Isolation of Ciprofloxacin and Ceftazidime-Resistant Enterobacterales From Vegetables and River Water Is Strongly Associated With the Season and the Sample Type

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dc.contributor.authorDíaz-Gavidia, Constanza
dc.contributor.authorRivas, Lina
dc.contributor.authorBarría, Carla
dc.contributor.authorGarcía, Patricia
dc.contributor.authorAlvarez, Francisca P.
dc.contributor.authorGonzález-Rocha, Gerardo
dc.contributor.authorOpazo-Capurro, Andrés
dc.contributor.authorAraos, Rafael
dc.contributor.authorMunita, José
dc.contributor.authorCortes, Sandra
dc.contributor.authorOlivares-Pacheco, Jorge
dc.contributor.authorAdell, Aiko
dc.contributor.authorMoreno-Switt, Andrea
dc.date.accessioned2022-01-10T18:49:13Z
dc.date.available2022-01-10T18:49:13Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.description.abstractThe dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) from water used for crop irrigation to vegetables is poorly studied. During a year, five farmer markets in a city in Central Chile were visited, and 478 vegetable samples (parsleys, corianders, celeries, lettuces, chards, and beets) were collected. Simultaneously, 32 water samples were collected from two rivers which are used to irrigate the vegetables produced in the area. Resistant Enterobacterales were isolated and identified. Colistin resistance gene mcr-1 and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) were molecularly detected. The association of environmental factors was evaluated, with the outcomes being the presence of Enterobacterales resistant to four antibiotic families and the presence of multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotypes. Parsley, coriander, and celery showed the highest prevalence of resistant Enterobacterales (41.9% for ciprofloxacin and 18.5% for ceftazidime). A total of 155 isolates were obtained, including Escherichia coli (n=109), Citrobacter sp. (n=20), Enterobacter cloacae complex (n=8), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=8), and Klebsiella aerogenes (n=1). Resistance to ampicillin (63.2%) and ciprofloxacin (74.2%) was most frequently found; 34.5% of the isolates showed resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, and the MDR phenotype represented 51.6% of the isolates. In two E. coli isolates (1.29%), the gene mcr-1 was found and ESBL genes were found in 23/62 isolates (37%), with bla CTX-M being the most frequently found in 20 isolates (32%). Resistant Enterobacterales isolated during the rainy season were less likely to be MDR as compared to the dry season. Understanding environmental associations represent the first step toward an improved understanding of the public health impact of ARB in vegetables and water.es
dc.description.versionVersión publicada
dc.identifier.citationDíaz-Gavidia C, Barría C, Rivas L, García P, Alvarez FP, González-Rocha G, Opazo-Capurro A, Araos R, Munita JM, Cortes S, Olivares-Pacheco J, Adell AD, Moreno-Switt AI. Isolation of Ciprofloxacin and Ceftazidime-Resistant Enterobacterales From Vegetables and River Water Is Strongly Associated With the Season and the Sample Type. Front Microbiol. 2021 Sep 14;12:604567. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.604567es
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.604567es
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11447/5393
dc.language.isoenes
dc.subjectEnterobacteraleses
dc.subjectMultidrug resistancees
dc.subjectRiver wateres
dc.subjectVegetablees
dc.subjectEnvironmental risk factorses
dc.titleIsolation of Ciprofloxacin and Ceftazidime-Resistant Enterobacterales From Vegetables and River Water Is Strongly Associated With the Season and the Sample Typees
dc.typeArticlees
dcterms.sourceFrontiers in microbiologyes

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