Innate gut microbiota predisposes to high alcohol consumption

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dc.contributor.authorEzquer, Fernando
dc.contributor.authorQuintanilla, Maria Elena
dc.contributor.authorMoya-Flores, Francisco
dc.contributor.authorMorales, Paola
dc.contributor.authorMunita, José
dc.contributor.authorOlivares, Belén
dc.contributor.authorLandskron, Glauben
dc.contributor.authorHermoso, Marcela A.
dc.contributor.authorEzquer, Marcelo
dc.contributor.authorIsrael, Yedy
dc.contributor.authorHerrera-Marschitz, Mario
dc.date.accessioned2022-01-12T13:30:16Z
dc.date.available2022-01-12T13:30:16Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.description.abstractGut microbiota is known to be transferred from the mother to their offspring. This study determines whether the innate microbiota of rats selectively bred for generations as high alcohol drinkers play a role in their alcohol intake. Wistar-derived high-drinker UChB rats (intake 10-g ethanol/kg/day) administered nonabsorbable oral antibiotics before allowing access to alcohol, reducing their voluntary ethanol intake by 70%, an inhibition that remained after the antibiotic administration was discontinued. Oral administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus Gorbach–Goldin (GG) induced the synthesis of FGF21, a vagal β-Klotho receptor agonist, and partially re-invoked a mechanism that reduces alcohol intake. The vagus nerve constitutes the main axis transferring gut microbiota information to the brain (“microbiota-gut-brain” axis). Bilateral vagotomy inhibited rat alcohol intake by 75%. Neither antibiotic treatment nor vagotomy affected total fluid intake. A microbiota-mediated marked inflammatory environment was observed in the gut of ethanol-naïve high-drinker rats, as gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α; IL-6; IL-1β) was significantly reduced by nonabsorbable antibiotic administration. Gut cytokines are known to activate the vagus nerve, while vagal activation induces pro-rewarding effects in nucleus accumbens. Both alcoholics and alcohol-preferring rats share a marked preference for sweet tastes—likely an evolutionary trait to seek sweet fermented fruits. Saccharin intake by UChB rats was inhibited by 75%–85% by vagotomy or oral antibiotic administration, despite saccharin-induced polydipsia. Overall, data indicate that the mechanisms that normally curtail heavy drinking are inhibited in alcohol-preferring animals and inform a gut microbiota origin. Whether it applies to other mammals and humans merits further investigation.es
dc.description.versionVersión publicada
dc.identifier.citationEzquer F, Quintanilla ME, Moya-Flores F, Morales P, Munita JM, Olivares B, Landskron G, Hermoso MA, Ezquer M, Herrera-Marschitz M, Israel Y. Innate gut microbiota predisposes to high alcohol consumption. Addict Biol. 2021 Jul;26(4):e13018. doi: 10.1111/adb.13018es
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1111/adb.13018es
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11447/5431
dc.language.isoenes
dc.subjectalcoholismes
dc.subjectantibioticses
dc.subjectgut microbiotaes
dc.subjectmicrobiota-gut-brain axises
dc.titleInnate gut microbiota predisposes to high alcohol consumptiones
dc.typeArticlees
dcterms.sourceAddiction Biologyes

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