DSpace Repository :: Browsing by Author "Paniagua, Pablo"

Browsing by Author "Paniagua, Pablo"

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Bespoke science: the use of ad hoc scientific advisory committees in the Covid-19 pandemic
(2025) Koppl, Roger; Pronin, Kira; Cowen, Nick; Podemska-Mikluch, Mart; Paniagua, Pablo
Many governments formed ad hoc scientific advisory committees in the Covid-19 pandemic because they offered the government greater control over policy advice than standing agencies. The difference between ad hoc and standing advisory bodies has been little noted in the literature. High-uncertainty crises demanding expertise and requiring action from the national government increase the value of policy discretion, raising the value of controlling the scientific narrative. An ad hoc body is generally easier to control than a standing body because policymakers have greater liberty to choose its members, specify its mandate, and disband and reconstitute it when needed. Control generally requires either a narrow membership or a narrow mandate. If members cannot be chosen to be reliably aligned with the government or its policy preferences, a narrow mandate will restrain the committee from offering undesired advice or analysis. Our argument builds on the public choice assumption of motivational symmetry: The choices of scientists and politicians are shaped by the same motives and desires that influence individuals in any other sphere of life. Our case studies of Italy, UK, US, Poland, Uganda, and Sweden support our theory.
Complex externalities: introduction to the special issue
(2024) Paniagua, Pablo; Rayamajhee, Veeshan; Murtazashvili, Ilia
collection of essays extends analytical bridges between public choice, property rights economics, and new institutional economics. The essays question many of our prevailing assumptions behind the standard conceptualization of externalities. They also offer pragmatic and theoretical alternatives and apply these insights to analyze radio spectrum, environmental pollution, intellectual property, and public health issues. These essays demonstrate the ongoing significance of public choice in addressing society’s most pressing challenges
Complexity defying macroeconomics
(2023) Paniagua, Pablo
This article contributes to the literature on complexity and macroeconomic models by exploring the analytical relationship and tensions between complex phenomena and macroeconomics. By evaluating the properties of organised complexity, this article suggests alternative strategies for analysing the macroeconomy. Drawing on F. A. Hayek’s notion of organised complexity, I examine how its causal properties relate to the analytical criteria and assumptions that contemporary macroeconomic models use. The purpose is twofold: first, I associate the properties of complexity to the idea of the macroeconomy as an emergent totality arising from the causal interplay between individuals and the organising structure. This conceptually challenges modern macro and frames analytical tensions between complexity and macroeconomic analysis. Second, introducing complexity facilitates breaking away from current analytical and conceptual straitjackets in macroeconomics. Economic inquiry requires looking for alternative ways beyond standard models to analyse the macroeconomy as an emergent totality. This suggests stepping away from current formalistic methods and radical reductionism, in favour of unconventional strategies and approaches that are sensitive to rules, structures, and the causal properties of organised complexity.
Conceptualising knowledge governance: knowledge regimes and institutions
(2025) Lin, Wanlin; Paniagua, Pablo; Yuan, Minjun
Social scientists are paying attention to the role that knowledge plays in economic phenomena. This focus on knowledge has led to exploring two challenges: first, its governance to reap positive externalities and solve social dilemmas, and second, how we can craft institutions to match the intangible nature of ideas with adequate property rules. This article contributes by elaborating on the different knowledge property regimes and the elements contributing to their classification. This paper first taxonomises knowledge governance regimes based on Ostrom’s work on institutional analysis. Second, it examines why governance structures for managing knowledge production vary across industries, according to (1) the characteristics of knowledge, (2) the attributes of the organisations, and (3) the different rules-in-use to enforce property rights. This is the first study at the intersection of institutional analysis and political economy that highlights the knowledge features, incentive structures, and mechanisms undergirding knowledge governance in different property regimes.
Governing the global fisheries commons
(2014) Paniagua, Pablo; Rayamajhee, Veeshan
Despite significant advances in understanding the biophysical and institutional causes of overfishing, we have yet to make progress in addressing the depletion of our global fisheries stock. Investigations of potential solutions tend to be too broad (mischaracterizing global fisheries as a singular commons problem to be addressed at the supranational level) or too narrow (focusing on improving management of small fisheries at the micro level). This article attempts to bridge the gap between our scientific understanding of our collective dilemmas and their pragmatic solutions. Building on insights from Nobel laureate Elinor Ostrom, we frame the depletion of global fisheries as a nested set of diverse and interconnected collective action problems organized at different horizontal and vertical levels, where decisions and actions of one jurisdictional unit reinforce and amplify problems (and solutions) for other units. We examine features of the global fisheries system, such as nonstationarity, nestedness, and prohibitive transaction costs. Then, we explore some potential solutions. The success of our conservation goals depends on our ability to craft institutional rules at the lower levels that are adaptive to local conditions, address incentive misalignment issues, and allow for the transfer of positive externalities to adjacent and higher levels.
James Buchanan y la elección pública: implicancias para la economía y la filosofía política
(2023) Paniagua, Pablo
Este ensayo analiza las tres premisas de la teoría de la elección pública a través del pensamiento del Premio Nobel James Buchanan. Primero, se exploran los tres principios orientadores de la elección pública, mediante el trabajo contractualista de Buchanan: el individualismo metodológico, la simetría del comportamiento y la política como procesos de intercambio. Posteriormente, se examina en detalle las tres principales implicancias económicas, políticas y filosóficas que se pueden derivar de dicha visión analítica. El ensayo concluye señalando que —desde el paradigma contractualista de Buchanan— se obtienen ciertos conceptos decisivos e implicancias teóricas originales que generan nuevas categorías filosóficas y políticas acerca del rol de los economistas y de un orden social pluralista, compatibles con la democracia liberal y con la asociación.
