Safety, tolerability, and risks associated with first- and second-generation antipsychotics: a state-of-the-art clinical review

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dc.contributor.authorSolmi, Marco
dc.contributor.authorMurru, Andrea
dc.contributor.authorPacchiarotti, Isabella
dc.contributor.authorUndurraga, Juan
dc.contributor.authorVeronese, Nicola
dc.contributor.authorFornaro, Michele
dc.contributor.authorStubbs, Brendon
dc.contributor.authorMonaco, Francesco
dc.contributor.authorVieta, Eduard
dc.contributor.authorSeeman, Mary
dc.contributor.authorCorrell, Christoph
dc.contributor.authorCarvalho, André
dc.date.accessioned2017-09-11T15:51:22Z
dc.date.available2017-09-11T15:51:22Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.description.abstractSince the discovery of chlorpromazine (CPZ) in 1952, first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) have revolutionized psychiatric care in terms of facilitating discharge from hospital and enabling large numbers of patients with severe mental illness (SMI) to be treated in the community. Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) ushered in a progressive shift from the paternalistic management of SMI symptoms to a patient-centered approach, which emphasized targets important to patients - psychosocial functioning, quality of life, and recovery. These drugs are no longer limited to specific Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) categories. Evidence indicates that SGAs show an improved safety and tolerability profile compared with FGAs. The incidence of treatment-emergent extrapyramidal side effects is lower, and there is less impairment of cognitive function and treatment-related negative symptoms. However, treatment with SGAs has been associated with a wide range of untoward effects, among which treatment-emergent weight gain and metabolic abnormalities are of notable concern. The present clinical review aims to summarize the safety and tolerability profile of selected FGAs and SGAs and to link treatment-related adverse effects to the pharmacodynamic profile of each drug. Evidence, predominantly derived from systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical trials of the drugs amisulpride, aripiprazole, asenapine, brexpiprazole, cariprazine, clozapine, iloperidone, lurasidone, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone, CPZ, haloperidol, loxapine, and perphenazine, is summarized. In addition, the safety and tolerability profiles of antipsychotics are discussed in the context of the "behavioral toxicity" conceptual framework, which considers the longitudinal course and the clinical and therapeutic consequences of treatment-emergent side effects. In SMI, SGAs with safer metabolic profiles should ideally be prescribed first. However, alongside with safety, efficacy should also be considered on a patient-tailored basis.
dc.format.extent20
dc.identifier.citationTher Clin Risk Manag. 2017 Jun 29;13:757-777
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11447/1666
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.2147/TCRM.S117321
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherDove Press Limited
dc.subjectantipsychotics
dc.subjectpsychiatry
dc.subjectpsychosis
dc.subjectsafety
dc.subjectside effects
dc.subjecttolerability
dc.titleSafety, tolerability, and risks associated with first- and second-generation antipsychotics: a state-of-the-art clinical review
dc.typeArtículo

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