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Castro, Patricia

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Castro

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Patricia

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End date: 2024 Ɨ Subject: Spatial orientation Ɨ

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    Visuospatial orientation: Differential effects of head and body positions
    (2022) Castro, Patricia; Hussaina, Shahvaiz; Mohameda, Omer G.; Kaskia, Diego; Arshada, Qadeer; Bronsteina, Adolfo M.; Kheradmand, Amir
    To orientate in space, the brain must integrate sensory information that encodes the position of the body with the visual cues from the surrounding environment. In this process, the extent of reliance on visual information is known as the visual dependence. Here, we asked whether the relative positions of the head and body can modulate such visual dependence (VD). We used the effect of optokinetic stimulation (30ā—¦/s) on subjective visual vertical (SVV) to quantify VD as the average optokinetic-induced SVV bias in clockwise and counter-clockwise directions. The VD bias was measured in eight subjects with a head-on-body tilt (HBT) where only the head was tilted on the body, and also with a whole-body tilt (WBT) where the head and body were tilted together. The VD bias with HBT of 20ā—¦was in the same direction of the head tilt position (left tilt VD 1.35 Ā±0.1.2ā—¦; right VD 1.60 Ā±0.9ā—¦), whereas the VD bias with WBT of 20ā—¦was in a direction away from the body tilt position (left tilt VD 2.5 Ā±1.1ā—¦; right tilt VD 2.1 Ā±0.9ā—¦). These findings show differential effects of relative head and body positions on visual cue integration, a process which could facilitate optimal interaction with the surrounding environment for spatial orientation.
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    Sense of direction in vestibular disorders
    (2024) Moore, Alexander; Golding, John; Alenova, Anastasia; Castro, Patricia
    Background: Our sense of direction (SOD) ability relies on the sensory integration of both visual information and self-motion cues from the proprioceptive and vestibular systems. Here, we assess how dysfunction of the vestibular system impacts perceived SOD in varying vestibular disorders, and secondly, we explore the effects of dizziness, migraine and psychological symptoms on SOD ability in patient and control groups. Methods: 87 patients with vestibular disorder and 69 control subjects were assessed with validated symptom and SOD questionnaires (Santa Barbara Sense of Direction scale and the Object Perspective test). Results: While patients with vestibular disorders performed significantly worse than controls at the group level, only central and functional disorders (vestibular migraine and persistent postural perceptual dizziness), not peripheral disorders (benign-paroxysmal positional vertigo, bilateral vestibular failure and Meniere's disease) showed significant differences compared to controls on the level of individual vestibular groups. Additionally, orientational abilities associated strongly with spatial anxiety and showed clear separation from general dizziness and psychological factors in both patient and control groups. Conclusions: SOD appears to be less affected by peripheral vestibular dysfunction than by functional and/or central diagnoses, indicating that higher level disruptions to central vestibular processing networks may impact SOD more than reductions in sensory peripheral inputs. Additionally, spatial anxiety is highly associated with orientational abilities in both patients and control subjects

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