Browsing by Author "Poblete Cazenave, Carlos"
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Item Ambitious Entrepreneurship and Its Relationship with R&D Policy in Latin American Countries(2021) Amorós, José Ernesto; Poblete Cazenave, Carlos; Mandakovic, VesnaIn this chapter, we explore how different R&D policies and related mechanisms are associated with high ambitions innovative entrepreneurship activities in the particular context of Latin America and the Caribbean. We use a longitudinal approach, with a multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression procedure. The data comes mainly from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) project, and the Global Competitiveness Index. The sample covers 14 countries from Latin America and the Caribbean between 2006–2017. The results provide empirical insights about the firm and individual characteristics that explain the likelihood of being an innovative and ambitious entrepreneur. We also find that narrowed policies in addition to an innovation-driven environment, also increase the creation of ambitious entrepreneurs. In this chapter, we discuss some implications for policymakers that want to enhance local entrepreneurial framework conditions.Item Contextualizing the knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship: the Chilean paradox(2022) Mahn, Daniel; Poblete Cazenave, CarlosThis research uses hierarchical linear modelling to test the KSTE in a developing-country context. By trying this theory on a different setting as is usually studied, we attempt to identify boundary conditions, expanding this theory's understanding. Results show the low effectiveness of this theory in a developing economy, suggesting that additional dimensions are needed to understand it completely. In reviewing the high-tech sector (the only sector in which we found evidence that the KSTE mechanisms apply), our data shows the importance of diversity for technological innovation and thus for firms born out of spillovers. Finally, we find that easiness to start a business interacts with human capital into forming high-tech new firms. Under a more bureaucratic system, high-knowledge human capital will have fewer incentives to switch from employment to self-employment and start a venture. By dealing with the specificities of developing economies when dealing with the KSTE, policymakers can avoid applying police recipes coming from findings related only to developed economies that cannot fit with the characteristics of these countries. In this context, this phenomenon is not particularly relevant for fostering new ventures, joining on the call of avoiding standardized strategies to build efficient entrepreneurial ecosystems.Item Entrepreneurial Intentions in the Context of a Natural Disaster(2020) Bustamante, Carla; Poblete Cazenave, Carlos; Amorós, José ErnestoThis study advances the emerging stream of research on micro-level consequences of exogenous shocks, and how they shape individual functioning. Borrowing from the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991), our study explores the moderating effect of natural disasters on the well-studied relationship between entrepreneurship-oriented beliefs (behavioral, normative, and control beliefs), and entrepreneurial intentions. This study relies on data gathered by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, before and after the earthquake that took place in Chile on February 27th, 2010. While research suggest that exogenous shocks may change individual attitudes, our results show that natural disasters do not change but instead reinforce positive attitudes towards entrepreneurship; similarly, they also reinforce the relationship between perceived behavioral control and entrepreneurial intent. On the other hand, we found that subjective norms become less relevant in shaping entrepreneurial intentions after the occurrence of a natural disaster.Item Experts in Entrepreneurship: Opportunities and Context Evaluation from the Perspective of Entrepreneurs and Non-Entrepreneurs(2020) Poblete Cazenave, Carlos; Mandakovic, VesnaPurpose—This paper analyzes how different experts in entrepreneurship perceive their surrounding environment and business opportunities. The authors suggest that people act the way they do not only because of different interpretations of the environment but also because of the relative importance they give to the context and themselves in their mental scripts. Design/methodology/approach—A Mann-Whitney U non-parametric test and PCA were conducted to examine the National Expert Survey (NES) from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) database of Chilean experts. Findings—When experts in entrepreneurship are compared, entrepreneurs and nonentrepreneurs differ in their use of certain cognitive resources about past or current events, but they map out future situations similarly, suggesting that their mental simulations may converge into similar patterns. Originality/value—This study provides useful insights regarding the impact that mental representation has on experts’ perception, by discussing how experts who are entrepreneurs perceive the entrepreneurial ecosystem and current opportunities differently than experts who are not entrepreneurs. The specific context plays a key role in the way entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs analyze their surrounding environment but not necessarily opportunities.Item Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: 