Person: Reyes Reyes, Fernando Teddy
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Reyes Reyes
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Fernando Teddy
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Publication Resilience as a Modulating Factor of Empathy in Medical Students(2024) Acosta-Martínez, Adán A.; Sandoval, Mildred A.; Monterroza, Leida G.; Reyes Reyes, Fernando Teddy; Reyes-Reyes, Alejandro; Lindsey W. Vilca, Lindsey W.; Díaz Narváez, Víctor P.Introduction: Empathy is a complex and multidimensional attribute. Attempts have been made to explain empathic behavior based on other variables. Empirical evidence shows that empathy could be the product of the influence of several factors. One of these factors could be resilience. There is still no developed theory and consistent empirical evidence demonstrating that empathy depends on resilience. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine if resilience can predict empathic behavior. Methodology: This study is non experimental and ex post facto with a cross-sectional design. Variables. Dependent: Empathy; Independent: Resilience. Population: Medical students belonging to the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Universidad Autónoma de Santa Ana (UNASA), Santa Ana, El Salvador (N=579). The sample (n=465) consisted of students (both sexes). Convenience sampling. Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Healthcare Professionals, student version (JSE-HPS). Trait Resilience Scale (EEA). A Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) model was used. Additionally, the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) (>0.95), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) (>0.95), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) (<0.08), and Standardized Root Mean Square (SRMR) (<0.08), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were employed. The significance level employed was α < 0.05. Results: All these results show that both measurement models (empathy and resilience) are adequately represented and are suitable for the structural model. Discussion: Individual resilience is a variable that can predict empathic behavior in medical students belonging to a Faculty of Health Sciences. The results constitute indirect empirical evidence that it is possible to define empathy as a dependent variable and resilience as an independent variable.Publication Synergy between resilience and empathy in health sciences students: A cross-sectional study(2025) Díaz-Narváez, Víctor P.; Alonso Palacio, Luz Marina; Borja González, Juana; Rod, J. E.; De las Salas, Roxana; Alonso Cabrera, Jesús; Salcedo Salgado, Juan; Rodríguez Sanjuán, Alexander; Ríos García, Ana Liliana; Cano Barrios, Allison Elena; De la Cruz-Rocha, Edwin Rafael; Caro, Sara; Serrano Mariño, Dolores Vanessa; Ferreira Medina, Yanina; Hernández Bustos, Oscar E.; Espitia Nieto, Sandra; Hoyos De Los Ríos, Olga Lucia; Gamarra-Moncayo, José; Vilca, Lindsey W.; Reyes Reyes, Fernando Teddy; Reyes-Reyes, Alejandro; Cisneros, Ricardo; Velasco, Katherine; Carmona-Meza, ZenenBackground. Empathy is considered a key factor in patient satisfaction, treatment adherence, clinical outcomes, and professional fulfillment. Consequently, training health sciences students in empathy has become a priority in universities worldwide. However, empathy-focused interventions have not achieved the desired success due to the complex nature of empathy. Both internal and external factors shape and influence empathy. Resilience has been proposed as one such factor, but the association between these two concepts is poorly understood. This study aims to evaluate the association between different dimensions of resilience and empathy in health science students. Methods. A Cross-sectional analysis evaluated the levels of empathy and resilience in 993 Medical, Nursing, and Dentistry students at Universidad del Norte using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Professions Students (JSE-HPS) and the Ecological, Engineering, Adaptation (EEA) Resilience Scale. Data were examined through univariate and multivariate normality analyses and descriptive statistics. To evaluate the theoretical structure of empathy and resilience, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed on the three-dimensional models of each construct. Reliability was established using the Omega coefficient. Finally, structural equation modeling (SEM) with a robust maximum likelihood estimator was applied to analyze the association between resilience and empathy. Results. The normal distribution assumptions were largely met for empathy scale data, its respective dimensions, and individual items. The theoretical model was well-supported for both constructs, and the data suggested acceptable reliability. SEM analysis revealed that the association between empathy and resilience dimensions vary. Ecological resilience was positively correlated with all empathy dimensions while engineering and adaptative resilience were negatively correlated with all three dimensions of empathy. Conclusions. There is no universal effect of resilience on empathy. Designers of empathy-focused educational interventions and researchers should consider the potential differential effects of different dimensions of resilience on different aspects of empathy. In particular, focusing on ecological resilience may create the conditions for achieved empathy to be expressed, while strategies to mitigate the potential negative impact of adaptive resilience on empathy should be further explored.Publication Resilience as a predictor of empathy in Colombian nursing students(2025) Hernández-Alvarez, Guiomar; López-Sáleme, Rossana; Escobar-Velásquez, Katty; Gamarra-Moncayo, José Rolando; Reyes Reyes, Fernando Teddy; Reyes-Reyes, Alejandro; Díaz-Narváez, VíctorObjective: This study aims to determine whether individual resilience can predict empathic behavior in undergraduate nursing students and how resilience influences empathy (positively or negatively). Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational study. The population consisted of 516 students from all academic semesters duly enrolled in the 2023 academic cycle in the Faculty of Nursing, Universidad Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. A convenience sample of 330 students was selected, with a predominance of women compared to men. To assess empathy, the Jefferson Scale of Empathy for Health Professionals was used, which has three dimensions (Compassionate Care, Perspective-Taking, and “Walking in the Patient’s Shoes”), and resilience was measured using the Trait Resilience Scale composed of three dimensions (Engineering, Ecology, and Adaptation). Empathy and resilience data were subjected to psychometric analysis to verify compliance with the theoretical model and the presence of the dimensions of each construct in the data. Descriptive statistics of each scale are presented. The prediction of resilience on empathy was performed using Structural Equation Models (SEM). Results: There is an overall positive relationship between resilience as a predictor of empathy; the goodnessof-fit indicators of the implemented SEM model prove to be adequate; however, not all dimensions of the resilience variable prove to be adequate predictors when associated with the empathy dimensions, the ecological dimension of resilience positively predicts the perspective-taking dimension of empathy. In contrast, the adaptation dimension negatively predicts the compassionate care dimension of empathy, with no statistically significant relationship in the engineering dimension. Conclusion: Individual resilience is a variable that can predict empathetic behavior in nursing students from the studied Faculty of Nursing.Publication Resilience and empathy in health science students(2025) Díaz-Narváez, Víctor P.; Sandoval, Mildred A.; Acosta-Martínez, Adán A.; Monterroza, Leida G.; Reyes Reyes, Fernando Teddy; Vilca, Lindsey W.; Reyes-Reyes, AlejandroIntroduction: To determine whether resilience dimensions are able to predict empathy dimensions based on individual resilience scores in a sample of health sciences students. Methods: The sample consisted of 1,093 students from the Faculty of Health Sciences of El Salvador. Descriptive statistics were estimated to characterize the sample and the prediction of the dimensions of resilience on those of empathy was estimated using structural equations. Results: It was found that the Engineering and Adaptive dimensions of resilience negatively predict the Adoption of Perspective and Compassionate Care dimensions of empathy, while the ecological dimension positively predicted the Adoption of Perspective and Compassionate Care dimensions of empathy. Conclusion: Individual resilience is a variable that can influence empathy and predict empathic behaviour in students from different careers or study programmes belonging to a Faculty of Health Sciences. These findings provide empirical evidence supporting the concept that empathy can be defined as a dependent variable regarding individual resilience. It is necessary to introduce training in resilience and empathy in a coordinated manner in the teaching-learning process in health sciences students.Publication Resilience as empathy predictor in nursing students(2025) Díaz-Narváez, Víctor P.; Madero Zambrano, Kendy; Fortich-Mesa, Natalia; Hoyos Hoyos, Vivi; Vilca Quiro, Lindsey W.; Reyes-Reyes, Alejandro; Reyes Reyes, Fernando Teddy; Gamarra-Moncayo, JoséObjective. To determine if resilience can predict empathy. Specifically, explain what would be the effect of the resilience dimensions on the dimensions of empathy in the nursing students examined in this study. Methods. Cross-sectional study with the participation of 340 nursing students from a private university in Colombia. Jefferson’s Empathy Scale (student version) and the Resilience-Trait Scale were used. The complete psychometry of the Empathy and Resilience scales was carried out, followed by the application of Structural Equations. Results. Ecological Resilience predicts negatively the dimensions of “Compassionate Care” (ß = -0.11) and “Walking in the patient’s shoes” (ß = -0.19); the Engineering Resilience predicts positively the dimension “Walking in the patient’s shoes” (ß = 0.08). Conclusion. Overall, resilience predicts empathy, thereby, introducing empathetic training of nursing students in the population studied must also include training in resilience.