Browsing by Author "Rollán, Antonio"

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    Diagnóstico de intolerancia a la lactosa en adultos: rendimiento comparativo de la clínica, test de hidrógeno espirado y test genético
    (Sociedad Medica de Santiago, 2012) Rollán, Antonio; Vial, Cecilia; Quesada, Soledad; Espinoza, Karena; Hatton, Mary; Puga, Alonso; Repetto, Gabriela
    Background: Genetically programmed adult-type hypolactasia affects 56% of Chilean population. Ideally, diagnosis should be confirmed. Aim: To compare diagnostic yield of genetic test, hydrogen (H2) expiratory test and a validated symptomatic structured survey (SS). Material and Methods: Patients submitted to H2 test answered a historic (anamnestic) and current SS (after the ingestion of 25 g of lactose). A blood sample was obtained for determination of genetic polymorphisms C/T_13910, C/G_13907 and G/A_22018 by polymerase chain reaction. The gold standard for diagnosis of lactose intolerance (LI) was the agreement of at least two of three tests. Results: Sixty-one participants aged 39 ± 12 years (21 males), were studied. Anamnestic SS was diagnostic of LI in all cases (score > 7), while current SS detected LI in 27/61 (46%). H2 test (an increase > 15 ppm after ingestion of 25 g of lactose) showed LI in 31/61 (51%). The locus C/G_13907 showed no polymorphism and locus G/A_22018 was in complete linkage disequilibrium with C/T_13910. Genotype C/C_13910, associated to hypolactasia, was present in 30/58 (52%). According to the gold-standard, 32/61 (52.5%) patients were diagnosed as LI. Sensitivity and specificity were, respectively, 79% and 69% for current SS, 93% and 93% for H2 test and 97% and 93% for the genetic test. The last two showed a positive likelihood ratio (LR) > 10 and a negative LR < 0.1, figures within the range considered clinically useful. Conclusions: Genotype C/C_13910 is responsible for hypolactasia in this population. Anamnestic report of symptoms after milk ingestion and symptoms after lactose ingestion, are not accurate enough. H2 and genetic tests are simple and similarly accurate to diagnose lactose intolerance in adults.
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    Diagnóstico precoz de cáncer gástrico. Propuesta de detección y seguimiento de lesiones premalignas gástricas: protocolo ACHED
    (Sociedad Médica de Santiago, 2014) Rollán, Antonio; Cortés, Pablo; Calvo, Alfonso; Araya, Raúl; Bufadel, María Ester; González, Robinson; Heredia, Carolina; Muñoz, Pablo; Squella, Freddy; Nazal, Roberto; Gatica, María de los Ángeles; Gobelet, Jaquelina; Estay, René; Pisano, Raúl; Contreras, Luis; Osorio, Ingrid; Estela, Ricardo; Fluxá, Fernando; Parra-Blanco, Adolfo
    An expert panel analyzed the available evidence and reached a consensus to release 24 recommendations for primary and secondary prevention of gastric cancer (CG) in symptomatic patients, with indication for upper GI endoscopy. The main recommendations include (1) Search for and eradicate H. pylori infection in all cases. (2) Systematic gastric biopsies (Sydney protocol) in all patients over 40 years of age or first grade relatives of patient with CG, to detect gastric atrophy, intestinal metaplasia or dysplasia. (3) Incorporate the OLGA system (Operative Link on Gastritis Assessment) to the pathological report, to categorize the individual risk of CG. (4) Schedule endoscopic follow-up according to the estimated risk of CG, namely annual for OLGA III- IV, every 3 years for OLGA I- II or persistent H. pylori infection, every 5 years for CG relatives without other risk factors and no follow-up for OLGA 0, H. pylori (-). (4) Establish basic human and material resources for endoscopic follow-up programs, including some essential administrative processes, and (5 ) Suggest the early CG/total CG diagnosis ratio of each institution and the proportion of systematic recording of endoscopic images, as quality indicators. These measures are applicable using currently available resources, they can complement any future screening programs for asymptomatic population and may contribute to improve the prognosis of CG in high-risk populations
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    Endoscopic band ligation versus propranolol for the primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients with high risk esophageal varices
    (2010) Pérez-Ayuso, Rosa María; Valderrama, Sebastián; Espinoza, Manuel; Rollán, Antonio; Sánchez, René; Otarola, Francisco; Medina, Brenda; Riquelme, Arnoldo