10 años del proyecto GEM en Chile(Universidad del Desarrollo, 2013) Amorós, José Ernesto; Poblete Cazenave, CarlosItem Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: actitud emprendedora en Chile y en el mundo 2012(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Economía y Negocios, 2013) Amorós, José Ernesto; Poblete Cazenave, CarlosItem Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: actividad emprendedora en Chile y en el mundo 2012(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Economía y Negocios, 2013) Amorós, José Ernesto; Poblete Cazenave, CarlosItem Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: el contexto para emprender en Chile 2012(Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Economía y Negocios, 2013) Amorós, José Ernesto; Poblete Cazenave, CarlosItem Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: Reporte Nacional de Chile 2010(Universidad del Desarrollo, 2010) Amorós, José Ernesto; Poblete Cazenave, CarlosItem Growth expectations through innovative entrepreneurship.The role of subjective values and and duration of entrepreneurial experience(2018) Poblete Cazenave, CarlosPurpose – This study proposes a model suggesting that innovation may act as a motivating force that increases entrepreneurs’ growth expectations, where entrepreneurs’ growth expectations are shaped by their subjective values and that entrepreneurial experience moderates this relationship Design/methodology/approach – The paper conducts statistical analysis on a sample of 11,579 entrepreneurs from 24 countries that have participated in the IIIP survey of innovation in 2011 under the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) project. Findings – Results suggest that entrepreneurs involved in innovative entrepreneurship are more likely to have higher growth expectations, with subjective values playing a direct and indirect role in entrepreneurs’ expectations of firm growth. Additionally, results indicate that duration of entrepreneurial experience moderates the relationship between strategic orientation and confidence in innovation. This finding suggests there is feedback between beliefs about the benefits of innovation and being an innovative entrepreneur, resulting in an over-estimation, at least in comparative terms, regarding firm growth rates. This relationship is stronger for novice entrepreneurs since experienced entrepreneurs tend to be more cautious about their expectations of growing. Originality/value – This study deepens to our understanding of the complex processes through which organizational-level decisions ultimately influence individual-level factors. The present findings contribute to progress in this task by suggesting that strategies whose objective is the cultivation of innovation feed entrepreneurs’ subjective values of innovation as well as expectations of growth. Although the duration of entrepreneurial experience moderates the relationship between acting as an innovative entrepreneur and subjective values of innovation, the results suggest that entrepreneurs’ expectations are primarily driven by their internal perceptions of reality.Item How do motivational factors influence entrepreneurs’ perception of business opportunities in different stages of entrepreneurship?(2019) Poblete Cazenave, Carlos; Sena, Vania; Fernández de Arroyabe, Juan CarlosThe purpose of this paper is twofold: first, it analyses the relationship between optimism about the emergence of future entrepreneurial opportunities and the length of the entrepreneurial experience; second, it aims to identify the external factors that can moderate this relationship. Our empirical analysis is conducted on a cross-national sample of 450,000 individuals drawn from the Adult Population Survey (APS), which is collected by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) consortium and covers the period from 2009 to 2011. Our results find an inverted U-shaped relationship between the length of the entrepreneurial experience and our indicator of optimism. Additionally, the relationship between optimism and length of entrepreneurial experience is conditioned by a set of external-factor moderators, such as social capital and the individuals’ perception of how valued entrepreneurship is as a career choice in their country.Item Innovative outcomes from migrant entrepreneurship: a matter of whether you think you can, or think you can’t(2020) Poblete Cazenave, Carlos; Mandakovic, VesnaThe entrepreneurship literature has exposed some of the most influential antecedents of innovative entrepreneurship. Prior research has also identified crucial features of migrant entrepreneurship. This article employs lessons from these two areas and draws on social cognitive theory to explore the main drivers of innovative ventures among migrants. We center the attention on entrepreneurs, differentiating them between two management strategies: imitation or innovation; and we study the role of perceived self-efficacy, prior entrepreneurial experience, and social capital into the likelihood of acting innovative. For our empirical analysis, we primarily use data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor for three years covering 2016–2018 and gathering 5713 observations of early-stage entrepreneurs from Chile. Our estimations show that being a migrant is in itself an insufficient condition to influence seeking substantial differentiation from what is traditionally offered in the local