Browsing by Author "Roa-Alcaino, Sonia"
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Publication Exploring contextual factors for management and prevention of running-related injuries: runners and experts’ perspectives(2025) Besomi, Manuela; Roa-Alcaino, Sonia; Lombardi, Angela; Vélez-Rivera, Rocío; Leppe Zamora, Jaime; Bolling, CarolineRunning is one of the most accessible and popular physical activities worldwide; however, injuries are the main barrier to sustaining running practice. While quantitative studies have explored prevalence and risk factors, a critical gap exists in understanding subjective experiences, perceptions and contextual influences on injury management and prevention. This qualitative study aimed to explore the perspectives of runners and experts regarding injury perception, management and prevention, as well as the contextual influence of these processes. Using a secondary data analysis approach, this study drew from qualitative semistructured interviews with Chilean runners (n=15) and running experts (n=6). Thematic analysis, guided by an interpretivist approach, uncovered intrinsic factors (identity, motivation, stress and self-learning) and extrinsic factors (environment, information sources, marketing, peer advice, professional guidance, racing, stereotype and clothing) that shaped runners’ behaviours. Less experienced runners associated injury risk with asphalt surfaces, faced challenges in discerning online information reliability and found motivation in peer advice. Experts emphasised the multifactorial nature of running-related injuries, including previous injuries and training-related factors. Both groups acknowledged a global tendency among runners to resist rest when discomfort arose. This research contributed to a nuanced understanding of injury perception, management and prevention, bridging scientific knowledge with individual experiences. Clinicians may use this information to enhance the therapy alliance and set realistic expectations about the runner’s rehabilitation process.Publication Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, and Health of Workers in Chile According to the National Health Survey-2017(2025) Leppe Zamora, Jaime; Leppe Zamora, Marco; Roa-Alcaino, Sonia; Sarmiento, Olga LucíaBackground/Objectives: Sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) are key determinants of health in occupational settings. This study aimed to analyze the levels of SB, PA, and their associations with health outcomes among Chilean workers using data from the National Health Survey-2017. Methods: A secondary analysis of 2042 workers aged ≥18 years was conducted. Occupations were classified using ISCO-08, and SB/PA were assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Health outcomes included musculoskeletal symptoms, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular risk. Results: Of the participants, 49.8% were women, and the mean age was 45 years (±13.7). The median SB was 120 min/day, with 32.6% accumulating ≥4 h/day. “Managers” exhibited the highest SB (median: 270 min/day). The median total PA was 123 min/day, and “Skilled agricultural, forestry, and fishery workers” reported the highest PA (median: 330 min/day). The SB (≥4 h/day) was significantly associated with musculoskeletal symptoms (OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.21–2.14) and hypertension (OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.07–2.18). PA showed no significant protective effect. Conclusions: SB and PA vary significantly across occupational groups. SB is associated with musculoskeletal symptoms. Health promotion programs should be tailored to specific occupational groups.Publication The effect of computer prompt in breaks of sedentary behaviour among office workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis(2025) Leppe Zamora, Jaime; Ramos-Fuster, Sara; Muñoz-Monari, Barbara; Roa-Alcaino, Sonia; Sarmiento, Olga LucíaBackground Prolonged sitting time in the workplace constitutes a significant portion of waking hours. Sedentary behaviour is associated with higher risks of cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and all‑cause mortality. Interventions to reduce workplace sitting, such as health apps, height‑adjustable desks, and active breaks, have shown relative effectiveness in improving health outcomes. Among these, computer prompt interventions represent a simple and scalable strategy that can remind workers to take breaks and reduce sedentary behaviour. This study evaluates the effectiveness of computer prompt interventions to reduce sitting at work compared to no intervention or combined strategies. Methods Primary studies were searched in PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Scopus, and CENTRAL of the Cochrane Library. The search was conducted until December 2024. Keywords included terms like “sedentary behaviour,” “computer prompts,” “sitting time,” and “office workers.” Only randomized controlled trials (individual or cluster) involving desk‑based workers aged 18 or older that evaluated computer prompt software were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk‑of‑Bias tool (RoB2). Mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for sitting time and secondary outcomes. Analyses were performed using RevMan and R software, and GRADE methodology was applied to assess the certainty of evidence. Results From 17,880 records, 18 studies involving 1164 office workers were included in the analysis. Ten studies focused exclusively on computer prompts, while 8 studies implemented combined strategies (e.g., computer prompts plus sit‑to‑stand desks). The median intervention length was 8 weeks, ranging from one to 24 weeks. Studies using only computer prompts included breaks lasting from 1 to 10 min every 30 min up to an hour. Combined strategies included breaks from 6 to 30 min every 30 min up to 3 h. According to objective measurements, the meta‑analysis showed a significant reduction of 12.46 min/workday in sitting time (95% CI: ‑18.12, ‑6.80) and a significant increase of 1029.99 steps/workday (95% CI: 815.97, 1244). Secondary outcomes included work‑related, musculoskeletal, and cardiometabolic outcomes favouring computer prompts but not statistically significant. The certainty of evidence for primary outcomes is rated low to moderate according to GRADE. Conclusions Computer prompt software interventions show effectiveness in reducing sitting time among office workers. However, more long‑term prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to accurately determine the effectiveness of computer prompts on various work‑ and health‑related outcomes.