Browsing by Author "Pereira, Ximena"

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    A methodological approach to couples therapy using a conjoint relational drawing process for the description of and intervention with relational patterns and meaning-attributions
    (2019) Molina, María Elisa; Tapia Villanueva, Luis; Fossa, Pablo; Pereira, Ximena; Aspillaga H., Carolina; Puerta, Sofía de la
    The consultants’ observation and understanding of relational patterns in couples therapy is a main therapeutic objective and a resource for change. The Conjoint Relational Drawing Process (CRDP) methodology uses a drawing technique to enable the display and efficient observation of relational patterns. It was designed to address the relational process in couples therapy. Two couples participated in making a conjoint drawing that was video-recorded and later observed and analysed by the couple and the therapist and the researchers. The relational pattern descriptions and meaning attributions about the video-recorded drawings were analysed in the therapeutic and research contexts. As a result, new perspectives regarding relational patterns and meaning attributions emerged, revealing modes of interaction that allowed new viewpoints about difficulties and ways forward. This approach for the clinical application of CRDP contributed to the evaluation and intervention in the couples’ therapy, and enabled issues to be defined early in the process
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    Behavior problems and attachment in adopted and non-adopted adolescents
    (2014) Escobar, María Josefina; Pereira, Ximena; Santelices, María Pía
    Many studies have shown that adopted adolescents present more behavioral problems than non-adopted adolescents do. However, few studies have been published about national adoption in South America, even though this is the most common type of adoption in these countries. The goal of this study was to examine the differences in behavioral problems between nationally adopted and non-adopted adolescents (using Achenbach's Child Behavior Check-list (CBCL) and the Youth Self Report (YSR)), as well as to examine the relationship between behavioral problems and attachment style in adolescents. Participants: 25 adolescents adopted at the age of 6 months or older and 25 non-adopted adolescents. Results: No significant differences were found between groups in terms of behavioral problems. Adolescents adopted at a later age presented more “social problems” than those who were adopted earlier on. Even though the adopted adolescents presented more insecure attachment, there were no significant differences between groups in terms of behavioral problems and attachment style. There was a significant interaction between adoption and attachment on the Thought Problems scale of the YSR, with the non-adopted/insecure adolescents scoring higher. Possible interpretations of these results are presented in the discussion. In general, the adopted adolescents were not significantly different from the adolescents who grew up with their birth families. Furthermore, adoption within the first two years of life may represent a protective factor against “social problems” during adolescence. These findings may contribute to the de-stigmatization of adoption and a move away from the idea that adopted adolescents are “difficult”.
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    Chilean Spanish version of the State Trait Cheerfulness Inventory (STCI-T-60, trait form): Individual and couple forms
    (2014) Tapia Villanueva, Luis; Armijo, Iván; Pereira, Ximena; Molina, María Elisa
    The adaptation and validation of a Chilean Spanish version of the State Trait Cheerfulness Inventory (STCI-T-60) including a couple evaluation, is presented. The inventory was developed by Ruch (1990) to measure three traits (cheerfulness, seriousness, and bad mood), considered to enable exhilaration, which is the main indicator of the sense of humor experience. Ruch suggested studying basic temperamental traits and stable dispositions involved in the possibility of experiencing humor. The inventory was applied to three Chilean samples: a validation sample of 500 adults individuals, evaluated in a stratified manner considering gender, age and socio-economic level; a replication sample of 298 middle-class adults; and a couple sample of 53 middle-class couples. The results showed adequate internal consistency and solid validity of the constructs in all groups. The study contributes to research in the field of the sense of humor from local and transcultural perspectives. The validation of a couple form will contribute specifically contribute to the study of the sense of humor as a couple relational dynamic and its relations with other relational variables.
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    Estudio Exploratorio sobre los Recursos de las Personas en Psicoterapia desde la Perspectiva de los Psicoterapeutas
    (2010) Villanueva, Luis Tapia; Poulsen, Gianella; Armijo, Iván; Pereira, Ximena; Sotomayor, Patricia
    El estudio pretende delimitar el concepto de recurso, identificar sus tipos y usos en psicoterapia desde la perspectiva de psicoterapeutas expertos. Se aplicaron tres metodologías: Grupo Tareas: Discusión sistemática de 5 psicoterapeutas expertos. Grupo Delphi: Cuestionarios iterativos a trece psicoterapeutas expertos. Grupo Experiencial: Metodología experiencial en 29 psicoterapeutas. Resultados: Grupo Tareas: Distinguió recursos del paciente, del terapeuta, del sistema terapéutico y del contexto. Grupo Delphi: Sistematiza su definición, identificación y operacionalización. Grupo Experiencial: Identifica diferentes dimensiones de la experiencia. Se concluye que los terapeutas conceptualizan los recursos como procesos emergentes, definidos como una co-construcción relacional. El recurso y la carencia son considerados como dimensiones complementarias, donde el recurso no es un estado dado sino orientado a la búsqueda del bienestar en el contexto psicoterapéutico.
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    Factors Preventing Gridlock in Chilean Couples Relationships Based on the Discourse of Couples Therapists and Highly Adjusted Couples
    (2014) Tapia Villanueva, Luis; Molina, María Elisa; Aspillaga H., Carolina; Cruzat Mandich, Claudia; Pereira, Ximena; Poulsen, Gianella; Sotomayor, Patricia; Armijo, Iván
    The term gridlock describes the occurrence of rigid patterns in couples' conflict. This study aimed to describe strategies of conflict resolution and gridlock prevention from the perspectives of couples and couple therapists. Participants were couple therapists and highly adjusted couples scored by the dyadic adjustment scale (DAS), distributed according to traditional and non-traditional position in life and duration of relationships. Conflict gridlock scenarios were used to create video stimulus that were presented to participants. A qualitative methodology was used to analyse couples' and therapists' commentaries on the scenarios. Results showed differences in preventing conflict gridlock among sub-groups of couples. Long-term traditional couples focused on loyalty to a common project and value sacrificing to a higher good; long-term non-traditional couples prioritised caring and validating the bond in the relationship. Short-term traditional couples focused on mutual love and the relief of hurt while short-term non-traditional couples supported the value of equity.

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