market; instead, we confirm that a migrant who feels capable of successfully starting a business will be likely to conduct innovative entrepreneurship. Contributions of these findings for theoretical and practical advances of the field are discussed.Item R+D transfer, policy and innovative ambitious entrepreneurship: evidence from Latin American countries(2019) Amorós, José Ernesto; Poblete Cazenave, Carlos; Mandakovic, VesnaIn this article, we explore the effectiveness of government intervention, R+D, and pro- innovation mechanisms in the likelihood of being an innovative entrepreneur with high ambitions of growing, in the particular context of Latin America and the Caribbean. We use a longitudinal approach, with a multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression procedure. The data comes mainly from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and the Global Competitiveness Index. The sample covers 14 countries from Latin America and the Caribbean between 2006-2015. The results provide empirical insights about firm and individual characteristics that explain the likelihood of being an innovative and ambitious entrepreneur. We also find that effective and narrowed policies in addition to an innovation-driven environment, also increases innovative-ambitious entrepreneurs. The paper includes implications for policy makers that want to enhance local entrepreneurial framework conditions.Item Shaping the castle according to the rocks in the path? Perceived discrimination, social differences, and subjective wellbeing as determinants of firm type among immigrant entrepreneurs(2018) Poblete Cazenave, CarlosThis paper argues that transnational entrepreneurs are characterized in terms of their differing perceptions of the host society in comparison to conventional immigrant entrepreneurs. We focus on three aspects of individuals’ perception of informal institutions, that is, (1) individuals’ perception of discrimination based on first-person and third-person experience, (2) individuals’ perception of social differences, and (3) subjective wellbeing. We find that among other immigrant entrepreneurs, transnational entrepreneurs are more likely to perceive social differences within the host society, to have been discriminated against, and experience dissatisfaction regarding opportunities and income.Item The Joint Effects of Hubris, Growth Aspirations, and Entrepreneurial Phases for Innovative Behavior(2022) Poblete Cazenave, CarlosInnovation is often seen as essential for ventures to succeed. High business failure rates in entrepreneurship, however, suggest that innovations are frequently driven by entrepreneurs blinded by overconfidence. Thus, anticipating when and why entrepreneurs will be motivated to innovate is fundamental for entrepreneurial success. Using a large sample obtained from population surveys conducted in 77 countries, this study analyzes the variables that are significantly associated with innovative behaviors. The research tests a model proposing that the joint effects of hubris, growth aspirations, and an entrepreneur’s level of entrepreneurial experience have a crucial impact on innovative endeavors. It finds that hubris is significantly related to entrepreneurs’ growth aspirations and that ambition, in turn, is positively related to innovative behaviors. In addition, the study finds that both relationships are moderated by the level of entrepreneurial experience. These findings highlight the need to wise up amateur entrepreneurs before they embark on innovative endeavorsItem The Role of Circular Business Modeling in the Entrepreneurial Identity-Construction Process(2021) Poblete Cazenave, Carlos; Rifo, Felipe; Huaman, JoanaThe process of shaping an entrepreneurial identity is emerging as a focal point in the field of entrepreneurship. Scholarly efforts to date have turned attention to what happens during the process of identity creation, how, and why. In this article, we seek to extend the current literature by examining how entrepreneurs mold their entrepreneurial identities while enacting circular business models. Specifically, identity construction under circular business modeling is proposed as a negotiation process whereby the conflict mechanisms by which entrepreneurs construct their entrepreneurial identities are highly influenced by stakeholders’ interests. Propositions regarding the inherence of stakeholders are presented and discussed.Item University Support in the Development of Regional Entrepreneurial Activity: An Exploratory Study from Chile(2013) Poblete Cazenave, Carlos; Amorós, José ErnestoThe theoretical literature has explored the potential benefits of the interaction between universities and entrepreneurs and there is some empirical evidence that supports the positive impact of entrepreneurship education in the subsequent propensity to become an entrepreneur. The purpose of this paper is study if higher education for entrepreneurship is reflected in entrepreneurship activities at the regional level. Replicating the methodology used by Coduras, Urban, Rojas and Martínez (2008) in Spain, we compare, in an exploratory way, the experience in Chile using data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). The main results indicate that there is low interaction between entrepreneurs and universities and there is not enough impact to significantly affect entrepreneurial activity.M oreover, entrepreneurship education does not increase intentions to be an entrepreneur.