DSpace Repository :: Browsing by Author "Pavez, Paula"

Browsing by Author "Pavez, Paula"

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Evaluation of the SF-12. Usefulness of the mental health scale
(2014) Vera-Villarroel, Pablo; Silva, Jaime R.; Celis-Atenas, Karem; Pavez, Paula
Background: The SF-12 is one of the most used questionnaires to evaluate the multidimensional health related quality of life, worldwide. However, the factor structure does not match the structure of the original instrument. Besides, most studies centered in the physical dimension paying less attention to mental health related quality of life. Aim: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the SF-12 and to validate the mental health dimension of this questionnaire. Material and Methods: Two studies were conducted, the first consisting of 840 people aged between 18 and 60 years, who answered the SF-12. In the second study, 970 people aged between 18 and 60 years answered the SF-12 questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Reliability (internal consistency and temporal stability) was analyzed, along with construct and criterion validity for the mental health dimension. Results: The reliability estimate using Cronbach's alpha in both studies was higher than 0.74 in both dimensions (physical and psychological). Construct validity analysis yielded a three factor complex solution. Finally the criterion validity analysis showed appropriate and significant correlations with depression and anxiety. Conclusions: The SF-12 and its mental health scale are suitable for epidemiological characterization studies.
Muscularity and strength affect individual variation in self-perception of fighting ability in men
(2019) Muñoz Reyes, José Antonio; Polo, Pablo; Rodríguez-Sickert, Carlos; Pavez, Paula; Valenzuela, Nohelia; Ramírez-Herrera, Oriana; Muñoz Reyes, José Antonio
Objective: There is evidence that competitive conflicts are the main form of intrasexual competition among men. The capacity to recognize visual cues of fighting ability in competitors is thought to be an important characteristic that allows men to avoid the costs of contest competition. However, for an accurate comparison to take place, individuals need to compare the fighting ability of their competitors to their own to assess this asymmetry. Methods: In order to improve our understanding of this self-assessment process, here we study the relationship between visual fighting ability cues, namely (i) muscularity, as measured with a bioimpedance device, (ii) the real capacity to inflict cost to a rival based on strength, as measured with a hand grip dynamometer (HGS), and (iii) self-perceived fighting ability, as determined with a questionnaire. The study sample was 364 men between 18 and 38 years of age (M ± SD = 22.27 ± 3.99). Results: Our results confirm the expected positive relationship between upper-body muscularity and strength, while controlling for body mass index (BMI). However, muscularity explained only around 30.2% of the variance in strength. In addition, muscularity was related to self-perception of fighting ability in our sample, its effect being partially mediated by strength. Conclusion: The more muscular men perceive their fighting ability as being greater, and not only because they are stronger (at least in the HGS task). Accordingly, it seems that men take into account the overestimation the robustness of the relationship between strength and muscularity that prevails within his peers.
Similitud en Indicadores de Atractivo en Parejas Heterosexuales y su Relación con Satisfacción y Confianza
(2022) Pavez, Paula; Polo, Pablo; Valenzuela, Nohelia; Figueroa, Oriana; Rodríguez-Sickert, Carlos; Muñoz Reyes, José Antonio; Muñoz Reyes, José Antonio
In our species, the formation and maintenance of romantic partners is a nonrandom process. In this sense, similarity between members of the couple can be relevant for the beginning of the relationship (i.e., assortative mating) and maintenance, being similarity in attractiveness one of the most interesting aspects of this phenomenon. Despite that similarity in attractive traits has been documented, there is a lack of studies including modern morphological measures like fluctuating facial asymmetry or body fat percentage when assessing the effect that similarity in attractiveness could provoke on behaviors and feelings necessary to maintain a long-term relationship (e.g., satisfaction and trust). We assessed the presence of similarity in attractiveness for self-perceived measures (attractiveness and mate value) and physical traits (body fat percentage, body mass index, and fluctuating facial asymmetry) in a population of 196 heterosexual young couples from Chile (n = 392). Then, using actor-partner interdependence models (APIM), we assessed whether satisfaction and trust within the couples were influenced by attractiveness. Our results indicated the presence of similarity for all studied traits with the exception of fluctuating facial asymmetry. In addition, we only found that self-assessment of attractiveness is important for satisfaction in women, and partner's physical attractiveness is important for satisfaction and trust in men. Our results suggest that similarity in attractiveness is not playing a major role in affecting relationship. It is probably that similarity could be better explained from the initial stages of relationship, where the mating market forces conduce to the conformation of similar couples.
