Browsing by Author "Rojas, Daniela"
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Item Ethical Challenges Experienced by Healthcare Workers Delivering Clinical Care during Health Emergencies and Disasters: A Rapid Review of Qualitative Studies and Thematic Synthesis(2022) Dittborn, Mariana; Micolich, Constanza; Rojas, Daniela; Salas, SofíaBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed several ethical challenges worldwide. Understanding care providers' experiences during health emergencies is key to develop comprehensive ethical guidelines for emergency and disaster circumstances.Objectives: To identify and synthetize available empirical data on ethical challenges experienced by health care workers (HCWs) providing direct patient care in health emergencies and disaster scenarios that occurred prior to COVID-19, considering there might be a significant body of evidence yet to be reported on the current pandemic.Methods: A rapid review of qualitative studies and thematic synthesis was conducted. Medline and Embase were searched from inception to December 2020 using "public health emergency" and "ethical challenges" related keywords. Empirical studies examining ethical challenges experienced by frontline HCWs during health emergencies or disasters were included. We considered that ethical challenges were present when participants and/or authors were uncertain regarding how one should behave, or when different values or ethical principles are compromised when making decisions.Outcome: After deduplication 10,160 titles/abstracts and 224 full texts were screened. Twenty-two articles were included, which were conducted in 15 countries and explored eight health emergency or disaster events. Overall, a total of 452 HCWs participants were included. Data were organized into five major themes with subthemes: HCWs' vulnerability, Duty to care, Quality of care, Management of healthcare system, and Sociocultural factors.Conclusion: HCWs experienced a great variety of clinical ethical challenges in health emergencies and disaster scenarios. Core themes identified provide evidence-base to inform the development of more comprehensive and supportive ethical guidelines and training programmes for future events, that are grounded on actual experiences of those providing care during emergency and disasters.Publication Knowledge, practice and communication barriers for oncology doctors in Chile when addressing the sexuality of their patients(2024) Rojas, Daniela; Micolich, Constanza; Goset, Karen; Salas Ibarra, Sofía PatriciaIntroduction: Communication in a doctor-patient relationship constitutes a crucial aspect in medicine, and its multiple dimensions encompass a wide variety of ethical issues. Communication is particularly relevant in oncology, because it requires continually dealing with sensitive topics in one of the most highly vulnerable situations as a human: illness and proximity to death. Sexuality is one of these topics because it constitutes an area that is frequently affected by cancer and cancer treatment, which may include causing significant distress, the reinforcement of a negative self-image, relationship conflicts and a permanent memory of having cancer. The objective of this research is to describe the perception of knowledge and communications practices used by oncology doctors with respect to sexual health in the care of their patients, as well as the barriers found when it comes to confronting the topic. Methods: An exploratory quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, in which a self-administered questionnaire was given to oncology doctors who practise in Chile. This questionnaire had 41 closed questions with answers on a Likert scale and was previously validated by being reviewed and applied to a pilot group of five professionals (one medical bioethics expert and four doctors in the field of oncology). The data were analysed with the SPSS statistical program v. 20, using descriptive statistics. Results: The main results show that the surveyed doctors consider sexuality to be an important part of patients' quality of life. However, this finding does not align with the practices given for including it as part of clinical care. The professionals refer as the main barriers those that are attributed to the structural functioning of the institution, giving little value to those barriers related to personal aspects or those associated with patient characteristics and/or behaviors. Conclusion: The results of this study show that, despite oncology doctors seeing sexuality as an important aspect of the quality of life of their patients, they do not include the topic in clinical care. Given that one of the main barriers is obstacles relating to the institution, it is necessary to create political institutions that create the conditions for including this area as a relevant part of cancer patient care.Item Palabras que cuidan: comunicación social ética y empática en cáncer(Corporación Cáncer de Mama-Chile, “Yo Mujer”; Centro de Salud Global Intercultural ICIM, Universidad del Desarrollo, 2023) Rojas, Daniela; Cabieses, Báltica; Obach, Alexandra; Rodríguez, CeciliaEste libro, difícil de definir: un manual sobre el cáncer, un compilado de valiosa información estadística, una guía pedagógica; es todo eso y más a la vez. Es un llamado a la reflexión y a la acción. Porque el derecho a la vida y por ende la salud, debería ser un derecho que no dependa del bolsillo de cada uno y eso en Chile no es así. En eso, como nos recuerdan las autoras, la Ley de Cáncer es un avance, pero necesario de mejorar.