Browsing by Author "Petherick, Emily"
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Item Ethnic differences in infant feeding practices and their relationship with BMI at 3 years of age - results from the Born in Bradford birth cohort study(Cambridge University Press, 2014) Santorelli, Gillian; Fairley, Lesley; Petherick, Emily; Cabieses, Báltica; Sahota, PinkiThe present study aimed to explore previously unreported ethnic differences in infant feeding practices during the introduction of solid foods, accounting for maternal and birth factors, and to determine whether these feeding patterns are associated with BMI at 3 years of age. An observational study using Poisson regression was carried out to investigate the relationship between ethnicity and infant feeding practices and linear regression was used to investigate the relationship between feeding practices and BMI at 3 years of age in a subsample of 1327 infants in Bradford. It was found that compared with White British mothers, mothers of Other ethnicities were less likely to replace breast milk with formula milk before introducing solid foods (adjusted relative risk (RR) - Pakistani: 0·76 (95 % CI 0·64, 0·91), Other South Asian: 0·58 (95 % CI 0·39, 0·86), and Other ethnicities: 0·50 (95 % CI 0·34, 0·73)). Pakistani and Other South Asian mothers were less likely to introduce solid foods early ( < 17 weeks) (adjusted RR - Pakistani: 0·92 (95 % CI 0·87, 0·96) and Other South Asian: 0·87 (95 % CI 0·81, 0·93)). Other South Asian mothers and mothers of Other ethnicities were more likely to continue breast-feeding after introducing solid foods (adjusted RR - 1·72 (95 % CI 1·29, 2·29) and 2·12 (95 % CI 1·60, 2·81), respectively). Pakistani and Other South Asian infants were more likely to be fed sweetened foods (adjusted RR - 1·18 (95 % CI 1·13, 1·23) and 1·19 (95 % CI 1·10, 1·28), respectively) and Pakistani infants were more likely to consume sweetened drinks (adjusted RR 1·72 (95 % CI 1·15, 2·57)). No association between infant feeding practices and BMI at 3 years was observed. Although ethnic differences in infant feeding practices were found, there was no association with BMI at 3 years of age. Interventions targeting infant feeding practices need to consider ethnicity to identify which populations are failing to follow recommendations.Item Household Typology and Family Social Capital Among White British and Pakistani Women in Bradford, England(2014) Cabieses, Báltica; Fairley, Lesley; Uphoff, Eleonora; Santorelli, Gillian; Petherick, Emily; Prady, Stephanie; Croudace, Tim; West, JaneAbstract: Objectives: International evidence suggests positive close relationships with household members (family social capital) can improve wellbeing; however, mixed effects for associations between the number of household members and generational status (household typology) have been found. Further, it is unclear how family social capital and household typology might vary between families of different ethnic origins. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: The Born in Bradford cohort study. Participants: We used data from that including Pakistani (n=1772) and White British (n=1859) women. Main Outcome Measures: Household typologies and four measures of family social capital (I wish there was more warmth/affection; I feel closely attached to my family; My family takes notice of me; I feel excluded in my family; all binary variables). Results: We found that household typology was largely not significantly associated with family social capital measures, with some exceptions (women living with child only, women living with child and parents only, p<0.05). Pakistani women were more likely to report low family social capital (OR between 1.72 and 3.32, p<0.05) and this was significantly associated with financial insecurity and living in extended families. Conclusion: This study suggests the relationship between household typology and family social capital is complex and varies across ethnic and socioeconomic groups. Pakistani women were more likely to report low family social capital while living in the UK compared to the White British.Item Using latent class analysis to develop a model of the relationship between socioeconomic position and ethnicity: cross-sectional analyses from a multi-ethnic birth cohort study(BioMed Central, 2014) Fairley, Lesley; Cabieses, Báltica; Small, Neil; Petherick, Emily; Lawlor, Debbie; Pickett, Kate; Wright, JohnBackground: Almost all studies in health research control or investigate socioeconomic position (SEP) as exposure or confounder. Different measures of SEP capture different aspects of the underlying construct, so efficient methodologies to combine them are needed. SEP and ethnicity are strongly associated, however not all measures of SEP may be appropriate for all ethnic groups. Methods: We used latent class analysis (LCA) to define subgroups of women with similar SEP profiles using 19 measures of SEP. Data from 11,326 women were used, from eight different ethnic groups but with the majority from White British (40%) or Pakistani (45%) backgrounds, who were recruited during pregnancy to the Born in Bradford birth cohort study. Results: Five distinct SEP subclasses were identified in the LCA: (i) “Least socioeconomically deprived and most educated” (20%); (ii) “Employed and not materially deprived” (19%); (iii) “Employed and no access to money” (16%); (iv) “Benefits and not materially deprived” (29%) and (v) “Most economically deprived” (16%). Based on the magnitude of the point estimates, the strongest associations were that compared to White British women, Pakistani and Bangladeshi women were more likely to belong to groups: (iv) “benefits and not materially deprived” (relative risk ratio (95% CI): 5.24 (4.44, 6.19) and 3.44 (2.37, 5.00), respectively) or (v) most deprived group (2.36 (1.96, 2.84) and 3.35 (2.21, 5.06) respectively) compared to the least deprived class. White Other women were more than twice as likely to be in the (iv) “benefits and not materially deprived group” compared to White British women and all ethnic groups, other than the Mixed group, were less likely to be in the (iii) “employed and not materially deprived” group than White British women. Conclusions: LCA allows different aspects of an individual’s SEP to be considered in one multidimensional indicator, which can then be integrated in epidemiological analyses. Ethnicity is strongly associated with these identified subgroups. Findings from this study suggest a careful use of SEP measures in health research, especially when looking at different ethnic groups. Further replication of these findings is needed in other populations.