DSpace Repository :: Browsing by Author "Rojas, Daniela"

Browsing by Author "Rojas, Daniela"

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Areas de Conservación en Chile y en Derecho Comparado
(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Derecho, 2024) Rojas, Daniela; Alburquenque, Winston
La presente Tesina, elabora un listado de proyectos en los cuales el SEIA, analiza los Estudios de Impacto Ambiental propuestos, calificando estos de forma favorable he indica a la vez que dicha aprobación consta de la obligatoriedad de que las compañías mineras, en este caso, determinen un área de conservación bajo su costo. Se analiza también la realidad Internacional.
Ethical Challenges Experienced by Healthcare Workers Delivering Clinical Care during Health Emergencies and Disasters: A Rapid Review of Qualitative Studies and Thematic Synthesis
(2022) Dittborn, Mariana; Micolich, Constanza; Rojas, Daniela; Salas, Sofía
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed several ethical challenges worldwide. Understanding care providers' experiences during health emergencies is key to develop comprehensive ethical guidelines for emergency and disaster circumstances.Objectives: To identify and synthetize available empirical data on ethical challenges experienced by health care workers (HCWs) providing direct patient care in health emergencies and disaster scenarios that occurred prior to COVID-19, considering there might be a significant body of evidence yet to be reported on the current pandemic.Methods: A rapid review of qualitative studies and thematic synthesis was conducted. Medline and Embase were searched from inception to December 2020 using "public health emergency" and "ethical challenges" related keywords. Empirical studies examining ethical challenges experienced by frontline HCWs during health emergencies or disasters were included. We considered that ethical challenges were present when participants and/or authors were uncertain regarding how one should behave, or when different values or ethical principles are compromised when making decisions.Outcome: After deduplication 10,160 titles/abstracts and 224 full texts were screened. Twenty-two articles were included, which were conducted in 15 countries and explored eight health emergency or disaster events. Overall, a total of 452 HCWs participants were included. Data were organized into five major themes with subthemes: HCWs' vulnerability, Duty to care, Quality of care, Management of healthcare system, and Sociocultural factors.Conclusion: HCWs experienced a great variety of clinical ethical challenges in health emergencies and disaster scenarios. Core themes identified provide evidence-base to inform the development of more comprehensive and supportive ethical guidelines and training programmes for future events, that are grounded on actual experiences of those providing care during emergency and disasters.
Knowledge, practice and communication barriers for oncology doctors in Chile when addressing the sexuality of their patients
(2024) Rojas, Daniela; Micolich, Constanza; Goset, Karen; Salas Ibarra, Sofía Patricia
Introduction: Communication in a doctor-patient relationship constitutes a crucial aspect in medicine, and its multiple dimensions encompass a wide variety of ethical issues. Communication is particularly relevant in oncology, because it requires continually dealing with sensitive topics in one of the most highly vulnerable situations as a human: illness and proximity to death. Sexuality is one of these topics because it constitutes an area that is frequently affected by cancer and cancer treatment, which may include causing significant distress, the reinforcement of a negative self-image, relationship conflicts and a permanent memory of having cancer. The objective of this research is to describe the perception of knowledge and communications practices used by oncology doctors with respect to sexual health in the care of their patients, as well as the barriers found when it comes to confronting the topic. Methods: An exploratory quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, in which a self-administered questionnaire was given to oncology doctors who practise in Chile. This questionnaire had 41 closed questions with answers on a Likert scale and was previously validated by being reviewed and applied to a pilot group of five professionals (one medical bioethics expert and four doctors in the field of oncology). The data were analysed with the SPSS statistical program v. 20, using descriptive statistics. Results: The main results show that the surveyed doctors consider sexuality to be an important part of patients' quality of life. However, this finding does not align with the practices given for including it as part of clinical care. The professionals refer as the main barriers those that are attributed to the structural functioning of the institution, giving little value to those barriers related to personal aspects or those associated with patient characteristics and/or behaviors. Conclusion: The results of this study show that, despite oncology doctors seeing sexuality as an important aspect of the quality of life of their patients, they do not include the topic in clinical care. Given that one of the main barriers is obstacles relating to the institution, it is necessary to create political institutions that create the conditions for including this area as a relevant part of cancer patient care.
