Person: Salvaj, Erica
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Publication Directors and syndics in corporate networks: Argentina and Italy compared (1913–1990)(2017) Lluch, Andrea; Rinaldi, Alberto; Salvaj, Erica; Vasta, Michelangelo; Salvaj, EricaThis article analyses the evolution of corporate networks in Argentina and Italy from 1913 to 1990, using an interlocking directorates technique applied to six benchmark years and the largest 25 banks and 100 non-financial companies in both countries. The descriptive statistics of the companies and directors in the sample provide input for a network connectivity analysis of the two systems, integrated with historical and structural analyses. Furthermore, this article provides the first assessment of syndics – special auditors for firms – to the network analyses. Relying on a recently established analytical framework, the authors show that the Argentine and Italian corporate networks exhibit different structures and evolutions over time. This research broadens the extant analytical framework by exploring how syndics contribute to corporate networks and how the interaction of macro, meso, and micro levels affects the evolution of syndicatures in the two countries. Finally, the detailed taxonomy of syndics offers evidence of companies’ selection strategies and the historical uses of syndicature as a governance mechanism.Publication Women may be climbing on board, but not in first class: A long-term study of the factors affecting women’s board participation in Argentina and Chile (1923–2010)(2022) Lluch, Andrea; Salvaj, EricaThe literature about women’s roles in corporate structure does not provide clear, systemic, integrative answers to fundamental questions such as which factors shape board gender composition and women’s roles in business and corporate networks? With the intention to help overcome this gap in the literature, this paper examines the dynamics of women’s access to corporate boards for more than a century in Argentina and Chile. It focuses on critical factors that affect the fluctuating, nonlinear recruitment patterns that have led to the incorporation of women in these two countries during the twentieth century and the first decade of the twenty-first century. We analyse a diverse range of institutional, organisational, and individual factors that have opened women’s access to the boards of Argentina’s and Chile’s largest corporations. The study establishes that Argentina has progressed into a more fragmented corporate network than Chile, which may have facilitated women’s access to boards. However, and even if, little by little, a combination of factors has opened some space for women in the corporate power elite, they primarily remain in marginalised positions in networks. Taken together, these findings show that it is important to consider not only the number and the timing but also the nature of women’s integration into corporate boards and high-ranking positions. This issue is particularly relevant because Argentina and Chile have not enacted regulations to mandate minimum levels of board diversity during the period under analysis.Publication Longitudinal Study of Interlocking Directorates in Argentina and Foreign Firms’ Integration into Local Capitalism (1923–2000)(Routledge, 2014) Lluch, Andrea; Salvaj, EricaInterlocking directorates can play important roles for the organization and performance of business, as well as for the structuring of economic power (Mizruchi 1996). We are particularly interested in the historical embeddedness of board interlocks and transformations in their significance and structure over time. This chapter focuses on the factors that fueled changes and shifts in Argentine board interlocks throughout the twentieth century. Argentina offers an interesting context because its troubled economic performance has been a puzzling case in literature concerning development economics. Its capitalist system has undergone multiple transformations over the years. Despite its ranking as a comparatively rich country in the early twentieth century, it steadily drifted farther from industrial economies, until the collapse of the economy in 2001.Publication Corporate Networks and Business Groups in Argentina in the Early 1970s(01/07/2014) Lluch, Andrea; Salvaj, Erica; Barbero, María Inés; Salvaj, EricaThis article examines the interlocking directorates’ structure of prominent Argentine business groups at the end of the import sub-stitution period (1970–72), identifying corporate relations among and between business groups and the largest companies, during a period characterised by high institutional and macroeconomic instability. Applying social network analysis, it seeks to clarify how business groups can contribute to the cohesion of a corporate network structure, through their ability to create links among firms not only within their boundaries but also external to them. The article contributes to both corporate network and business groups’ literature, highlighting a role of business groups that extant literature has failed to identify as relevant.