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Tobacco imagery in prime-time television in Spain: A content analysis

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dc.contributor.authorPeruga, Armando
dc.contributor.authorTigova, Olena
dc.contributor.authorFeliu, Ariadna
dc.contributor.authorCarnicer, Dolors
dc.contributor.authorAnton, Laura
dc.contributor.authorBosch, Félix
dc.contributor.authorRey, Juan
dc.contributor.authorSalto, Esteve
dc.contributor.authorFernández, Esteve
dc.contributor.authorMartínez, Cristina
dc.date.accessioned2026-08-20T21:10:48Z
dc.date.available2026-08-20T21:10:48Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: Exposure to tobacco content in media among youth is a well-established risk factor for smoking initiation and continued use. This study assessed the prevalence and nature of tobacco imagery on Spanish prime-time television (TV) programming and its associations with program characteristics: genre, production nationality, and broadcast timing. Methods: A content analysis of 63959 minutes of TV programming in 2021, excluding advertisements and trailers, across 18 broadcast channels examined the presence of tobacco imagery: actual tobacco use, tobacco cultural cues, smoking ban violations, tobacco brand appearances, or any of these. Results: The analysis revealed that 2.4% of the TV programming time contained at least one instance of tobacco imagery, resulting in 8.5 million impressions for viewers aged 4-24 years. Feature films had the highest prevalence of tobacco-related content (adjusted prevalence ratio, APR=11.9; 95% CI: 9.5-14.9). Tobacco-related content appeared more frequently outside designated children's protection hours (PR=0.7; 95% CI: 0.6-0.80). However, its presence within the designated children's protection schedule remains a significant concern, generating 15.6 million tobacco impressions for young viewers. Conclusions: The seemingly modest content level of tobacco imagery (2.4%) translates into a substantial number of impressions for young viewers aged 4-24 years, including during the designated children's protection schedule. Reducing tobacco imagery in films and TV series represents a promising strategy for curbing youth smoking. However, the current reliance on youth protection schedules is inadequate. To better protect children from tobacco imagery, policies should mandate strong anti-tobacco disclaimers preceding programs featuring tobacco and certificates of No Pay-off for tobacco portrayals.
dc.description.versionVersión Publicada
dc.identifier.citationPeruga A, Tigova O, Feliu A, Carnicer-Pont D, Anton L, Bosch F, Rey-Pino JM, Salto E, Fernández E, Martínez C. Tobacco imagery in prime-time television in Spain: A content analysis. Tob Induc Dis. 2025 Jun 10;23. doi: 10.18332/tid/204750
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.18332/tid/204750
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11447/11029
dc.language.isoen
dc.subjectAdvertising and promotion
dc.subjectMedia
dc.subjectPublic policy
dc.titleTobacco imagery in prime-time television in Spain: A content analysis
dc.typeArticle
dcterms.accessRightsAcceso Abierto
dcterms.sourceTobacco induced diseases
dspace.entity.typePublication
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relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryc8b19d84-bbe4-47f8-9ece-7d68172da50f

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