Person: Peruga, Armando
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Publication Changes in tobacco imagery and smokers' depiction in Spanish top-grossing films before and after the implementation of a comprehensive tobacco control policy in Spain(2023) Feliu, Ariadna; Quintero, Alex; Peruga, Armando; Carnicer, Dolors; AntĆ³n, Laura; Rey, Juan; FernĆ”ndez, EsteveIntroduction: As more restrictions on tobacco marketing communication are implemented, tobacco marketing has persisted through smoking in films. Our aims were to assess changes in tobacco imagery exposure in Spanish top-grossing films before and after the banning of tobacco advertising in Spain, and to determine whether the depiction of smoking characters has changed over the years. Methods: A repeated cross-sectional study measured the tobacco content in the 10 Spanish top-grossing films in 2005, 2010 and 2015 (n=30) before and after a complete tobacco advertising ban. We conducted a descriptive and regression analysis of changes in tobacco impressions by year. Results: The 30 films contained 1378 tobacco occurrences (90.2% positive for tobacco) with a median length of eight seconds onscreen. Total tobacco occurrences deemed positive for tobacco interests significantly increased in 2010 and 2015 compared to 2005. However, we observed decreased odds of tobacco brands appearances (OR=0.25; p<0.001) in 2010 and of implied tobacco use (OR=0.44; p=0.002), and tobacco brands appearances (OR=0.36; p<0.001) in 2015 compared to 2005. There was a change of pattern in the type of role smokers played from a leading role to a supporting one (p<0.001). The population reach of positive for tobacco occurrence in Spanish top-grossing films decreased from 15.9 (95% CI: 15.86-15.86) per 1000 spectators in 2005 to 0.8 (95% CI: 0.82-0.82) in 2015. Conclusions: The implementation of a ban on complete tobacco product advertising was followed by a decrease in tobacco incidents across top-grossing Spanish films. Yet, exposure to smoking in films is still unacceptably high.Publication Exposure to tobacco impressions during prime-time TV among Chilean minors by sex and socioeconomic status(2022) Peruga, Armando; Castillo-Laborde, Carla; Matute, MarĆa Isabel; Molina, Xaviera; Urrejola, Oscar; Aguilera, XimenaIntroduction: We tested if tobacco impressions were delivered differentially to prime-time TV watching minors by sex and socioeconomic status. Methods: Programs aired during prime-time for three random weeks in 2019 from the 15 highest audience channels in Chile were content-analyzed for the occurrence of tobacco for each one-minute interval of 92639 recorded. Such occurrences were categorized as actual use and whether they violated Chilean smoke-free law or tobacco brand appearances. We estimated the number of persons per hour (p/h) exposed to tobacco impressions for the 4 to 17 years age group by sex and socioeconomic status (SES). Results: Minors spent over a billion p/h watching TV during the observation period. Minors were exposed to tobacco explicit use, branding and smoke-free violation impressions for 9.7 million, 1.2 million, and 1.0 million p/h, respectively. The odds ratios (OR) of exposure to total tobacco impressions were always greater among boys with higher SES compared to boys with low SES. However, they were greater among girls of low SES compared to those of high SES for all types of impressions. The OR of exposure to tobacco branding was higher among girls of any SES compared to boys of any SES. Conclusions: Minors need protection from tobacco imagery on television, particularly girls of low SES. To that end, new legislation should implement all measures to counter depictions of tobacco in entertainment media, as recommended in the WHO FCTC Article 13 guidelines. This should require strong anti-tobacco advertisements before any TV program portraying tobacco targeting minor audiences, particularly girls of low SES. Given that Chile has one of the highest prevalences in the world of current cigarette smoking among young females, the potential contribution of tobacco impressions on TV to smoking differentials across female socioeconomic groups should be further studied.