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SARS-CoV-2 Infection Risk by Vaccine Doses and Prior Infections Over 24 Months: ProHEpiC-19 Longitudinal Study

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dc.contributor.authorPere, Monserrat
dc.contributor.authorLamonja, Noemí
dc.contributor.authorCosta, Anna
dc.contributor.authorCarrasco, Lucía
dc.contributor.authorQuirant, Bibiana
dc.contributor.authorBoigues, Marc
dc.contributor.authorMolina, Xaviera
dc.contributor.authorChacón, Carla
dc.contributor.authorDacosta, Rosalia
dc.contributor.authorArméstar, Fernando
dc.contributor.authorMartínez, Eva
dc.contributor.authorPrado, Julia
dc.contributor.authorViolán, Concepción
dc.contributor.authorProHEpiC-19 study group
dc.date.accessioned2025-08-21T15:39:42Z
dc.date.available2025-08-21T15:39:42Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstractBackground: As the vaccination campaign against COVID-19 progresses, it becomes crucial to comprehend the lasting effects of vaccination on safeguarding against new infections or reinfections. Objective: This study aimed to assess the risk of new SARS-CoV-2 infections based on the number of vaccine doses, prior infections, and other clinical characteristics. Methods: We defined a cohort of 800 health care workers in a 24-month study (March 2020 to December 2022) in northern Barcelona to determine new infections by SARS-CoV-2. We used extended Cox models, specifically Andersen-Gill (AG) and Prentice-Williams-Peterson, and we examined the risk of new infections. The AG model incorporated variables such as sex, age, job title, number of chronic conditions, vaccine doses, and prior infections. Additionally, 2 Prentice-Williams-Peterson models were adjusted, one for those individuals with no or 1 infection and another for those with 2 or 3 infections, both with the same covariates as the AG model. Results: The 800 participants (n=605, 75.6% women) received 1, 2, 3, and 4 doses of the vaccine. Compared to those who were unvaccinated, the number of vaccine doses significantly reduced (P<.001) the risk of infection by 66%, 81%, 89%, and 99%, respectively. Unit increase in the number of prior infections reduced the risk of infection by 75% (P<.001). When separating individuals by number of previous infections, risk was significantly reduced for those with no or 1 infection by 61% (P=.02), and by 88%, 93%, and 99% (P<.001) with 1, 2, 3, or 4 doses, respectively. In contrast, for those with 2 or 3 previous infections, the reduction was only significant with the fourth dose, at 98% (P<.001). The number of chronic diseases only increased the risk by 28%-31% (P<.001) for individuals with 0-1 previous infections. Conclusions: The study suggests that both prior infections and vaccination status significantly contribute to SARS-CoV-2 immunity, supporting vaccine effectiveness in reducing risk of reinfection for up to 24 months after follow-up from the onset of the pandemic. These insights contribute to our understanding of long-term immunity dynamics and inform strategies for mitigating the impact of COVID-19
dc.description.versionVersión Publicada
dc.identifier.citationTorán-Monserrat P, Lamonja-Vicente N, Costa-Garrido A, Carrasco-Ribelles LA, Quirant B, Boigues M, Molina X, Chacón C, Dacosta-Aguayo R, Arméstar F, Martínez Cáceres EM, Prado JG, Violán C; ProHEpiC-19 study group. SARS-CoV-2 Infection Risk by Vaccine Doses and Prior Infections Over 24 Months: ProHEpiC-19 Longitudinal Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2024 Nov 22;10:e56926. doi: 10.2196/56926
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.2196/56926
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11447/10204
dc.language.isoen
dc.subjectCOVID-19
dc.subjectSARS-CoV-2
dc.subjectCohort
dc.subjectcoronavirus
dc.subjectEpidemiological
dc.subjectEpidemiology
dc.subjectExtended Cox models
dc.subjectHealth care workers
dc.subjectInfectious
dc.subjectLongitudinal
dc.subjectRespiratory
dc.subjectRisks
dc.subjectVaccinated
dc.subjectVaccination
dc.subjectVaccines
dc.titleSARS-CoV-2 Infection Risk by Vaccine Doses and Prior Infections Over 24 Months: ProHEpiC-19 Longitudinal Study
dc.typeArticle
dcterms.accessRightsAcceso Abierto
dcterms.sourceJMIR public health and surveillance
dspace.entity.typePublication

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