The effect of intergroup competition outcome on ingroup cooperation: insights from the male warrior hypothesis
(2024) Belinchón, Montserrat; Polo Rodrigo, Pablo; Rodríguez-Sickert, Carlos; Figueroa, Oriana; Valenzuela-Martínez, Nohelia T.; Pavez, Paula; Muñoz Reyes, José Antonio
Introduction: The Male Warrior Hypothesis (MWH) proposes that sex-specific elective pressures have promoted male cooperation with the ingroup members to outcompete rival groups. However, intergroup conflicts do not occur in isolation and the outcomes of previous competitions may influence group cooperativeness. Since this phenomenon is not well understood, we aimed to shed light on the effect of previous competition outcome on later cooperative behavior under intergroup conflicts. Based on the MWH, we hypothesized that repeated contests between groups could enhance ingroup cooperation, regardless of the outcome of the previous contest because status is at risk, but when competition is not present, participants would move to the symmetric equilibria. Methods: To test this hypothesis, we recruited 246 individuals organized in groups of 6 and measured cooperation using a threshold public good game over two rounds, manipulating the outcome in the first round to create groups of winners and losers. Results: Our results show that intergroup conflict scenarios promoted cooperation in both victory and defeat conditions, whereas, in the control scenario only losers increased their cooperation. Discussion: We argue that winners under the presence of an external threat may enhance in-group cooperation in order to assure their status; whereas, losers may be attempting to regain it.
The role of the behavioral immune system in the expression of short and longterm orientation in young Chilean men during the COVID-19 pandemic
(2025) Figueroa, Oriana; Pablo, Pablo; Torrico‑Bazoberry, Daniel; Fajardo, Gabriela; Rodríguez‑Sickert, Carlos; Valenzuela, Nohelia; Arenas, Abigail; Pavez, Paula; Belinchon, Montserrat; Valdebenito, Gabriela; Muñoz Reyes, José Antonio
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic drastically changed people’s lives. It had consequences at the individual and social level. The behavioral immune system predicts that when faced with the risk of contagion from pathogens, people tend to reduce their sociality, especially sociosexuality. We examine this prediction by evaluating decreases in the pandemic of the different dimensions of sociosexuality of young men (i.e., short and long-term mating orientation, sexual desire, and sociosexual behavior) and considering their relationship status (single or paired). Methods and materials We compared data from two cross-sectional studies carried out in the laboratory with convenience sampling methods in the pre-pandemic period (in the years 2016 and 2018 with a sample size of N = 463) and pandemic (face-to-face panstudy N = 234,data online, N = 182), considering possible differences between samples of the same period. We reached an N = 879 young men who answered a sociodemographic questioarticipants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire that inclnnaire and the Multidimensional Sociosexual Orientation Inventory. To test our predictions, we fitted general linear models. Results Results point to a significant decrease in long-term mating orientation in paired and single men, but only when compared with the pandemic face-to-face study. In addition, no differences were found for short-term mating orientation. For sociosexual desire (i.e., sexual fantasies), we found a reduction in single pre-pandemic individuals to be compared with the sample of pandemic online study. Finally, we found a decrease in sociosexual behavior (i.e., number of partners in the last year) between pre-pandemic samples and the pandemic itself, regardless of their relationship status and samples inside of each period. In addition, we carry out analyses with a reduced sample to retest our predictions based on the perception of contagion risk (measured by a survey from OMS). Conclusion We find changes are maintained at the level of sociosexual desire and sexual behavior but mainly in those individuals with a greater perception of the risk of contagion. The hypotheses derived from the behavioral immune system regarding the decrease in sociosexuality in a context of risk of contagion by pathogens, as was the case in the initial period of COVID-19, are corroborated only in terms of desire and behavior, which suggests a certain stability in attitudes i.e., the menace of contagion modifies proximal aspects of sociosexuality, such as fantasies and behavior, but has no apparent effect on the calibration of the predisposition of individuals to varying levels of commitment in sexual relationships. These findings will allow us to understand better how the dimensions of sociosexuality (i.e., fantasies, attitudes and behavior) are affected when there are contexts of high risk of contagion, such as COVID-19. These findings will allow us to understand better how sociosexuality is affected when there are contexts of high risk of contagion, such as COVID-19.

Browsing by Author "Pavez, Paula"

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