Browsing by Author "Urrutia Mosquera, Jorge"
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Item A maximum entropy optimization model for origin-destination trip matrix estimation with fuzzy entropic parameters(2021) López-Ospina, Héctor; Cortés, Cristián E.; Pérez, Juan; Peña, Romario; Figueroa-García, Juan Carlos; Urrutia Mosquera, JorgeWe formulate a bi-objective distribution model for urban trips constrained by origins and destinations while maximizing entropy. We develop a flexible and consistent approach in which the estimations of generated/attracted parameters are fuzzy with entropic membership functions. Based on a fuzzy-entropy approach, we measure the uncertainty associated with fuzzy variables. We solve the problem by means of compromise programming considering a weighted sum objective function. We compute and extend concepts such as accessibility, attractiveness, and generalized cost, typically obtained in transport economic analyzes. Considering that our formulation is convex, we solve the problem in one step only, maintaining the uniqueness of the the optimization problem solution. We present two numerical examples to illustrate the proposed methodology, analyzing the impact of the results based on strong mathematical and statistical arguments. Finally, we show that our approach has better prediction capabilities than traditional fuzzy models regarding aggregated indicators and structural distribution patterns.Item Impact of fiscal incentives in the consumption of low emission vehicles(2021) Urrutia Mosquera, Jorge; Fábrega Lacoa, JorgeDue to the high emissions produced by the transportation sector, one of the most implemented policies worldwide is the economic incentive to purchase electric and hybrid vehicles. The adoption of these policies in developing countries is scarce or null and there are no studies that investigate the impact of economic incentives in the potential demand for low emission vehicles. This paper covers this gap. Using data from a stated preference experiment in Santiago of Chile, specifically built to collect individuals’ preferences for incentives to low emission vehicles, a mixed logit model was estimated and results used to compute willingness to pay. In parallel, a contingent evaluation experiment was conducted to elicit individuals’ willingness to pay under two specific policies, involving different ways to provide fiscal incentives. Results shows that individuals are more sensitive to autonomy and incentives in the case of electric vehicles in relation to conventional/hybrid type. Likewise, results show that for an exemption from VAT payment and any type of sales and purchase tax, 72% of individuals would be willing to purchase an electric vehicle, and 76% of individuals would be willing to purchase a hybrid vehicle, waiting for an adequate incentive policy for itItem Tolerancia a la diversidad y segregación residencial. Una adaptación del modelo de segregación de Schelling con tres grupos sociales(2017) Urrutia Mosquera, Jorge; López-Ospina, Héctor; Sabatini, Francisco; Rasse, AlejandraUsually, segregation is conceptualized as the consequence of people's preferences to live close to people similar to them. However, evidence shows something different. While it is true that people want to have neighbors such as themselves, the intensity of this preference—the proportion of similar neighbors they desire to have – varies among individuals and groups. Nonetheless, following Schelling (1971), the aggregated result of people's interaction in the land market generates levels of segregation higher than individual preferences. This article explores a variation of the Schelling model: While the original model works with two groups, this paper incorporates a third social group, to which it is indifferent to contact with the other two groups. Results show that the presence of this third group generates a decrease of levels of segregation in the city, favoring residential integration.