Los silencios de la educación sexual chilena: análisis y reflexión de sus principales falencias
(2026) Almonacid, Javiera; García, Valentina; Ruiz, Camila; Wichmann, Nicole; Rojas, Daniela; Hernández, Alejandro
En Chile la Educación Sexual Integral ha avanzado tanto en normativas como en leyes, especialmente la Ley 20.418, que garantiza la educación sexual como derecho de todos los estudiantes de establecimientos públicos y/o privados. Sin embargo, existen brechas en la implementación de programas escolares caracterizados por una falta de profundidad en los contenidos relacionados con la afectividad, así como también falta de estandarización en la formación de docentes y una limitación caracterizada por un pluralismo de programas de educación sexual que no garantizan una correcta implementación. La evidencia revela nuevos desafíos en la implementación de la Educación Sexual Integral en Chile. Se requiere la creación de políticas públicas y programas integrales liderados por profesionales de salud, especialmente matronas y matrones, que permitan además abrir nuevas oportunidades para investigaciones que fortalezcan el rol en educación y formación docente con enfoque en derechos sexuales y reproductivos. In Chile Comprehensive Sexuality Education has made significant progress in terms of regulations and legislation, particularly Law 20.418, which guarantees sexuality education as a right for all students in public and private schools. However, gaps exist in the implementation of school programs, characterized by a lack of depth in content related to emotional development, a lack of standardization in teacher training, and a plurality of sexuality education programs that do not guarantee proper implementation. Evidence reveals new challenges in the implementation of Comprehensive Sexuality Education in Chile. The creation of comprehensive public policies and programs led by health professionals, especially midwives, is required. These programs should also open new opportunities for research that strengthens the role of education and teacher training with a focus on sexual and reproductive rights.
Más allá de los años: reflexiones sobre sexualidad y bienestar en la vejez
(2026) Cea, Tamara; Rea, Fernanda; Rojas, Antonia; Seguel, Javiera; Solís, Catalina; Rojas, Daniela; Hernández, Alejandro
El envejecimiento poblacional plantea desafíos significativos para la calidad de vida y la atención integral de las personas mayores. En Chile, aunque existen programas orientados a este grupo, persisten vacíos en la dimensión sexoafectiva, invisibilizada por mitos y estigmas que asocian la vejez con ausencia de sexualidad. La literatura evidencia que la satisfacción sexual influye positivamente en el bienestar físico, emocional y social, siendo un componente esencial de la calidad de vida. Sin embargo, la falta de información, consejerías o educación sexual incrementa la vulnerabilidad frente a riesgos como infecciones de transmisión sexual. Los programas actuales, como los Centros Diurnos del Adulto Mayor, no incorporan explícitamente la sexualidad, limitando la respuesta del sistema de salud ante esta necesidad. Se requiere un enfoque integral que reconozca la sexualidad como parte del bienestar en la vejez. Population aging poses significant challenges to the quality of life and comprehensive care of older adults. In Chile, although programs exist for this group, gaps persist in the sexual and emotional dimension, rendered invisible by myths and stigmas that associate old age with a lack of sexuality. The literature shows that sexual satisfaction positively influences physical, emotional, and social well-being, making it an essential component of quality of life. However, the lack of information, counseling, and sex education increases vulnerability to risks such as sexually transmitted infections. Current programs, such as the Day Centers for Older Adults, do not explicitly incorporate sexuality, limiting the health system's response to this need. A comprehensive approach is required that recognizes sexuality as part of well-being in old age.
Palabras que cuidan: comunicación social ética y empática en cáncer
(Corporación Cáncer de Mama-Chile, “Yo Mujer”; Centro de Salud Global Intercultural ICIM, Universidad del Desarrollo, 2023) Rojas, Daniela; Cabieses, Báltica; Obach, Alexandra; Rodríguez, Cecilia
Este libro, difícil de definir: un manual sobre el cáncer, un compilado de valiosa información estadística, una guía pedagógica; es todo eso y más a la vez. Es un llamado a la reflexión y a la acción. Porque el derecho a la vida y por ende la salud, debería ser un derecho que no dependa del bolsillo de cada uno y eso en Chile no es así. En eso, como nos recuerdan las autoras, la Ley de Cáncer es un avance, pero necesario de mejorar.
