Browsing by Author "Parra, Paula"

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    Diseño e implementación de OSCE para evaluar competencias de egreso en estudiantes de medicina en un consorcio de universidades chilenas
    (Sociedad Médica de Santiago, 2018) Behrens, Claudia; Morales, Verónica; Parra, Paula; Hurtado, Amelia; Fernández, Rosario; Giaconi, Elisa; Santelices, Lucía; Armijo, Soledad; Furman, Gail.
    Background: Outcomes-based education is a trend in medical education and its assessment is one of the main challenges. The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is one of the tools used to assess clinical competencies. Although Chilean medical schools have used OSCEs for 18 years, there is a vast variability in the way these examinations are administered. Aim: To design and implement an integrated OSCE to assess clinical competencies at the end of the medical program in Chilean medical schools, aiming to reduce variability between these schools. Material and Methods: Seven medical schools, supported by experts from the National Board of Medical Examiners, designed a 12 station OSCE to measure clinical outcomes at the end of the seventh year of medical training. Unlike traditional OSCEs, this new examination incorporated the assessment of clinical reasoning and communication skills, evaluated from patients’ perspective. Results: One hundred twenty-five volunteers took the same exam at five different venues. The internal consistency was 0.62. Following a compensatory approach, 85% of students passed the exam. Communication assessment showed poorer results than those reported in the literature. Conclusions: Among Chilean medical students, the assessment of clinical outcomes in a collaborative way, through a valid and reliable exam, is feasible. A consensus on how to teach and assess clinical reasoning across the medical curriculum is required. The assessment of students’ communication skills requires further development.
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    Pielonefritis aguda, análisis descriptivo de la situación epidemiológica de la hospitalización y mortalidad en Chile, 2002-2016
    (Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, 2020) Carreño, Cristine; Darlic, Valentina; Gómez, Luis; Ojeda, María José; Parra, Paula; Quiroz, Sofía
    Introducción: La Pielonefritis aguda corresponde a una infección del tracto urinario. Un 50% de las mujeres presentarán esta enfermedad a lo largo de su vida, siendo una de las infecciones bacterianas más frecuentes a las que se enfrenta un médico en atención primaria. Objetivo: Describir la situación epidemiológica de la hospitalización y mortalidad de la Pielonefritis aguda en Chile, comparando su evolución en 15 años y con la situación internacional. Metodología: Estudio de diseño observacional de análisis de información secundaria de hospitalización y mortalidad en Chile entre los años 2002 al 2016. Resultado: La hospitalización por Pielonefritis aguda en Chile ha disminuido, mientras que la mortalidad por esta causa ha aumentado entre los años 2002 al 2016. El año 2016 las mujeres tenían 3,6 veces más riesgo de hospitalizarse y 1,7 veces más riesgo de morir por Pielonefritis aguda en comparación a los hombres. El tramo de edad que presentó la mayor tasa de egresos hospitalarios y de mortalidad comprende las edades de 80 años y más. Discusión: Durante el período de tiempo estudiado, en Chile aumentó la mortalidad por Pielonefritis aguda, mientras que los egresos hospitalarios disminuyeron. En cambio, los datos internacionales muestran lo contrario. La población con mayor incidencia y mortalidad en Chile y el mundo, son las mujeres y personas en edades extremas. Conclusión: La situación epidemiológica chilena es similar a la internacional, con una incidencia u hospitalización mayor en mujeres, en los meses de verano y en edades extremas.
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    Relación entre el bienestar y el rendimiento académico en alumnos de primer año de medicina
    (2015) Gómez, Paula; Torres, Graciela; Meyer, Andrea; Matus, Olga; Ortíz, Liliana; McColl, Peter; Parra, Paula; Pérez, Cristhian
    Background: Stress may affect the sense of wellbeing and academic achievement of university students. Aim: To assess the relationship of academic engagement and burnout with academic achievement among first year medical students. Material and Methods: The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-Student and Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey (MBI-SS) were applied to 277 first year medical students of four universities. Their results were correlated with the grades obtained in the different courses. Results: Moderately high engagement and low burnout levels were detected. There was a high level of satisfaction with studies and a moderate exhaustion level. Academic achievement was associated with the degree of engagement with studies but not with burnout. Conglomerate analysis detected a group of students with high levels of wellbeing, characterized by high levels of academic engagement and low burnout. Other group had moderate levels of engagement and lack of personal fulfilment. Other group, identified as extenuated, had high levels of personal exhaustion and depersonalization. Finally the disassociated group had a low academic engagement, low emotional exhaustion, high levels of depersonalization and Jack of personal fulfillment. Conclusions: Academic achievement is associated with the level of engagement with studies but not with burnout.

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