DSpace Repository :: Browsing by Author "Repetto, Paula"

Browsing by Author "Repetto, Paula"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5

Disentangling socioeconomic inequalities of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chile: A population-based analysis
(2020) Ortiz, Manuel S; Cabieses, Báltica; Oyarte, Marcela; Repetto, Paula
Introduction: Chile experiences a growing prevalence of DM2 in its adult population over time. The country has prioritised the diagnosis and treatment of DM2 through a universal health care package, largely focused on the clinical dimensions of the disease. We analysed the significance of socioeconomic variables in the prevalence of DM2, as well as its related dimensions of presence of complications (diabetic foot and ophthalmologic complications), attendance to health checks and acquisition of recommended lifestyle changes due to this condition. Methods: Secondary analysis of the national health survey (ENS) 2016-2017 (n = 6,233 respondents). Crude and income-adjusted odds of reporting DM2 was estimated, as well as the relationship between complications due to diabetes and a number of clinical and sociodemographic variables using weighted log-linear multiple regression models. Results: We found a clear social gradient of the prevalence of DM2 by household income quintiles and educational level in the adult population. Income quintile and educational level gradients remained significantly associated with the presence of complications and attendance to health checks. We found no significant association, however; between income quintile and reported lifestyle change. The association between complications due to DM2 and socioeconomic variables, particularly income, remained relevant even after adjusting for all sociodemographic variables. Conclusion: This is the first study to analyse the association between DM2 and socioeconomic variables in Chile, useful for monitoring and policy planning. Income was strongly associated with DM2 prevalence and with related clinical variables (complications and attendance to health checks). Age, health care provision and educational level were also relevant factors, but lost significance in the fully adjusted model
Enseñanza de Psicología Médica en las escuelas de medicina chilenas
(Sociedad Medica de Santiago, 2012) Santander, Jaime; Pinedo, José; Repetto, Paula
Background: Physicians should be exposed, during their training to basic concepts in psychology. Aim: To describe the current status of the formal teaching of health psychology or medical psychology in Chilean medical schools. Material and Methods: We reviewed the programs of the courses including topics of Medical Psychology, Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine at 18 medical schools in Chile, using a focused coding method. The contents and the time spent on these courses were considered and analyzed. Results: Eighty three percent of medical schools have a Medical Psychology or related program, 56.3% are carried out during the first year of medical School teaching and the weekly load has an average of 4 hours. The contents are mixed and predominantly concerning general and developmental psychology, but also address specific issues of Medical Psychology in most cases. Conclusions: There is little clarity about the training issues to be addressed in medical psychology for medical students in Chile. It is necessary to define the minimum content that all medical graduates should learn.
Experiences and perceptions of natural hazards among international migrants living in Valparaiso, Chile
(2019) Bernales, Margarita; Repetto, Paula; McIntyre, Ana María; Vasquez, A.; Drury, J.; Sullivan, G.B.; Castañeda, J.
International migrants are a socially vulnerable group within the context of disasters. However, disasters research focusing on this group is limited. This problem is the primary focus of the present study. Aim: To explore responses, behaviors and experiences concerning natural hazards among migrants living in Valparaíso, Chile. Methods: Following a constructivist paradigm, we conducted a case study. We interviewed twenty migrants. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. The study was peer-reviewed by Universidad del Desarrollo Ethics Committee. Results: Participants described intense emotional reactions when facing disasters that reduced their coping ability. Their limited knowledge about natural hazards and how to react, explains in part their responses and the difficulties they face. Participants compared their reactions with the behaviors exhibited by the local Chilean population who displayed very little fear and seemed to be used to these events. Finally, despite sharing the same native language, Spanish, preparation activities and warnings appear not to be reaching them. Conclusions: There is an urgent need to implement culturally sensitive preparation strategies, through migrants' existing social networks, to address their needs and concerns and to enable them to cope with natural hazards. Emotional reactions appear to play an essential role in their response to natural disasters and should also be recognized and validated.
Exploring the masculine identity in the context of HIV prevention in Chile
(John Wiley & Sons, 2016) Ferrer, Lilian; Cianelli, Rosina; Villegas, Natalia; Reed, Reiley; Bernales, Margarita; Repetto, Paula; Hufstader, Theodore; Lara, Loreto; Irarrázabal, Lisette; Peragallo-Montano, Nilda
PURPOSE: This study aims to describe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related knowledge and beliefs, as well as understanding attitudes towards masculinity in the context of HIV prevention, held among Chilean men. DESIGN: This study reports the qualitative findings of a sequential qualitative-quantitative mixed methodology study: Bringing men into HIV Prevention in Chile, NIH R01 TW007674-03. METHODS: Twenty in-depth interviews using a qualitative, descriptive approach to elicit information for the study were conducted among men residing in two communities of low socio-economic status in Santiago, Chile. FINDINGS: Content analysis of interviews revealed three main themes regarding machismo and how it relates to HIV: sexuality and machismo, the changing nature of machismo, and violence against women. CONCLUSIONS: Addressing HIV and intimate partner violence through developing education programs tailored to meet the needs of Chilean men are needed to include men in HIV prevention efforts. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Specifically, incorporating ideas of what men consider healthy masculinity and working to destigmatize men who have sex with men are important steps in addressing the negative aspects of machismo
Relación estudiante de medicina-enfermo: visión de los estudiantes.
(Sociedad Médica de Santiago, 2007) Beca, Juan Pablo; Browne, Francisca; Repetto, Paula; Ortiz, Armando; Salas, Camila
Background: The relationship between medical students and patients has special characteristics that require to be well understood to prepare both students and tutors. Aim: To learn about medical students' thoughts and experiences once they start working with patients, how do they solve difficulties or problems and their perceptions about professional roles and patient rights. Material and methods: Qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews applied to 30 volunteer third year medical students who were beginning their clinical practice. The answers to open questions were transcribed and then analized and grouped by topics and categories. Results: Helping others was the main motivation to go to medical school. Other reasons were scientific interest and social status. Students felt prepared to communicate with patients. However they felt anxious, stressful and fearful of not being competent or not being able to answer patients' questions. There were some differences between male and female students' feelings. Nevertheless students declared that they had rewarding experiences with patients. They all recognized that patients have the right to reject being treated by students. The answers also showed that the first clinical experiences led to significant changes in their views of the medical profession. Conclusions: Students are aware of their trainee condition, the benefits that they obtain being in contact with patients and of their limitations. Patients must voluntarily accept to be subject of the students' training program and informed consent procedures need to be developed.

Browsing by Author "Repetto, Paula"

Results Per Page

Sort Options