación de la tecnología (TAM, en inglés) en el uso de sistemas de gestión de aprendizaje en línea en una muestra de docentes universitarios chilenos. Se empleó un diseño instrumental y se realizó la traducción y adaptación al español de los cuestionarios. Participaron 292 docentes (n=137 mujeres) de una universidad chilena. Se efectuaron análisis factoriales exploratorios usando correlación policórica y se verificó la consistencia interna. En el caso del TPACK, se identificaron cuatro factores, distintos a la propuesta original, que explican el 62 % de la varianza. En el caso del TAM se confirmó la estructura original constituida por dos factores. Ambos cuestionarios presentaron adecuados índices de consistencia interna. En conclusión, ambos instrumentos son válidos y confiables para su utilización en la educación superior chilena.
Interactions between mothers and their moderate preterm babies during hospitalization
(2022) Mira, Andrea; Coo, Soledad; Bastías Lemp, Rodolfo; González, Ricardo
Moderately preterm infants are physiologically immature, their brains must mature and adapt to the extrauterine environment, which can affect their neurological development. Interaction with their caregivers is crucial for their development, however, these may show mental health problems such as depressive symptoms and parental stress. Objective: to evaluate how depressive symptomatology and stress perception of mothers of moderately preterm infants during hospitalization may affect dyad interaction. Patients and Method: 85 dyads participated. During the second and third weeks of hospitalization, mothers answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the parental stress scale, and the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Mother-infant interaction was assessed and coded with the Hospitalized other-Infant Bonding Observation Scale. Results: mothers of moderately preterm infants hospitalized in a neonatology unit may present significant depressive symptomatology which correlate with the stress experienced by the mother. Parental stress and being small for gestational age showed a negative association with dyad interactions. Conclusions: Having a moderately preterm baby can impact the mental health of mothers and this, at the same time, is related to the interactions they have with their children. Likewise, variables related to the babies were detected that can also decrease the interactions and contact between the dyad.
A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic
(2022) Legate, Nicole; Nguyen, Thuy-vy; Weinstein, Netta; Moller, Arlen; Legault, Lisa; Vally, Zahir; Tajchman, Zuzanna; Zsido, Andras N.; Zrimsek, Miha; Chen, Zhang; Ziano, Ignazio; Gialitaki, Zoi; Ceary, Chris D.; Jang, Yuna; Lin, Yijun; Kunisato, Yoshihiko; Yamada, Yuki; Xiao, Qinyu; Jiang, Xiaoming; Du, Xinkai; Yao, Elvin; Ryan, William S.; Wilson, John Paul; Cyrus-Lai, Wilson; Jimenez-Leal, William; Law, Wilbert; Unanue, Wenceslao; Collins, W. Matthew; Richard, Karley L.; Vranka, Marek; Ankushev, Vladislav; Schei, Vidar; Lerche, Veronika; Kovic, Vanja; Krizanic, Valerija; Kadreva, Veselina Hristova; Adoric, Vera Cubela; Tran, Ulrich S.; Yeung, Siu Kit; Hassan, Widad; Silva, Jaime; Olaya Torres, Adriana Julieth

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