Browsing by Author "Ruiz, Carolina"
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Item Actitud hacia la enfermedad mental en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad del Desarrollo sede Santiago(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela de Enfermería, 2019) Colil, Claudia; Concha, Xaviera; Rodríguez-Rivas, Matías; Ruiz, Carolina; Vargas, Constanza; Fuentes, DanielaObjetivo: Describir actitudes hacia las enfermedades mentales en estudiantes de Medicina de primer a cuarto año de la Universidad del Desarrollo sede Santiago. Metodología: Se realizó estudio cualitativo de estudio de casos. Se realizaron 12 entrevistas semiestructuradas a los estudiantes de Medicina. Resultados: Actitudes demostradas fueron: actitud empática y benevolente, frustración, indiferencia y rechazo, incertidumbre y miedo, tolerancia y aceptación social. Componentes normativos encontrados: grupos de amigos y familia, pares universitarios y sociedad en general. Experiencias que poseen hacia la enfermedad mental: experiencias de amigos y familiares, extracurriculares y práctica clínica. Discusión: Los resultados encontrados fueron concordantes con literatura revisada. Como transversal hallazgo es la actitud de miedo e incertidumbre a la conducta de los pacientes. Las actitudes de empatía y benevolencia se ven acentuadas en los primeros años de carrera. Aceptación social y tolerancia se acentúa en tercer y cuarto año. La frustración se encuentra de manera transversal. Las actitudes de rechazo e indiferencia son menos comunes. La mayoría de los estudiantes modelan su actitud positivamente con componentes normativos familiares, amigos y pares universitarios. A nivel de sociedad general, describen sentir presión al actuar. La experiencia con amigos y familiares afectados con patologías psiquiátricas influye en una actitud positiva. Conclusiones: Se pudo conocer y describir las actitudes de los estudiantes de medicina de primer a cuarto año respecto a la enfermedad mental, se pudo indagar el componente normativo y la experiencia en diferentes ámbitos.Publication Continuous prolonged prone positioning in COVID‑19‑related ARDS: a multicenter cohort study from Chile(2022) Cornejo, Rodrigo; Montoya, Jorge; Gajardo, Abraham; Graf, Jerónimo; Alegría, Leyla; Baghetti, Romyna; Irarrázaval, Anita; Santis, César; Pavez, Nicolás; Leighton, Sofía; Tomicic, Vinko; Morales, Daniel; Ruiz, Carolina; Navarrete, Pablo; Vargas, Patricio; Gálvez, Roberto; Espinosa, Victoria; Lazo, Marioli; Pérez Araos, Rodrigo; Garay, Osvaldo; Sepúlveda, Patrick; Martínez, Edgardo; Bruhn, Alejandro; SOCHIMI Prone-COVID-19 GroupBackground: Prone positioning is currently applied in time-limited daily sessions up to 24 h which determines that most patients require several sessions. Although longer prone sessions have been reported, there is scarce evidence about the feasibility and safety of such approach. We analyzed feasibility and safety of a continuous prolonged prone positioning strategy implemented nationwide, in a large cohort of COVID-19 patients in Chile. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients with moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), conducted in 15 Intensive Care Units, which adhered to a national protocol of continuous prone sessions ≥ 48 h and until PaO2:FiO2 increased above 200 mm Hg. The number and extension of prone sessions were registered, along with relevant physiologic data and adverse events related to prone positioning. The cohort was stratified according to the first prone session duration: Group A, 2-3 days; Group B, 4-5 days; and Group C, > 5 days. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to assess whether the duration of prone sessions could impact safety. Results: We included 417 patients who required a first prone session of 4 (3-5) days, of whom 318 (76.3%) received only one session. During the first prone session the main adverse event was grade 1-2 pressure sores in 97 (23.9%) patients; severe adverse events were infrequent with 17 non-scheduled extubations (4.2%). 90-day mortality was 36.2%. Ninety-eight patients (24%) were classified as group C; they exhibited a more severe ARDS at baseline, as reflected by lower PaO2:FiO2 ratio and higher ventilatory ratio, and had a higher rate of pressure sores (44%) and higher 90-day mortality (48%). However, after adjustment for severity and several relevant confounders, prone session duration was not associated with mortality or pressure sores. Conclusions: Nationwide implementation of a continuous prolonged prone positioning strategy for COVID-19 ARDS patients was feasible. Minor pressure sores were frequent but within the ranges previously described, while severe adverse events were infrequent. The duration of prone session did not have an adverse effect on safety.Item Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for COVID-19–associated Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Chile(2021) Díaz, Rodrigo A.; Graf, Jerónimo; Zambrano, José M.; Ruiz, Carolina; Espinoza, Juan A.; Bravo, Sebastián I.; Salazar, Pablo A.; Bahamondes, Juan C.; Castillo, Luis B.; Gajardo, Abraham I.J.; Kursbaum, Andrés; Ferreira, Leonila L.; Valenzuela, Josefa; Castillo, Roberto E.; Pérez-Araos, Rodrigo; Bravo, Marcela; Aquevedo, Andrés F.; González, Mauricio G.; Pereira, Rodrigo; Ortega, Leandro; Santis, Cesar; Fernández, Paula A.; Cortés, Vilma; Cornejo, Rodrigo A.Rationale: The role of and needs for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) at a population level during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic have not been completely established. Objectives: To identify the cumulative incidence of ECMO use in the first pandemic wave and to describe the Nationwide Chilean cohort of ECMO-supported patients with COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a population-based study from March 3 to August 31, 2020, using linked data from national agencies. The cumulative incidence of ECMO use and mortality risk of ECMO-supported patients were calculated and age standardized. In addition, a retrospective cohort analysis was performed. Outcomes were 90-day mortality after ECMO initiation, ECMO-associated complications, and hospital length of stay. Cox regression models were used to explore risk factors for mortality in a time-to-event analysis. Measurements and Main Results: Ninety-four patients with COVID-19 were supported with ECMO (0.42 per population of 100,000, 14.89 per 100,000 positive cases, and 1.2% of intubated patients with COVID-19); 85 were included in the cohort analysis, and the median age was 48 (interquartile range [IQR], 41-55) years, 83.5% were men, and 42.4% had obesity. The median number of pre-ECMO intubation days was 4 (IQR, 2-7), the median PaO2/FiO2 ratio was 86.8 (IQR, 64-99) mm Hg, 91.8% of patients were prone positioned, and 14 patients had refractory respiratory acidosis. Main complications were infections (70.6%), bleeding (38.8%), and thromboembolism (22.4%); 52 patients were discharged home, and 33 died. The hospital length of stay was a median of 50 (IQR, 24-69) days. Lower respiratory system compliance and higher driving pressure before ECMO initiation were associated with increased mortality. A duration of pre-ECMO intubation ≥10 days was not associated with mortality. Conclusions: Documenting nationwide ECMO needs may help in planning ECMO provision for future COVID-19 pandemic waves. The 90-day mortality of the Chilean cohort of ECMO-supported patients with COVID-19 (38.8%) is comparable to that of previous reports.