Rol de la matronería en salud pélvica: La relevancia del examen uroginecológico en atención primaria de salud
(2025) Barrientos, Yenifer; Cárdenas, Yeniffer; Gallardo, Orly; González, Aracelly; Maturana, Aylin; Hernández, Alejandro; Rojas, Daniela
La salud pélvica de la mujer ha constituido un aspecto fundamental dentro de la atención primaria en salud. Sin embargo, en ocasiones los profesionales de la salud pueden detectar síntomas como pérdidas de orina, sensación de pesadez, dolor o molestias, que pasan a ser erróneamente atribuidos al envejecimiento o bien, ser subdiagnosticados. En este contexto, el examen uroginecológico constituye una herramienta clave ya que, mediante una anamnesis detallada y la exploración física que incluya la maniobra de Valsalva, inspección perineal y valoración del tono muscular permite detectar precozmente una incontinencia urinaria, incontinencia fecal y/o prolapsos de órganos pélvicos. Por ende, su incorporación en la práctica clínica de los profesionales de matronería, con enfoque integral, favorece la prevención, tratamiento oportuno y empoderamiento de la mujer, contribuyendo a mejorar su calidad de vida. Women's pelvic health has been a fundamental aspect of primary health care. However, healthcare professionals may occasionally detect symptoms such as urinary leakage, a feeling of heaviness, pain, or discomfort, which are mistakenly attributed to aging or underdiagnosed. In this context, the urogynecological examination is a key tool. Through a detailed history and physical examination that includes the Valsalva maneuver, perineal inspection, and assessment of muscle tone, it allows for the early detection of urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, and/or pelvic organ prolapse. Therefore, its incorporation into the clinical practice of midwifery professionals, with an interdisciplinary approach, promotes prevention, timely treatment, and empowerment of women, contributing to improving their quality of life.
Rol de matronería en la educación y prevención de disfunciones de piso pélvico en atención primaria de salud: un área pendiente en la adolescencia
(2026) Alvarado, Francisca; Barría, Rocío; Díaz, Michel; Saldivia, Pilar; Torres, Alanis; Rojas, Daniela; Hernández, Alejandro
Una de cada tres adolescentes vive con problemas de incontinencia urinaria sin saber que están relacionados con su piso pélvico. Tienden a normalizar los síntomas y, en consecuencia, le restan importancia a pesar del impacto que tienen en sus vidas. Este documento revela una brecha preocupante de la educación sobre la salud pélvica, la cual se centra casi exclusivamente en embarazadas, puérperas y mujeres mayores, dejando segregadas a las adolescentes. El profesional de la matronería en Atención Primaria de Salud puede cambiar esta realidad al constituirse como un agente clave, gracias a su formación y cercanía con la población adolescente. Su labor permite derribar tabúes, educar sobre anatomía básica, promover hábitos preventivos y detectar signos tempranos que puedan afectar al piso pélvico. Incluir el enfoque preventivo en la adolescencia permite prevenir futuras disfunciones del piso pélvico, mejorar la calidad de vida y reducir los costos sanitarios. One in three adolescent girls experiences urinary incontinence without realizing it's related to their pelvic floor.They tend to normalize the symptoms and, consequently, downplay their importance despite the impact they have on their lives. This document reveals a worrying gap in pelvic health education, which focuses almost exclusively on pregnant women, postpartum women, and older women, leaving adolescents marginalized. Midwives in Primary Health Care can change this reality by becoming key agents, thanks to their training and close relationship with the adolescent population. Their work allows them to break down taboos, educate on basic anatomy, promote preventative habits, and detect early signs that may affect the pelvic floor. Incorporating a preventative approach in adolescence helps prevent future pelvic floor dysfunction, improves quality of life, and reduces healthcare costs.

Browsing by Author "Rojas, Daniela"

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