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Virtual reality training is associated with high satisfaction and self-perceived surgical confidence in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Experience from an orthopedic residency pilot study

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dc.contributor.authorGuiloff, Rodrigo
dc.contributor.authorPino, Ernesto
dc.contributor.authorArmijo-Rivera, Soledad
dc.contributor.authorCabrolier, Jorge
dc.contributor.authorSchulmeyer, Juan
dc.contributor.authorRadkievich, Ruben
dc.contributor.authorVaisman, Alex
dc.contributor.authorRafael, Calvo
dc.contributor.authorFigueroa, David
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-30T16:34:12Z
dc.date.available2026-04-30T16:34:12Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.description.abstractIntroduction/objective: Virtual reality (VR) is increasingly used in surgical education by enabling risk-free, immersive, and independent training. As orthopedic surgery residency programs increasingly integrate VR-based simulation, evidence regarding trainee satisfaction and self-perceived confidence remains scarce. This study aims to evaluate orthopedic surgery residents' satisfaction and self-perceived confidence following VR-based simulation training (VRT) in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The hypothesis is that VRT would result in high satisfaction and improve confidence in performing the procedure. Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted on 12 orthopedic surgery residents (4 per postgraduate year) from a three-year residency program. Residents with prior VR-based ACLR simulation experience were excluded. Each participant completed two VRT sessions using PrecisionOS software on the Oculus Quest 2 headset, practicing the inside-out ACLR technique. Pre- and post-training assessments included a validated five-point Likert scale and the net promoter score (NPS) to measure satisfaction and self-perceived confidence. Results: Eleven residents (91.7%) completed the study. Overall satisfaction with VRT was high, with most participants rating the experience as "agree" or "strongly agree" across all learning dimensions. The second session showed higher median satisfaction scores in five of six items. Participants valued VR training to improve procedural understanding, facilitate content application, and reinforce skills through immersive, tutor-independent learning. Overall, all sections achieved positive NPS values exceeding 40 (41-73), highlighting that VR training was an engaging way to learn. Third-year residents reported the greatest improvement regarding self-perceived confidence in executing the procedure, particularly to perform as the primary surgeon. First- and second-year residents showed increased confidence in assisting the procedure. Conclusion: This pilot study suggests that VR-based ACLR training is well accepted by orthopedic surgery residents and provides a highly satisfactory and immersive learning experience. Residents reported improved understanding of procedural steps and increased self-perceived confidence, with senior residents benefiting most in relation to the primary surgeon role and junior residents reporting greater confidence in assisting in the procedure. These findings support the feasibility and acceptability of VR simulation as a self-directed educational tool within orthopedic residency training programs
dc.description.versionVersión Aceptada
dc.identifier.citationRodrigo G, Ernesto P, Soledad AR, et al. Virtual reality training is associated with high satisfaction and self-perceived surgical confidence in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Experience from an orthopedic residency pilot study. J ISAKOS. Published online March 4, 2026. doi:10.1016/j.jisako.2026.101096
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jisako.2026.101096
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11447/10724
dc.language.isoen
dc.subjectAnterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
dc.subjectOrthopedic surgery
dc.subjectSurgical confidence
dc.subjectSurgical simulation
dc.subjectVirtual reality
dc.subjectedical education
dc.titleVirtual reality training is associated with high satisfaction and self-perceived surgical confidence in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Experience from an orthopedic residency pilot study
dc.typeArticle
dcterms.accessRightsAcceso Abierto
dcterms.sourceJournal of ISAKOS : joint disorders & orthopaedic sports medicine
dspace.entity.typePublication
relation.isAuthorOfPublication4ca5e43e-08cd-4ed9-91b2-9415a2b7e03a
relation.isAuthorOfPublication632f8448-7cc6-45f3-bc24-6f9436482456
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery4ca5e43e-08cd-4ed9-91b2-9415a2b7e03a

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