    Background. Gastroesophageal variceal bleeding is a common complication of portal hypertension. Currentguidelines recommend β-blockers for primary prophylaxis. However, evidence suggests that endoscopic va-riceal ligation (EVL) reduce bleeding episodes. Aims. To compare endoscopic EVL with propranolol (PPL)for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding. Methods. We conducted a randomized controlled trial. Over a9-year period, 75 patients with cirrhosis and high-risk esophageal varices (HREV) were recruited and alloca-ted to EVL (n=39) or PPL (n=36). Primary outcome was variceal bleeding. Secondary outcomes were survi-val, source of bleeding and serious adverse events. Analyses were made by intention-to-treat. Results.Baseline characteristics were similar. Medium follow-up was 1647±1096 days. Complete follow-up wasachieved in 85% of patients. Variceal bleeding occurred in 12% of EVL and in 25% of PPL group (p=0.17).The actuarial risks of bleeding after 2 years were similar in both groups. Overall mortality was 51% in EVLand 33% in PPL group (p=0.17). Patients in the EVL group showed a lower rate of esophageal variceal blee-ding (5.1% v/s 25%, p=0.027) and a higher rate of subcardial variceal bleeding compared with PPL group(7.7% v/s 0%, p=0.027). Serious adverse events related to EVL occurred in 2 patients, including 1 death.Conclusions. The present study supports that PPL should be considered the first choice in primary pro-phylaxis of variceal bleeding offering similar effects and lower severe adverse events compared with EVL
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    Experiencia de educación continua en línea en gastroenterología para médicos no especialistas
    (2019) Isbej, Lorena; Uribe, Javier; Carrasco, Olga; Villarroel, Isaac; Pizarro, Margarita; Jirón, María Isabel; Sanhueza, Edgar; Álvarez, Manuel; Hernández, Cristián; Díaz, Luis; Cerda, María; Kramer, Tomás; Munizaga, Fernando; Riquelme, Arnoldo; Rollán, Antonio; Monsalve, Ximena
    Background: Continuing education is essential for health professions and online courses can be a good way for professional development. Aim: To describe the experience with online courses for continuing education in hepatology and gastroenterology and to analyze their educational impact. Material and methods: A three years' experience in courses on liver diseases and digestive tract is described. Their curricular design, methodology, and the educational impact was analyzed using the four levels of the Kirkpatrick's model. Results: On average, there were 321 students per course (2015-2017). 94% were Chilean and 6% from abroad (20 countries). In the educational impact analysis, in level 1 "reaction": 93% said that the course fulfilled their expectations and 92% would recommend it. In level 2 "learning": 42% approved the courses. Level 3 "behavior" was not evaluated and level 4 "organizational change" highlighted that the traditional face-to-face continuing education model of Chilean Gastroenterology Society (SChG) changed to full distance model in these three courses, with 1284 students from South America, Asia and Europe, in a 3-years-period. Additionally, these programs were included in the Medical Society of Santiago (SMS) continuing education agenda. Conclusions: The alliance between the SMS and the SChG generated on line courses that meet the educational needs of physicians and medical students, with excellent results and student perception.
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    Infección por Helicobacter pylori en pacientes sintomáticos con patología gastroduodenal benigna. Análisis de 5.664 pacientes
    (2010) Rollán, Antonio; RIQUELME, ARNOLDO; PADILLA, OSLANDO; VILLARROEL, LUIS; NILSEN, EVA; PRUYAS, MARTHA; VERDUGO, PATRICIA; CALVO, ALFONSO; Espino, Alberto; ORTEGA, JUAN PABLO
    Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is highly prevalent in Chile, but there are no systematic studies in patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Aim: To determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection, according to age, gender and endoscopic pathology in a large sample of patients. Methods: We studied 7,893 symptomatic patients submitted to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy between July 1996 and December 2003 in the context of a screening program of gastric cancer in a high risk population. H. pylori infection was determined by rapid urease test (RUT) in antral mucosa. We excluded 158 patients with gastric cancer (2%) and 2,071 patients without RUT. Results: We included 5,664 patients, mean age 50.7 ± 13.9 years, women 72.1%. Endoscopic diagnoses were normal in 59.3%, erosive esophagitis in 20%, gastric ulcer (GU) in 8.1%, duodenal ulcer (DU) in 6.4%, and erosive gastropathy in 6.2%. RUT was positive in 78% of patients. After adjusting for age and sex and with respect to patients with normal endoscopy, frequency of H. pylori infection was 86.6% in DU (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.5-2.8, p < 0.001); 81.4% in GU (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4-2.4; p < 0.001 ); 79.9% in erosive gastropathy (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.03-1.8; p = 0.03) and 77.4% in erosive esophagitis (OR 1.1, 95% CI: 0.9-1.3; p = NS). The probability of H. pylori infection decreased significantly with age, more markedly in men with normal endoscopy. Conclusions: Prevalence of H. pylori infection is very high in symptomatic Chilean patients and even higher in those with gastroduodenal ulcer or erosions, while in patients with erosive esophagitis is similar to those with normal endoscopy. The frequency of infection decreases with age, probably as a consequence of rising frequency of gastric mucosal atrophy

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