Browsing by Author "Torres, Marisa"

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    Brotes de salmonelosis y el tamaño y rol del Estado en Chile
    (Sociedad Chilena de Infectología, 2012) Fica, Alberto; Acosta-Jamett, Gerardo; Dabanch, Jeannette; Perret, Cecilia; Torres, Marisa; Lopez, Javier; Jofre, Leonor; Weitzel, Thomas; Comité de Infecciones Emergentes de la Sociedad Chilena de Infectología
    During year 2011 two outbreaks of Salmonella infection captured media attention in the Metropolitan Area (MA) in Chile: one of typhoid fever associated to Salmonella serotype Typhi, and the other, of gastroenteritis related to Salmonella serotype Enteritidis, both with decreasing or stable rates in the previous years. The aim of this work is to analyze probable causes of their reemergence. Methods: Several government websites were searched looking for epidemiological data. Results: Typhoid fever rates have declined to current values of 1 case per 100.000 habitants, a decreased associated to improvements in the human development index. The typhoid outbreak was associated to a predominant clone within the MA. The only risk factor identified was consumption of raw vegetables acquired in open fairs, but without identifying a common source. Despite improvements in disease notification and molecular epidemiology capabilities, this outbreak is coincidental with a reduced number of food inspection visits in the MA, probably explained by the limited personnel available for this task. In the case of Salmonella Enteritidis, rates have increased twice since 1998 (5.3 to 10.7 per 100.000 habitants) with an important increase in the number of outbreaks linked to this agent (7 to 31 annual outbreaks) since year 2005. Persistence of this problem is probably associated to the low surveillance of poultry farms made by the Chilean state, to the absence of a cold chain during collection, distribution and selling of eggs, and to the lack of an educational program directed to the population. The recent regulation that bans home-made mayonnaise in restaurant or fast food stores is an important advance that requires further evaluation. Conclusions: The persistence and reemergence of different kind of Salmonellosis in Chile suggests chronic problems on the size and role of the Chilean state regarding food safety.
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    Prevalencia de leptospirosis en adultos Chile, 2003
    (2012) Terrazas, Solana; Olea, Andrea; Riedemann, Stella; Torres, Marisa
    Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonosis endemic in some regions in Chile. Since its inclusion into the list of notifiable diseases, the Chilean Ministry of Health was able to maintain an adequate surveillance of leptospirosis. Nonetheless, some cases are not reported due to subclinical disease or nonspecific symptoms. Objectives: Determine the national prevalence of leptospirosis and assess the epidemiological characteristics of seropositive individuals. Methods: Secondary data analysis of the National Health Survey, 2003. Results: National prevalence was 0.4%. Low socioeconomical status and female gender were characteristics, which were more frequently found in seropositive cases. The most common serovars were icterohaemorrhagiae, bratislava and pomona. Conclusion: We present the first epidemiological analysis of leptospirosis on a national level in Chile. Thus, the study contributes to the knowledge the epidemiological situation of this disease in Chile

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