Libertad económica y desarrollo en Chile: ¿El fin de una modernización acelerada?
(2023) Paniagua, Pablo; Órdenes, Patricio
El presente ensayo analiza la evolución histórica de la libertad económica en Chile para el período 1970-2018. A la luz de la evidencia, se presentan tres períodos de marcadas diferencias para Chile: la «gran expansión de las libertades económicas» (1980-1995), la «consolidación de las libertades económicas» (1995-2009) y el «estancamiento y declive de las libertades económicas» (2010-2018). El ensayo argumenta que la velocidad de expansión y posterior estancamiento de las libertades económicas en Chile esta relacionada con su exitoso proceso de crecimiento y su actual atrofia. El ensayo además utiliza el caso chileno como ilustración para hacer un punto clave en la teoría del desarrollo económico, al evidenciar que la relación entre instituciones y crecimiento ocurre a través de la velocidad con la cual se expanden las libertades económicas en el tiempo y no necesariamente a través de un proceso tecnocrático y planificado. Esta relación entre instituciones y crecimiento económico, vía una expansión generalizada de las libertades económicas, no ha sido reconocida por la literatura. La evidencia para Chile sugiere que la presencia de instituciones que promuevan dinámicamente altos grados de libertad económica es una condición sine qua non a fin de lograr tasas de crecimiento sostenibles en el largo plazo.
Marx y la paradoja de la liberación
(2023) Paniagua, Pablo
Este ensayo explora las consecuencias del pensamiento político y filosófico de Karl Marx. A través de una exégesis del pensamiento de Marx, se señala que este plantea una visión coherente del proceso de emancipación de la humanidad con el objetivo de trascender los procesos económicos relacionados al mercado y de la propiedad privada. Posteriormente, el ensayo establece que dicha visión plantea dos problemas relacionados con las instituciones del poder: primero, el desafío que genera el vórtice del poder al tener este la libertad de reasignar derechos de propiedad a voluntad, haciendo que este sea incompatible con el Estado de derecho y la división del poder. Segundo, la eliminación de los mecanismos de mercado para coordinar la asignación de recursos conduce a la guía racional de la economía, lo que deriva en la planificación y en la subordinación arbitraria de los fines individuales. El ensayo concluye señalando que ambos problemas, que se derivan de la visión emancipadora de Marx, conducen a la concentración del poder, a la supresión de la disidencia y al fin del Estado de derecho.
On the nature and structure of externalities
(2023) Paniagua, Pablo; Rayamajhee, Veeshan
This paper contributes to the literature on externalities and their classification by reconciling insights from transaction costs theory with James Buchanan’s and Elinor Ostrom’s analyses of property rights and institutional diversity. We critique the dominant Pigouvian analysis, which assumes only two forms of institutions—namely, governments and private markets—that can internalize externalities. We develop a new taxonomy of externalities that provides relevant conceptual space for a wide array of institutions that the market-versus-state dichotomy obscures. The proposed taxonomy considers two key classes of often-conflated attributes: (1) the scale of externalities, and (2) the assignability, enforceability, and tradability of property rights. This approach enriches the Coasean (transaction cost) perspective by allowing us to unbundle transaction costs in a manner that extends its applicability to nonmarket situations in which market-based transactions are either not permitted or technically infeasible. Thus, by integrating insights from two distinct Public Choice schools, we broaden the theory of externalities to not only encompass market exchanges but also to incorporate cases in which property rights are, and will remain, unclear. We conclude that institutional diversity can offer adaptable solutions to tackle medium- and large-scale externalities.
Policy changes and growth slowdown: assessing Chile’s lost decade
(2025) Emiliano Toni,; Toni, Emiliano; Paniagua, Pablo; Ordenes, Patricio
Latin America has been snared in an economic slowdown since the end of the commodities boom. Within the region, Chile used to stand alone as the poster child of economic growth and political stability from 1990 to 2010. However, a stark contrast is perceived since around 2014, as Chile has also been trapped in a decade of slow economic growth, marking a shift in its economic trend. This paper examines this Chilean slowdown from an empirical perspective and determines how much can be attributed to internal and external causes. Using the Synthetic Control Method (SCM), our empirical analysis suggests that at least two-thirds of Chile’s recent slowdown can be attributed to internal causes (i.e., policy regime change) and only one-third to external ones. Our results are consistent with the literature, confirming that external volatility can explain only a small fraction of poor economic performance, suggesting that internal factors are the primary source. This research sheds light on the effects of policy regime shifts and their economic impact.
Polycentric democracy and dynamic political stability
(2025) Paniagua, Pablo; Pourvand, Kaveh
A perennial question of political thought is how to stabilize a just regime in the face of disagreement. The importance of this question has been heightened with the Weberian state that monopolizes the power of coercion and anchors society under a single governance structure. This political form has given us both liberal democracy and totalitarianism. The stakes could not be higher in ensuring stability without dismantling pluralism. This paper provides a novel solution to the stability problem by focusing on dynamic stability reached through polycentric democracy. Plural and overlapping centers of governance characterize such democracy. This renders a polycentric system more resilient to changing views than a monocentric one and superior on political risk-management grounds by diffusing decision-making risks. A polycentric system also fosters antifragility in society by avoiding seeking a single and fixed point equilibrium, thereby eluding the pitfalls currently afflicting liberal democracy.

Browsing by Author "Paniagua, Pablo"

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