Typhoid Fever in Chile 1969-2012: Analysis of an Epidemic and Its Control

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dc.contributor.authorMarco, Claudia
dc.contributor.authorDelgado, Iris
dc.contributor.authorVargas, Claudio
dc.contributor.authorMuñoz, Ximena
dc.contributor.authorBhutta, Zulfiqar
dc.contributor.authorFerreccio, Catterina
dc.date.accessioned2022-06-02T16:06:50Z
dc.date.available2022-06-02T16:06:50Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.description.abstractFrom 1975 to 1983, a large epidemic of typhoid fever (TF) affected the metropolitan region (MR) of Chile (incidence rate [IR] of 219.6 per 105 in 1983). In 1983-1984, interventions were implemented focusing on person-to-person transmission (vaccination, food handlers' control, and mass communication) and regulations to control irrigation waters containing fecal contaminates. In 1991, a second intervention was quickly implemented to avoid the cholera epidemic affecting neighboring countries (total prohibition of growing or selling crops in the MR). We explored the potential impact of these interventions on the epidemic. We created a yearly database of the MR TF cases, population, and contextual factors of TF from 1969 to 2012. We first analyzed the epidemic (Joinpoint regression), identified predictors of TF (Poisson multiple regression), and then analyzed the effect of the interventions (interrupted time series model). The main predictor of the TF epidemic was the rate of unemployment. In relation to the 1983-1984 person-to-person interventions, TF came down by 51% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.2-65.0%) and continued to decrease at a rate of 10.4% (95% CI: 5.8-15.6%) per year until 1991. In 1991, with the strong environmental control of the sewage-irrigated crops, TF further decreased by 77% (95% CI: 69.0-83.1%) and continued decreasing thereafter at 13% (95% CI: 11.3-15.6%) per year until the end of the study period. Today, 40 years after the epidemic, TF is a rare disease in the MR of Chile.es
dc.description.versionVersión publicadaes
dc.identifier.citationMarco C, Delgado I, Vargas C, Muñoz X, Bhutta ZA, Ferreccio C. Typhoid Fever in Chile 1969-2012: Analysis of an Epidemic and Its Control. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2018 Sep;99(3_Suppl):26-33. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0125es
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.18-0125es
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11447/6171
dc.language.isoenes
dc.subjectChile / epidemiologyes
dc.subjectEndemic Diseaseses
dc.subjectTyphoid Fever / epidemiologyes
dc.subjectTyphoid Fever / prevention & controles
dc.subjectWater Microbiologyes
dc.subjectSanitationes
dc.titleTyphoid Fever in Chile 1969-2012: Analysis of an Epidemic and Its Controles
dc.typeArticlees
dcterms.sourceThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygienees

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