Epidemiology, prevention, screening, diagnosis, and evaluation: update of the ICUD–SIU joint consultation on bladder cancer

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dc.contributor.authorFernández, Mario
dc.contributor.authorBrausi, Maurizio
dc.contributor.authorClark, Peter E.
dc.contributor.authorCookson, Michael S.
dc.contributor.authorBarton Grossman, H.
dc.contributor.authorKhochikar, Makarand
dc.contributor.authorKiemeney, Lambertus A.
dc.contributor.authorMalavaud, Bernard
dc.contributor.authorSanchez‑Salas, Rafael
dc.contributor.authorSoloway, Mark S.
dc.contributor.authorSvatek, Robert S.
dc.contributor.authorVikram, Raghunandan
dc.contributor.authorVrieling, Alina
dc.contributor.authorKamat, Ashish M.
dc.date.accessioned2021-08-27T20:40:17Z
dc.date.available2021-08-27T20:40:17Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.description.abstractPurpose To update current recommendations on prevention, screening, diagnosis, and evaluation of bladder cancer (BC) based on a thorough assessment of the most recent literature on these topics. Methods A non-systematic review was performed, including articles until June 2017. A variety of original articles, reviews, and editorials were selected according to their epidemiologic, demographic, and clinical relevance. Assessment of the level of evidence and grade of recommendations was performed according to the International Consultation on Urological Diseases grading system. Results BC is the ninth most common cancer worldwide with 430,000 new cases in 2012. Currently, approximately 165,000 people die from the disease annually. Absolute incidence and prevalence of BC are expected to rise significantly during the next decades because of population ageing. Tobacco smoking is still the main risk factor, accounting for about 50% of cases. Smoking cessation is, therefore, the most relevant recommendation in terms of prevention, as the risk of developing BC drops almost 40% within 5 years of cessation. BC screening is not recommended for the general population. BC diagnosis remains mainly based on cystoscopy, but development of new endoscopic and imaging technologies may rapidly change the diagnosis algorithm. The same applies for local, regional, and distant staging modalities. Conclusions A thorough understanding of epidemiology, risk factors, early detection strategies, diagnosis, and evaluation is essential for correct, evidence-based management of BC patients. Recent developments in endoscopic techniques and imaging raise the hope for providing better risk-adopted approaches and thereby improving clinical outcomes.es
dc.description.versionVersión publicada
dc.identifier.citationFernández, M.I., Brausi, M., Clark, P.E. et al. Epidemiology, prevention, screening, diagnosis, and evaluation: update of the ICUD–SIU joint consultation on bladder cancer. World J Urol 37, 3–13 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-018-2436-yes
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-018-2436-yes
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11447/4523
dc.language.isoenes
dc.sourceWorld Journal of Urology
dc.subjectNeoplasm, urinary bladderes
dc.subjectRisk factores
dc.subjectPrimary preventiones
dc.subjectEarly detection of canceres
dc.subjectCystoscopyes
dc.subjectNeoplasm staginges
dc.titleEpidemiology, prevention, screening, diagnosis, and evaluation: update of the ICUD–SIU joint consultation on bladder canceres
dc.typeArticlees

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