Artículos Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud

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Browsing Artículos Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud by Subject "22q11 deletion syndrome"

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    Abnormal nodal and global network organization in resting state functional MRI from subjects with the 22q11 deletion syndrome
    (2021) Pelgrim, Teuntje A.D.; Bosson, Matthijs G.; Cuiza, Analía; Alliende, Luz María; Mena, Carlos; Tepper, Angeles; Ramirez‑Mahaluf, Juan Pablo; Iruretagoyena, Bárbara; Ornstein, Claudia; Fritsch, Rosemarie; Cruz, Juan Pablo; Tejos, Cristian; Repetto, Gabriela; Crossley, Nicolás
    The 22q11 deletion syndrome is a genetic disorder associated with a high risk of developing psychosis, and is therefore considered a neurodevelopmental model for studying the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Studies have shown that localized abnormal functional brain connectivity is present in 22q11 deletion syndrome like in schizophrenia. However, it is less clear whether these abnormal cortical interactions lead to global or regional network disorganization as seen in schizophrenia. We analyzed from a graph-theory perspective fMRI data from 40 22q11 deletion syndrome patients and 67 healthy controls, and reconstructed functional networks from 105 brain regions. Between-group differences were examined by evaluating edge-wise strength and graph theoretical metrics of local (weighted degree, nodal efficiency, nodal local efficiency) and global topological properties (modularity, local and global efficiency). Connectivity strength was globally reduced in patients, driven by a large network comprising 147 reduced connections. The 22q11 deletion syndrome network presented with abnormal local topological properties, with decreased local efficiency and reductions in weighted degree particularly in hub nodes. We found evidence for abnormal integration but intact segregation of the 22q11 deletion syndrome network. Results suggest that 22q11 deletion syndrome patients present with similar aberrant local network organization as seen in schizophrenia, and this network configuration might represent a vulnerability factor to psychosis.
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    Source-based morphometry reveals structural brain pattern abnormalities in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
    (2024) Repetto, Gabriela; Ge, Ruiyang; Ching, Christopher; Bassett, Anne; Kushan, Leila; Antshe, Kevin; Van Amelsvoort, Therese; Bakker, Geor; Butcher, Nancy; Campbell, Linda; Chow, Eva; Craig, Michael; Crossley, Nicolas; Cunningham, Adam; Daly, Eileen; Doherty, Joanne; Durdle, Courtney; Emanuel, Beverly; Fiksinski, Ania; Forsyth, Jennifer; Fremont, Wanda; Goodrich-Hunsaker, Naomi; Gudbrandsen, Maria; Gur, Raquel; Jalbrzikowski, Maria; Kates, Wendy; Lin, Amy; Linden, David; McCabe, Kathryn; McDonald, Donna; Moss, Hayley; Murphy, Declan; Murphy, Kieran; Owen, Michael; Villalon, Julio; Roalf, David; Ruparel, Kosha; Schmitt, J. Eric; Schuite, Sanne; Angkustsiri, Kathleen
    22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is the most frequently occurring microdeletion in humans. It is associated with a significant impact on brain structure, including prominent reductions in gray matter volume (GMV), and neuropsychiatric manifestations, including cognitive impairment and psychosis. It is unclear whether GMV alterations in 22q11DS occur according to distinct structural patterns. Then, 783 participants (470 with 22q11DS: 51% females, mean age [SD] 18.2 [9.2]; and 313 typically developing [TD] controls: 46% females, mean age 18.0 [8.6]) from 13 datasets were included in the present study. We segmented structural T1-weighted brain MRI scans and extracted GMV images, which were then utilized in a novel source-based morphometry (SBM) pipeline (SS-Detect) to generate structural brain patterns (SBPs) that capture co-varying GMV. We investigated the impact of the 22q11.2 deletion, deletion size, intelligence quotient, and psychosis on the SBPs. Seventeen GMV-SBPs were derived, which provided spatial patterns of GMV covariance associated with a quantitative metric (i.e., loading score) for analysis. Patterns of topographically widespread differences in GMV covariance, including the cerebellum, discriminated individuals with 22q11DS from healthy controls. The spatial extents of the SBPs that revealed disparities between individuals with 22q11DS and controls were consistent with the findings of the univariate voxel-based morphometry analysis. Larger deletion size was associated with significantly lower GMV in frontal and occipital SBPs; however, history of psychosis did not show a strong relationship with these covariance patterns. 22q11DS is associated with distinct structural abnormalities captured by topographical GMV covariance patterns that include the cerebellum. Findings indicate that structural anomalies in 22q11DS manifest in a nonrandom manner and in distinct covarying anatomical patterns, rather than a diffuse global process. These SBP abnormalities converge with previously reported cortical surface area abnormalities, suggesting disturbances of early neurodevelopment as the most likely underlying mechanism.

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