Person: Blukacz, Alice
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Blukacz
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Alice
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Alice Blukacz
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Publication The social and health protection of migrants in Chile: qualitative analysis of civil society proposals for constitutional change(2023) Cabieses, Báltica; Obach, Alexandra; Blukacz, Alice; Esnouf, Sophie; Mezones, Edward; Espinoza, Manuel; DeJong, JocelynBackground: A sustained period of social, economic, and political unrest took place during October of 2019 in Chile. As an institutional solution, the "Agreement for Social Peace and the New Constitution" was signed. In this document, most political parties committed to reestablishing peace and public order in Chile, agreeing on the initiation of a constitutional process. To promote participation of civil society actors, the "Popular Initiative for Norms" was enabled. This was a platform where civilians could submit proposals for constitutional norms to be discussed by the Constitutional Convention. We aimed to analyze proposals related to migrants and migrant health. Methods: We conducted a qualitative thematic analysis of the proposals. Sixteen of them were related to migrants, and we analyzed their association to health. We also evaluated their link to the Health Goals 2030 set out by the Chilean Ministry of Health and the Global Action Plan 2019-2023 for Promoting the Health of Refugees and Migrants by the World Health Organization. Results: Four main thematic categories were identified: 1) Humans rights of migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers; 2) Nationality and regularization of migrants and refugees; 3) Political participation and cultural integration of migrants and refugees; and 4) Specific regulations on slavery and human trafficking. These resonated with broader frameworks established in the Health Goals 2030 (Chile) and the Global Action Plan 2019-2023 for Promoting the Health of Refugees and Migrants by the World Health Organization. Conclusions: The 'Popular Initiative for Norms' was a non-binding participatory mechanism. Although the proposals sent through were not guaranteed to be included in the constitutional draft-and despite the final draft being rejected last September 2022-the platform allowed to gain insights into civilian opinions. Our findings showed that there is an incipient yet weak recognition of the rights and situation of migrants in Chile. There was no direct mention of health nor an explicit contemplation of social determinants of health. Despite there being an urgent need to define strategies for migrants' health in Chile, this study demonstrated that civil awareness and interest are still insufficient.Publication Quemaduras: ¿por qué prestarles especial atención a los adolescentes en América Latina y El Caribe desde un enfoque de prevención primaria en salud?(2023) Blukacz, Alice; Cabieses, Báltica; Obach, Alexandra; Fuentes, Rodrigo; Carmina, Domic; Peredes, Carola; Saavedra, Rolando; Rojas, JorgeLa evidencia existente en materia de quemaduras en población menor de edad a nivel global se ha enfocado principalmente en niños y niñas menores de 10 años, dejando atrás al grupo etario definido como "adolescente" por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Sin embargo, la etapa de la adolescencia presenta características propias que la diferencian de los rangos etarios menores con respecto a las quemaduras. Estas diferencias son relevantes desde una perspectiva de prevención primaria, la cual se centra en evitar la enfermedad o lesión. En este contexto, el presente artículo reflexiona en torno a los motivos por los cuales es necesario prestarles especial atención a las y los adolescentes en el marco de la prevención primaria de las quemaduras, con relevancia para Latinoamérica y El Caribe. Primero, los escenarios de quemaduras en adolescentes muchas veces se vinculan con la participación en actividades de riesgo por presión, deseabilidad social o baja percepción de los riesgos asociados. Segundo, es importante recalcar que los adolescentes pueden experimentar vulnerabilidad social, la cual los puede exponer al riesgo de sufrir una quemadura intencional o no. Tercero, el riesgo de quemaduras en adolescentes se puede asociar con la salud mental y escenarios de autolesión. Se requiere indagar en estos aspectos, tanto a través de estudios cuantitativos epidemiológicos como de estudios cualitativos, para poder diseñar e implementar estrategias de prevención primarias relevantes para este grupo de población en la región.Publication Health conditions of migrant children and adolescents from Latin America and the Caribbean: A narrative review(2024) CARREÑO CALDERON, ALEJANDRA; Blukacz, Alice; Cabieses, Báltica; Obach, AlexandraThe presence of children and adolescents in migratory flows is growing in Latin America and the Caribbean. Little is known about migration's effects on these groups' health. This article aims to investigate the evidence available on the access and use of healthcare services by migrant children and adolescents in Latin America and the Caribbean. We seek to explore the role of social determinants of health at different levels in the health conditions of these groups. Also, to identify potential recommendations for healthcare systems and public policy to address them. For this purpose, a narrative review of 52 publications was carried out based on a search of scientific literature in the Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. Five relevant topics were identified: use of emergency care associated with lack of healthcare access, preventive services, and other social determinants of health; exposure to preventable infectious diseases; mental health; sexual and reproductive health; and vaccinations and dental health. We conclude that the evidence shows the need to address the inequities and disadvantages faced by migrant children from a perspective of social determinants of health and policies that consider health as a human right regardless of the migratory status of children and adolescents, as well as that of their parents or primary caregivers.Publication Desafíos para el abordaje de la salud de los migrantes en Chile durante la pandemia por Covid-19: una revisión de alcance(2023) Cabieses, Báltica; Obach, Alexandra; Blukacz, Alice; Rada, Isabel; CARREÑO CALDERON, ALEJANDRA; Mezones, EdwardObjetivo.Indagar sobre los principales desafíos reportados en el marco de la emergencia sanitaria de SARS-CoV-2 según la evidencia científica disponible a la fecha en esta materia en Chile. Material y métodos. Revisión de alcance con base en tres búsquedas en Web of Science, PubMed y Google Scholar de publicaciones en inglés y español publicadas entre 2020 y 2023. Resultados. Se identificaron tres áreas clave: desafíos de acceso y uso efectivo del sistema de salud, desafíos más allá del sistema de salud, incluyendo aquellas relaciones con determinantes sociales de la salud, autocuidado e información y, finalmente, desafíos de integración de los enfoques de interculturalidad, género y cooperación internacional. Conclusiones. Se evidencian oportunidades de mejorar el abordaje de la salud de personas migrantes internacionales en Chile a raíz de la pandemia por Covid-19, de cara a futuras crisis sanitarias y para reducir brechas e inequidades que impactan la salud poblacional. Objective. To investigate the main challenges in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 health emergency according to the scientific evidence available to date in this area in Chile. Materials and methods. Scoping review based on three searches in Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar of publications in English and Spanish published between 2020 and 2023. Results. Three key areas were identified: the challenges of access and effective use of the health system, the challenges beyond the health system, including those related to social determinants of health, self-care and information, and finally, the challenges of integrating intercultural, gender and international cooperation approaches. Conclusions. There are opportunities to better address the health of international migrants in Chile in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, anticipating future health crises and to reduce gaps and inequities that impact population health.