Browsing by Author "Valenzuela, Daniela"
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Publication Acceptability, feasibility and fidelity of the culturally adapted version of Unplugged (“Yo Se Lo Que Quiero”), a substance use preventive program among adolescents in Chile: a pilot randomized controlled study(2024) Salgado, Gabriel; Gaete, Jorge; Gana Gajardo, Sofia; Valenzuela, Daniela; Araya, RicardoIntroduction: The consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis is a public health problem that impacts the cognitive, social, and emotional development of adolescents. Prevention strategies such as the "Unplugged" program are effective in delaying the progression of daily smoking and episodes of drunkenness among adolescents. "Yo Se Lo Que Quiero" (YSLQQ) corresponds to the adaptation of this program to the Chilean context. This study assesses the acceptability and feasibility of implementing this program to the local reality. Material and methods: This was a cluster-randomized controlled pilot study conducted on six public schools. All consented students attending 6th, 7th, and 8th grades (n = 1,180) participated in the study. The schools were randomly assigned to one of two conditions in a 1:1 ratio: (1) the "YSLQQ" intervention group (n = 526), and (2) the Control group (n = 654). The program consisted of a 12-hour class-based curriculum based on a comprehensive social-influence approach delivered by a trained facilitator. The acceptability and feasibility were assessed in the intervention group at the end of the intervention using questionnaires answered by students and facilitators. The quality and fidelity of the program were evaluated during the implementation using self-ported surveys answered by the facilitators and the assessment of video-recorded sessions rated by external observers. Finally, a pre-test and a post-test survey assessing past and current substance use and risk and protective factors were conducted before and immediately after the program's implementation. Results: A high proportion of students (49.6%) liked the sessions. 79.2% reported that the YSLQQ helped them learn about the dangers of substances, while 65.8% reported having more skills to avoid substance use in the future. Regarding students' satisfaction with YSLQQ, 62.9% reported being happy or very happy with the program. Facilitators reported implementing the intervention according to the manual in 73.9% of sessions. Regarding substance use, students who participated in the intervention groups reported a significant reduction in drunkenness in the last year and last 30-day prevalence and also a significant reduction in a lifetime and 30-day prevalence of cannabis use when compared with those students in the control group. Conclusions: Our results suggest that YSLQQ has adequate acceptability and feasibility to be implemented in the Chilean context, and there were promising results in reducing drunkenness and cannabis use. Future research should confirm these results in a larger RCT study.Publication Comparación de la Técnica de Socket Shield y el Protocolo Convencional de Implante Inmediato para la Rehabilitación de Dientes Anteriores: Análisis Crítico de una Revisión Sistemática(2024) Valenzuela, Daniela; Jofré J., Jorge; Asenjo-Lobos, ClaudiaThe Socket Shield Technique (SST), a procedure utilized in dental implantology, entails retaining a section of the natural tooth root (the socket shield) in place when an adjacent tooth is extracted, and an implant is placed in the same area. While the technique presents certain advantages, numerous investigations into SST lack of well-designed prospective randomized clinical trials at long term, compromising the credibility and reliability of their findings. The objective of this study was to critically appraise and grade the level of evidence of a systematic review that compare the SST with the conventional immediate implant protocol (CIIP) for anterior tooth rehabilitation. A recent systematic review was appraised to assess the quality and consistency of the study findings. This assessment utilized the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) to facilitate the application of research results to clinical practice decision-making. The assessment of the quality and reliability of the systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that the evidence obtained from the study was graded with a strength of recommendation B and a level of evidence 2. SST seems to be a feasible procedure. However, there is insufficient evidence to recommend this technique as an alternative to CIIP in daily practice. Evidence from long-term studies with proper methodology and an adequate sample size is needed to support socket shield technique as an alternative treatment to the conventional immediate implant protocol.Publication Mental training in dentistry: A scoping review(2023) Jofré, Jorge; Michel, Manuel; Quintana, Paula; Fuentes, Jeannette; Conrady, Yuri; Valenzuela, Daniela; Asenjo, ClaudiaIntroduction: Clinical motor skills are essential to train dental students. There is evidence that imagery serves to acquire and improve motor skills, but there is scarce information on its application in dental education. In order to broadly map the available evidence and to detect knowledge gaps in the mental training used to develop motor skills in dentistry, a scoping review was conducted. Materials and methods: A structured search was conducted to identify relevant references from the Web of Science, Scopus and MEDLINE/PubMed databases for studies addressing mental training methods applied to develop motor skills in dentistry. Results: A total of 758 articles were screened and four were selected, all of which were randomized clinical trials. Three studies investigated the effectiveness of visual imagery, and one investigated kinesthetic imagery. The research theme identified was motor skill acquisition. Conclusion: The reviewed studies indicate the usefulness of mental training for skill acquisition in dentistry. To improve the generalizability of the results, further research with standardized mental training on motor skills in dentistry is needed.Item The Unplugged program in Chile (“Yo Sé Lo Que Quiero”) for substance use prevention among early adolescents: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial(2022) Gaete, Jorge; Ramírez, Saray; Gana, Sofía; Valenzuela, Daniela; Araya, RicardoBackground Substance use is among the main contributors to disease among children and adolescents in the Americas region. The call for effective prevention of substance use among adolescents has resulted in numerous school-based programs, and particularly the Unplugged program has been proved to be successful in reducing the prevalence of different substances in seven European countries. The purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness of the Unplugged program in Chile (“Yo Sé Lo Que Quiero”). Methods This is a cluster randomized controlled trial, parallel-group type, where “Yo Sé Lo Que Quiero” is compared to standard school preventive curricula in control schools. A total of 70 schools and 8400 adolescents are expected to be randomized with 1:1 allocation. During formative work, the Unplugged program was culturally adapted to Chile, and the instrument to assess the primary and secondary outcomes was validated. The effectiveness of this program will be assessed using the European Drug Addiction Prevention Trial Questionnaire (EU-Dap), measuring substance use prevalence and risk and protective factors in baseline, post-intervention, and four months after the end of the intervention. Discussion The proposed study will be the first to test the effectiveness of a school-based substance use prevention program in Chile in a cluster randomized control trial and the first study evaluating the Unplugged program in Spanish-speaking Latin America. A model for disseminating the Unplugged program inside Europe already exists and has been implemented successfully in several countries. Thus, if the effects of the program are positive, wide implementation in Chile and Latin American countries is possible soon.