Person: Apablaza, Mauricio
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Apablaza
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Mauricio
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Publication Shielded by business ownership? The role of senior entrepreneurship as a defense mechanism against ageism(2025) Poblete, Carlos; Mandakovic, Vesna; Apablaza, MauricioPurpose — This paper examines the role of entrepreneurship in mitigating age-based discrimination. It investigates whether entrepreneurship among older adults can serve as a protective mechanism against ageism. Design/methodology/approach — Using Chilean data between 2015 and 2022 comprising nearly 3,500 elderly individuals, we analyze the relationship between senior entrepreneurship and perceptions of age-based discrimination. We assess how participation in entrepreneurial activities affects older adults' experiences of ageism compared to traditional employment settings. Findings — The results reveal that older adults engaged in entrepreneurial activities are significantly less likely to perceive age-based discrimination. This indicates a negative association between senior entrepreneurship and ageism, suggesting that self-employment may act as a buffer against the negative stereotypes and prejudices faced by older individuals in the labor market. However, entrepreneurship’s protective effects are contingent on the absence of hierarchical dynamics of team leadership that reintroduce age as a salient and stigmatized identity. Research limitations/Implications — Discrimination against the elderly undermines their economic opportunities, societal contributions, and, most importantly, their dignity. Although the study is centered on Chile, its findings offer broader insights into ageism in workforce globally, specially in emerging economis. This highlights the need for further research to explore the impact of senior entrepreneurship in other contexts and economies. Originality/Value — This study contributes to the existing literature by highlighting the potential of senior entrepreneurship as a strategy to combat age discrimination. Unlike previous research, this paper provides insights into the unique challenges and opportunities faced by older adults in an emerging economy characterized by extensive informal markets, weaker institutional frameworks and accelerated aiging. Practical implications — The research advocates for a paradigm shift in societal perceptions of aging and labor market participation. It underscores the importance of supporting senior entrepreneurship through targeted policies and programs. By creating an entrepreneurial ecosystem that meets the specific needs of older adults, policymakers can enhance their economic and social contributions, promoting a more inclusive and equitable labor market.Publication South-South migration and entrepreneurship: The case of Chile(2025) Tala Mussa, Yamil; Apablaza, Mauricio; Mandakovic, VesnaThere is a vast literature addressing migration towards more developing economies, often focusing on migrants' inclusion into local labour markets. However, less information is available regarding the labour inclusion of migrants in emerging economies usually characterized by high levels of inequality and extensive informal markets. Latino America, and Chile in particular, provide a unique opportunity to study the labour market integration of migrants. The region has experienced an unprecedented inflow of migrants in recent years, and Chile has not been an exception to this trend. In 2017, the migrant population in Chile was estimated at around 746 thousand. Five years later, in 2022, the number had escalated to 1.5 million (INE, 2022). Formal and informal barriers have limited migrants' access to formal markets, leading them to opt for informal jobs or entrepreneurial ventures. However, this decision is not homogeneous across migrant subgroups, especially facing external shocks. In this chapter, we will examine the inclusion of migrants in the Chilean labour market between 2017 and 2022. We will explore labour decisions among migrants and locals, analysing demographic characteristics and exploring an econometric analysis. Furthermore, we will specifically address the substantial rise in the migrant population and the impacts of the pandemic and its subsequent recovery phase. We aim to inform policymakers regarding the role of the entrepreneur in an emerging economy as a strategy to deal with unemployment, underemployment, and informality during this period.Publication Multimorbidity profile among cancer-related hospitalization events in younger and older patients: a large-scale nationwide cross-sectional study(2025) Bernal, Yanara; Campaña, Carla; Sanhueza, Cristobal; Apablaza, Mauricio; Armisen, Ricardo; Delgado, IrisBackground Multimorbidity, the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases, among cancer patients offers critical insights into shared risk factors, while posing increasing challenges for healthcare systems due to the complexity of care required. Despite its relevance, research in multimorbidity across different age groups is limited in middle income countries. Methods We analyzed cancer-related hospitalizations between 2019 and 2023, using a nationwide Diagnosis-Related Groups database covering 68 Chilean health institutions. We examined the distribution of 40 chronic conditions, multimorbidity prevalence, comorbidity profile, and their distribution across age group, sex, and cancer diagnosis. Findings We identified 4,722,723 hospitalization events, including 149,270 unique adult patients hospitalized with cancer (mean of 63 ± 15.17 years old). Multimorbidity was present in 47.9% of all cancer-related hospitalizations, increasing steeply with age: 14% in patients aged 18–35, 24.9% in those 36–50, and 55.5% in patients >50 years. Obesity and diabetes were among the most common comorbid conditions across age groups, with significant variations by sex. Notably, obesity was more prevalent in younger patients, particularly those aged 18–35, whereas hypertension showed an inverse profile, increasing markedly with age. Interpretation Multimorbidity profile reflect both the clinical complexity of cancer care and potential shared biological and environmental pathways in carcinogenesis. These findings highlight the need to transition from diseasecentered to person-centered care models. In Chile, understanding multimorbidity in younger and middle-aged adults may inform precision prevention, integrated service delivery, and equitable planning for both oncologic and non-oncologic care. Funding This study was conducted without external funding.